ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT BACKGROUND ACEH WOMEN USING HIJAB

This research is motivated by the results of observations and experiences of researchers, that found the majority of Acehnese women who are Muslim from the age range of ten years and above have used the veil. This study aims to analyze the factors underlying the veiled Acehnese women. The approach used is descriptive qualitative case study method. The data collection techniques used are direct observation, documentation, and interviews. Data sources for which the data used in this study are primary and secondary data sources. The data analysis technique used is the analysis of the structure of events where the researcher describes the events that occur. The results of this study are found to be the two factors underlying Acehnese women using the veil, namely Internal factors, and external factors. Internal factors consist of parental support and self-awareness. External factors consist of the environment (social culture) that drives it to use the veil and local government regulations contained in Aceh Qanun Number 11 of 2002 concerning the implementation of Islamic law in the fields of aqeedah, worship, and Islamic symbols. The hijab is included in the category of Islamic symbols. Regarding this, Islamic law requires all women to cover their aurat by wearing headscarves based on the laws contained in the Holy Qur’an and Hadith. According to most scholars the female aurat consists of the whole body except the hands and face.


INTRODUCTION
Aurat comes from the words "awira, aara, and a'wara" which means lost feeling. If it is used in the scope of the eye, it has a bad meaning, is considered shameful and disappointing. 1 Aurat is a part of a person's body that must be covered, and unclean to be opened, seen and touched. 2 Therefore, aurat can be defined as something that should not be shown except for certain people who are allowed in Islamic law. Thus, if someone knows the meaning and can judge what is meant by aurat then he will protect and protect it with all his soul and body from spies who have no right to see it. regarding this matter, if the aurat must be the subject of the issue, then the veil is the basis of thought because the aurat and headscarves are interrelated in Islamic opinion which gives a person the right to life to maintain his physical and spiritual safety. 3 Closing the aurat is one of the basic characteristics that distinguishes between humans and other creatures. Therefore when the Prophet Adam A.S. breaking the prohibition of Allah, their nakedness appeared. Then he instinctively covered his aurat with the leaves of heaven. As the word of God in QS. Al-A'raf verse 22: "Then Shaitan entices the two (to eat the fruit) by deception. When both of them have tasted the fruit of wood, they appear to both their aurat and begin to cover them with the leaves of heaven." Islam is a perfect religion. Islam regulates all aspects of human life contained in the Holy Qur'an and Al-Hadith. Among them, Islam regulates the relationship between Hablum min-Allah and Hablum min-annas and even Islam governs the problem of clothing because in society clothing problems are very important and very sensitive.
In Islam, women must protect their holiness and honor 4 , one of which is to cover their aurat by wearing the veil. Hijab is a head covering or clothing that covers the entire body from head to toe. 5 Islam requires women to cover their aurat because 1) to cover their aurat and to prevent deformation; 2) to differentiate from other women and also as respect for these Muslim women; 3) as a form of protection for the sanctity of honor and glory as a Muslim woman. 6 As explained above, the female aurat is the whole body, except the palms and face. 7 This is confirmed by the Prophet's hadith. About the limits of female aurat that must be closed: if a woman has baligh then it should not be visible from the limbs except this and this (she beckons to the face and palms) ". (Narrated by Abu Dawud) This hadeeth clearly shows that the aurat of women who have been baligh are all of their bodies except their faces and palms. Thus, Aurat should not be shown other than to her husband and mahram (relatives with certain criteria). Where are the implications that generally require women to cover their aurat, especially when outside the home. 8 One of the basic laws of hijab is explained in the QS. An-Nuur: The following 31: "Say to the believing woman:" Let them not hold their sight, and their aurat, and do not show their jewels, except those which are (usually) seen from them. And they should cover their veiled cloth, and do not show their jewels except for their husbands, or their fathers. them, or their husband's father, or their sons, or sons of their husband, or their brothers, or sons of their brothers, or sons of their sisters, or women of Islam or slaves that they have, or male servants who have no desire (towards women) or children who do not understand the female aurat, And do not smite their feet to find out the jewelry they hid. And repent you all to Allah, you who believe, that you may be fortunate." Besides in QS. An-Nuur verse 31, Allah also explains the command regarding the veil in the QS. Al-Ahzab: 59: "O Prophet, say to your wives, your daughters and the wives of the believers:" Let them extend their veil throughout their bodies. " That is so that they are easier to be known, therefore they are not disturbed. And Allah is Forgiving, Indonesia is a country with a Muslim majority population, even the largest number of Muslims in the world also contributes to the diversity of Islamic dress. The concept of Muslim fashion has taken root since the entry of Islam into various regions of Indonesia around the seventh century. 9 The process of the entry of Islam into Indonesia proceeded peacefully. Although there is also the use of force by the Indonesian government to control the people. In general, they accept Islam without renouncing old religious beliefs and practices. This is often done by preachers in Java, namely Walisongo. 10 But in reality, not all Muslim women in Indonesia have the same awareness and understanding related to the above concept, although religious advice in various Islamic studies often addresses this issue.
The only province in Indonesia that has its features in implementing Islamic Syari'a is Aceh province. Where the people of the province of Aceh, especially women, have been wearing headscarves since elementary school age, even before they went to baligh. Based on observations made by researchers in August-September 2019, that some Muslim women in Aceh have adopted one of the regional regulations namely Qanun number 11 of 2002 regarding the application of Islamic Sharia which includes the areas of worship, aqeedah and Islamic symbols related to the use of the headscarf. Regarding this, the hijab is included in the category of Islamic symbols. Acehnese women who wear headscarves are not only women who are already adult but also consist of elementary school-age children.
The use of headscarves among women certainly is not formed just like that, many factors can shape women to wear headscarves, both internal and external factors. Research conducted by Indah Purnamasari that most UNESA students majoring in Psychology are motivated to use the hijab because of the varied hijab models and by using the hijab these students feel comfortable and safe. Then some UNESA students use the hijab because the messages conveyed by recitation teachers always reminded of a woman's obligation to use the hijab, some are motivated to use the hijab because they often attend lectures and studies related to women must cover their aurat. Also, the reason women use headscarves is because it is indeed an obligation of a Muslim woman to cover her nakedness if a woman steps out of her house and if one steps a woman leaves the house without closing the nakedness then a step of her parents goes to the door of hell. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research study on the factors underlying the Acehnese women using the veil. The focus of this study is to examine more deeply about what factors are behind Aceh's women using the veil.

RESEARCH METHOD
The research approach is carried out by using a descriptive qualitative approach to obtain detailed information about the problem to be investigated. 12 This research uses a case study method to obtain information about the background and description of a social case that tends to be different and is not always found in each particular region or time. 13 As for the population in this study, 40 Acehnese students are living in the Pocut Baren Dormitory. The sample in this study consisted of 6 respondents who were selected by simple random sampling. This study uses data collection techniques such as observation and interviews. In this study, researchers used primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources are data obtained from the first/source. 14 While secondary data sources are data that is used to support and provide additional information to primary data. In this case, primary data were obtained from interviews conducted with 6 respondents, while secondary data were obtained from books and scientific works deemed relevant to this study. Furthermore, the data analysis technique used is the analysis of the structure of events where the researcher describes the events that occur.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Based on observations made in the field by researchers, it is known that all Acehnese women who live in the Pocut Baren Dormitory already wear headscarves, whether they come out of the dormitory environment or are limited to the boarding grounds like throwing trash and drying clothes behind the dorm. Even the children of one of the 10-year-old dwellers already wear headscarves.
Based on the results of interviews with respondent A, said that "I used the hijab starting when I was in elementary school because at that time I used the hijab because of the habituation of my family, but over time growing awareness in myself to wear the hijab". Same with respondent B who said that "I used the hijab when I was sitting in elementary school, because I live in an environment that uses hijab, so I feel ashamed if I do not use it". In contrast to respondents A and B, respondent C said that "I used the veil starting in grade 1 junior high school, this was due to demands (required) from school, but outside of school I still did not wear the hijab". This is in line with respondent D who stated that "she used the hijab starting in class IV MI because the school in MI at the time required students to wear the hijab, but I used the hijab not only at school but also outside of school".
The respondent E said that "I used the veil when I was in junior high school because in Aceh there is a government regulation (qanun) that is obliged to use the veil for Muslim women who have baligh". Respondent F further said that "I started wearing the hijab because of my self-awareness based on studies that I have participated in, which explained that Muslim women must cover their aurat as instructed in the Holy Qur'an.
Thus, based on the respondents' answers above, it can be concluded that there are two factors behind the Acehnese women using the veil, namely Internal factors, and external factors. Internal factors consist of parental support and selfawareness. While external factors consist of the environment (culture) that drives it to use the veil, and local government regulations contained in Aceh Qanun Number 11 of 2002 regarding the implementation of Islamic law in the fields of aqeedah, worship, and Syari'ah Islam. The hijab is included in the category of Islamic symbols. Regarding this, Islamic law requires all women to cover their aurat by wearing headscarves based on the law contained in the Holy Qur'an and Hadith.

Parental Support
Parents need to give support and also more attention to their daughters in covering aurat (wearing headscarves). This will not be realized if there is no care and attention from parents. Because parents are the main supporting factor in realizing the character of children in closing their aurat. Besides, parents also become an example of the personality of a child, therefore, parents must also cover their aurat properly as instructed by Allah, so that children will follow them. Regarding this, parents not only play a supporting role, but they also play the role of primary mentor in a family environment that has responsibilities for their children to the adult child.

Self Awareness
In using the hijab, it is very necessary to have awareness or willpower from themselves to cover their nakedness by using the veil. A person's willingness to veil has a meaning as a form of one's efforts to fulfill his desires as an awareness in religion. Where knowledge about mandatory closure for women has been embedded first. That awareness grows coupled with the discipline or knowledge of religious knowledge that they learn, whether formal, non-formal or informal education. With this awareness, they will automatically be motivated to use the hijab.
This is in line with research conducted by Saprudin which states that one's self-awareness in veiling, previously had gone through stages that finally persisted in using the veil. 15 Besides, Aidil Ifwa in his research also explained that in Muslim women's dress there is also a need for self-awareness, as well as directives from other parties for her awareness so that he is motivated to dress for Muslim women. 16 Thus, the awareness factor is one of the factors that greatly influences Acehnese women using the veil.

The Environment That Encourages It To Use The Hijab
The environment has a very influential role that can motivate someone to wear the veil, especially among children. A child will imitate what is done by those closest to her. So that he is accustomed and comfortable to wearing the hijab wherever she will go. Thus, she will feel embarrassed when leaving the house without wearing the hijab.

Local Government Regulation
The province of Aceh is permitted by national law to apply Shari'a regional regulations that originate from the foundations of the Islamic religion. The implementation of Islamic law is regulated in the regional regulation of the special province of Aceh The Aceh Qanun is a kind of regional regulation governing Government affairs and the lives of the people of Aceh. In other words, qanun is a regional regulation at the level of government regulation to implement special autonomy in Aceh.
19 This qanun was formed by the Aceh House of Representatives and the Governor as a vehicle provided by the Indonesian legal system to accommodate shari'ah legal norms, so that it becomes an open rule for discussion space, so that it is often contrasted with what is written in the Holy Qur'an and Al-Hadith, and often also contrasted with the understanding or views of the majority scholars contained in a number of fiqh books. 20 As explained above, one of which is regulated in the qanun is the determination of Islamic symbols. Muslim women are required to wear the hijab when outside the home and are prohibited from wearing clothing that shows body shape. The regional regulations referred to are contained in article 13 and article 23 number 11 of 2002 concerning the implementation of Islamic law, it is stated that every Muslim is obliged to dress in an Islamic manner. 21 The penalty for violators is given sanctions in the form of ta'zir sanctions. Because in Article 23 it is stated that the appropriate criteria for the use of Islamic clothing (including headscarves) that is covering aurat, good, polite, does not show curves, and does not cause lust for those who see. The application of sanctions as stated in Article 23 where sanctions are given from the lowest to the highest sanctions, including caning, fines, imprisonment, confiscation of goods, and so forth. 22 Regarding this, there are certain parties responsible for the implementation of the qanun in Aceh, including national police and sharia special police forces that are only found in Aceh, or known as Wilayatul Hisbah (WH). All qanuns in Aceh are regulated by them, the rules include fines, imprisonment, and caning, which is a whip that is unknown to most regions in Indonesia.
Jilbab is a well-known term in Indonesia, besides that, it is also found in the Holy Qur'an which instructs women to use the veil to cover their aurat. According to Muhammad Mutawali Sya'rawi, the scholars agreed that a woman's entire body is aurat, except the face and palms. Therefore, the hijab is not just a cloth that is hung around the neck, not even a transparent cloth that is still visible on her hair and not even a shawl with a small size that is worn around the shoulder. But the hijab in question is a cloth that covers the head, neck, and chest and is not transparent.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research conducted on the factors underlying Aceh's women using hijab. There are two factors behind Aceh's veiled women, namely internal factors and external factors. Where internal factors are meant here is the support of parents and self-awareness. While external factors consist of environmental factors that encourage Acehnese women to wear the hijab and the existence of local regulations or often referred to as qanun, wherein this qanun explains that every Muslim woman who has baligh must cover their aurat, one of which is to wear the hijab.