Educational Management of Pesantren in Digital Era 4.0

In the digital era 4.0, the necessary e-learning skills of the santri at the Gontor 12 Tanjung Jabung Timur modern Islamic boarding school are fundamental to be included in the pesantren education management system. The goal is to improve the students' skills to be highly competitive with other public school graduates. This research examines the education management applied and the learning methods implemented to support the students' skills at the boarding school. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach with a type of case study. This approach can clearly explain the phenomena of the research phenomena and entirely from the new findings at the Pondok Pesantren Modern Darussalam Gontor 12 Tanjung Jabung Timur. This study indicates new effective methods to support e-learning-based santri skills through the learning process using the Yadan-Biyadin method. Yadan-biyadin is a method of conveying material from one hand to another or from one santri to another.


Introduction
Pondok Pesantren is one of the oldest educational institutions in Indonesia. As the oldest educational institution of Islam, Pondok pesantren have contributed to enliven the history in this country. Pondok pesantren's contribution is related to the education of Islam religion aspect alone and concerning other aspects like education of moral, education of civic, education of the public, national education, skill education, education of artistry and other education that related of kindliness values. So, skill education for santri at Pondok pesantren is significant to the improved technology, information, and communication capability to compete in the digital era 4.0 nowadays. In the era of digital literacy like this, information and communication represent a disruption. Everybody is free to express, to doing innovation into the competition. Mustiqowati explains that; Era of disruption is marking with the existence of digital technology that sophisticated. The influence from it can be felt to everybody in human lives, especially in industry and manufacturing of the fourth industrial revolution or mention industry 4.0, then mention RI 4.0 (Mustiqowati U.F, Et, 2017;16). So, the skill education process of santri must give the advantage for todays and future to them.
The development of Islamic education in Pondok pesantren requires carrying out certain activities by mobilizing others' energy. From an education perspective, there is Pondok pesantren of Salafi and Kalafi. Pondok pesantren of Salafi are educational institutions of Islam that maintain the classical book's teaching or called Kitab Kuning (yellow books), Kitab fiqh (fiqh books) as the core of teaching using the method of sorogan and bandongan with manual books. At the same time, Pondok pesantren of Kalafi is an educational institution of Islam that integrated general lessons with Islam's religion in pesantren. In modern Pondok pesantren Darussalam Gontor 12 had combined and integrated Salafi and Kalafi in pesantren's educational management. The management system in Islam's education represents a coordinated, systematic, and integrative process. That process is started with planning, organizational, powering come up with observation. This process is always based on the values of Islam. Therefore, the system its' have values of material and spiritual (Ramayulis,2012;373).
Right now, accessing the internet in the digital era 4.0 easier. It becomes a particular challenge for santri and ustadz in the educational management of pesantren. So, pesantren's role in the face of the challenge gave teaching to all santri through behavior and morals that relevance with Islam's teaching. Rohmah explains that; Education of pesantren continued to play its role dynamically in people's lives as is done by Pondok pesantren, which is by applying the learning model aimed to offset so that graduates of pesantren reached not only Islamic sciences but also general sciences and technology. The learning changes also meant that learning effectiveness and flexibility could be achieved well (Rohmah, 2016;15).
In another aspect, the challenge of pesantren education is involved and the dynamics of science and technology development. Therefore pesantren education needs to make learning models from conventional learning models to technology and information (e-learning). This view results from the rapid development of cumulative technology, which seems to be irreversible in human life in the 21st century (A. Fauzi, 2015: 167).
The digital era's presence is not a matter of being ready or not, but it is a consequence that must be addressed wisely. The multimedia era makes information spread out very quickly, and the process of delivering information is immediately acceptable. Technology is a human product, and the presence of technology has changed the culture and lifestyle. The digital revolution is marked by technological fusion making the boundaries between physical, digital, and biological things other. To anticipate a disruption in this digital era, education in Pondok pesantren more domination to learn, comprehend, and religious science practice in instruction with the teaching-learning process.
Then, concerning educational management of pesantren at Pondok pesantren modern Darussalam Gontor 12, have some purposes of it is to educate santri in reaching of science education of public and religion that based on the value of Islam with the modern and traditional method. It means the process of learning can be applied by using the media manual and digital. However, in this research, the researcher focussed on using media of digital. It is through computer or electronic, internet access, etc., with easy and quick. Such as learn the tool of digitals like hardware and software, of items by text-based content like e-Qur'an, e-hadiths, e-books of a lesson, e-book of fiqh, e-Kitab of yellow, e-magazine, e-article, etc. Then learn of items by multimedia-based content like a slide show, a film inspiration, and motivation; Pondok pesantren of history, tausiah religion, tutorial using facilities or media or service, and tutorial using machine, etc. So, God willing, the skill of santri can improve effectiveness and expected can able to compete in era digital 4.0 nowadays.

Research Method
In this research activity, the researcher just focussed on a problem in Pondok Pesantren Modern Darussalam Gontor 12 Sub-Province of Tanjung Jabung Timur, Province of Jambi, about the model of learning at pesantren in the usage of the method to improve the skill quality santri in digital era 4.0. Then, in this research, the researcher uses the qualitative approach methodology with the type of case study. Denzin and Lincoln, in the journals' of Suciati, describe; that qualitative research involves "... an interpretive naturalistic approach to the world. It means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural setting, attempting to make sense of or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them" (Suciati, 2016;146). The researcher will then try to describe various phenomena that appear by instruments of the method: observation, interview, documentation, and literature relevant to this study.

Educational Management of Pesantren
Education is a fundamental thing for people. For developing their Islamic knowledge, they should try to get Islamic education. As Muslims, they can not be separated from education. Without education or knowledge, they will not be able to understand Islam fully. Someone will not fully realize obligations and indeed potency to observe Islam if he does not have a robust Islamic knowledge foundation. The concept of knowledge in Islam involves both a holistic and practical one. Education in Islam can promote human dignity and enhance the human personality. Generally, Islamic literacy is defined as the ability to read and understand the Qur'an, understand the basic Islamic principles, and practice it in daily life. So, at the beginning of studying Islam, someone needs guidance from other people (Suciati, 2016;138).
The management of pesantren must be broadly based on essential elements, among others, the pesantren mission, which is by the philosophy of Islamic education, the functional organizational structure of pesantren, profitable partnerships and services, pesantren planning and development, HR management and supervision, dynamics in implementing learning strategies, curriculum strengthening practical, efficient management of learning resources, management, and maintenance of pesantren facilities (Muntholib, et al. l., 2018: 410). Education quality orientation implemented that develops and actualizes potential santri to order empowering social community. Thus, santri is actively in creativity, innovation, and effectivity in a society like science and technology in the social community. It says about the high quality of education in pesantren that brings the quality orientation of input, process, output, and appropriately fulfilled outcome. It will depend on the organizational culture, effective organizational leader management, and the tradition following culture discipline (Pepen supendi et al. l, 2018;314).
Autonomy or decentralization of education is one of the main themes of political and economic reform in Indonesia. The above understanding has studied reform that contributes to improving education (Lea Hubbard in Riri Suprihatin et al. l, 2017: 131). The educational management in Pondok pesantren modern Darussalam Gontor 12 Tanjung Jabung Timur through the learning process is a conscious effort to prepare students to learn, believe, understand, and practice through teaching, guidance, training by paying attention to the demands to respect the religions of other in the relationship between religious harmony in society to realize national unity in the digital era. Besides it, education in Pondok pesantren modern Darussalam Gontor 12 also integrated with various uses to learn and teach. Suprayogo mentions that integrating these elements form a system and distinctive educational model and differentiate with formal education. The most fundamental aspect that differentiates between Islamic boarding schools and other educational institutions is tradition (Suprayogo, 2012: 255).
At Pondok pesantren modern Darussalam Gontor 12 have some elements in absolute respect differentiate from other educational systems. These elements include, it is; kyai, ustadz, santri, mosque, hut (dormitory), and recitation of yellow book, Qur'an, hadiths books, etc. Then, one of the most critical elements in Pondok pesantren is kyai. Because kyai is supreme power with high autonomy to manage all functions in pesantren, he also controlled and managed the regulation, role, and rules of tradition in Pondok pesantren. Suppose the significant power of kyai is very influential in managing and building the skill of santri in the digital era (modern). Kyai also must be able to manage the regulation, role, and rules of educational management in pesantren, and also must be able to build skills of santri in the digital era through the activity of the e-learning process. Dirdjosandjoto explains that; Kyai is more than a teacher. Maybe he is similar to the king in pesantren for them. So, in arranging and planning education programs in pesantren, kyai should give the appropriate policy of mission, the vision of pesantren. Kyai, also a supreme leader at the school, has almost absolute authority. There is no other person in this environment than kyai (Dirdjosandjoto Pradjarta, 1999: 156).
The educational management of pesantren has to arrange, plan in education programs, and make decisions that concrete activities carried out comprehensively to cover up the requirement of pesantren, which integrates and connects with the vision, mission, and purposes of pesantren. So, in pesantren, some regulations and roles should not be contrary to it.

E-learning On Literacy Digital Era 4.0
The literacy of digital is the ability to use technology and accompany the way of taking, using, and analyzing information that is provided by digital media collectively (E. Gazali, 2018;96). The development of technology and information dan communication today able to grow significantly affect the community's social life. Therefore, digital literacy progress could influence society's positive attitude in general, leaders of education, learners, and educational staff, especially on technology, information, and communication. Hasnawi explains that; Challenge (opportunity) industrial 4.0 from the perspective of ethics (social) bring consequence there will be a change of social value and demography; the make-up of performance of virtual; growth process complexity (Hasnawi Haris, 2018;17). The community's positive attitude has been growing towards this technology every day more and more users and internet service providers effectively and efficiently. For the first time, the term of literacy digital in used by paul gilster. He mentions literacy digital as the ability to use technology and information of digital apparatus effectively and efficiently in so many academic and career contexts every day (Mustiqowati ummul fitriyah et al. l, 2018;23).
The technology of the internet appearing as media that multiple functions at Pondok pesantren. Communication of the internet can be done by interpersonal or institutional such as enamel of chatting or knowing as a communication group like list mailing, and communication by social media WhatsApp, google drive, LinkedIn, Instagram, etc. The internet also can attend in real-time like conventional media with the existence of application teleconference etc. Hariyanto mentions that; Along with the development of technology, the process of disseminating information has evolved and changed from analog format to digital one making it easier for people to access information. Technology and information development can change the pattern of free communication without being limited by space and time. The digital world that happened for a decade is like wading through a new literacy. Communication devices' growth is increasingly sophisticated, exchanging data and sending written messages in a considerable number. The era of multimedia makes information spread out very quickly, and the process of submission of information can be handled in minutes and seconds (Hariyanto, 2014;170) Digital information that is freely distributed and easily accessed by anyone and at any time makes it people easy to access and obtain the needed information. Therefore, people should be careful and process information properly (Istianah & Sriwahyuningsih, 2019;41-42). In the millennial era, technological developments enable us to change social, cultural, and political life. The presence of technology also makes the generation in the millennial era rely more on social media as a tool to get information. It can be shown by the ease of information accessed by people in their activities such as during heavy traffic jams, in long queues at the bank, in airplane boarding calls, and other places. Further, various applications are used, including Instagram, Facebook, tweeter, WhatsApp group, etc. (M. Khozin, 2018;76).
The rapid growth of internet usage in Indonesia proves that most Indonesian people, including Muslims, have already accessed digital information throughout the internet. One of the widespread impacts of the rise of technology is a new lifestyle of people that can not be separated from electronic devices. Indeed technology has a role as a tool that enables us to help human needs. Furthermore, technology's role has brought human civilization to the digital era, resulting in positive and negative changes. Thus, this becomes a new challenge in all areas of human life (Setiawan, 2017;1).
In line with globalization's opposition, it has brought a far-reaching impact, including in education both in public school and pesantren. Therefore, one of the impacts of globalization in the education system today. It is the use of e-learning in learning activities, so this learning process by using e-learning can be understood, has various advantages, and can overcome differences in learning problems. Hartanto mentions that; the kinds of content and items to teach e-learning are multimediabased and text-based content. The multimedia-based content in interactive multimedia, like conductive to study multimedia, uses a mouse and a keyboard to operate it. Then text-based content, which in the form of text, like a book of the lesson, etc. (Hartanto, 2016;21). In A. Fauzi's journals, Fryer explained that there are at least two approaches that the teacher can then do: the theme-centered approach. This view can be done by determining the learning objectives achieved by utilizing information technology to achieve learning. While the software approach (centered approach) begins with identifying information technology, teachers plan appropriate learning strategies for a learning topic (A. Fauzi, 2016;).
Therefore, e-learning based learning activities can be done in time and distance; even time can also be done anytime. Nevertheless, more than that, e-learning based learning can also improve the quality of learning by way of utilizing online media through technology, information, and communication, as one of the learning resources, to generate efficiency and effectiveness in learning activities, even e-learning technology is understood as one of the alternatives that can be used in learning in the global era (Ahmad F, 2017:725).
Pondok Pesantren's activity can appear as a group community life that can engage in all activities that are more creative to face challenges in an era digital like this. Pondok pesantren must be able to use resources alternatives of others' education, maybe a combination of education and guidance or training through the learning process's activity e-learning model. According to Rita Afriani, the solution of an alternative that is needed in the development and anticipating era revolutionizes 4.0 as a form of literacy development nowadays. It is the first to read, analyze, and use information (big data) in the digital era. Seconds; comprehend the way of machine activity and adjustment of technology application. Third, comprehend aspects of humanities, communication, design, creativity, and entrepreneurship (Rita Afriani, 2018;70).
In Indonesia's education reality, especially in schools, e-learning cannot negate the pedagogic relation element between student and teacher. Because when this happened in feeling concerned about the study process, it became losing its meaning, including various suitable dimensions. It is cognitive, affective, and psychomotor (Rohmah, 2016;15). The determination of the curriculum certainly must be in line with the reading resources provided for cadres. In this case, the Islamist movement's strength has book publishing and printing networking that significantly influences the spread of their understanding and thinking. Therefore, reading the resources should be a severe focus so that the Islamic moderation campaign can be an effective counterpart (Ilya Muhsin et al. l., 2019;65).
Another essential element in the process of teaching and learning is the teacher. The teacher is an educator and mentors young people, both inside and outside the school environment. When facing the students in the school, teachers must truly understand the problem of child development, both physically and mentally, so that teaching and learning can occur without causing any adverse effect on students' mental and personality. The teacher in charge of delivering instruction to students with a good understanding of all the knowledge that has been presented, so that later the change of attitude, skill, habits, social relation, appreciation, and so on (Hamalik, 1994;124). Therefore, this instructional portrait gives students instruction to learn the subject matter through the web they have created. The tools of digital like a computer, projector lens, internet wifi, another in Pondok pesantren modern Gontor 12 had available.
Nevertheless, the tools of digital it, just for equipping and to exploiting of study. Because technology, communication, and information through digital or internet can be studying self-support whenever and anywhere. And pesantren just focussed study or education stemming from the instruction of Islam for educative to all santri in this modern era with good behavior and moral "akhlaqul karimah" From the discussion above, digital literacy can be applied to the educational management system and study process in pesantren with the internet. The internet can gift to access that based on information and communication technology (ICT). ICT in the digital era becomes a requirement mainly used by education to develop pesantren's mission and vision. It will help manage resources and administration to all ustadz and santri, which is based on technology. Fauzi  "good moral" work by empowering gratitude and patience to carry out the mandate (Ahmad Fauzi, 2016;1203). However, e-learning is initially projected in traditional study methods. In reality, e-learning not yet replaces the advantage and role of the conventional study method. This matter happened because the study method used in e-learning was not yet exchanged for interaction method superiority of face to face or conventional. As a result, nowadays e-learning with multiple excess just for the complement to conventional study methods, especially in education (Silahuddin, 2015;57).
Hence, researchers find some findings learning models to use in digital literacy era 4.0 at Pondok pesantren Darussalam Gontor 12 Tanjung Jabung Timur -Jambi. At least can have several principles for ustadz or teacher and santri. It is santri as a center of learning. In this research, the teacher or ustadz as a personal teacher and facilitator to guide and teach is not one source on the learning process. At modern Pondok pesantren Darussalam Gontor 12, Ustadz or the teacher can apply items e-learning with method yadan-biyadin. It means he can transfer items from hand to hand or from one santri to others, Not using method studi in the class. Learning through e-learning can apply anywhere, anytime to transferring items, then can explain, understand, and comprehend the items in elearning with effective and efficient. The process of yadan-biyadin to transfer items by e-learning through guidance that intensive, a teacher or ustadz must choose some santri that has potency quickly to understand items to be careful. The santri has potency, then educated by the teacher, and then santri must deliver items to santri of others.

Conclusion
Pesantren has some elements in absolute respect to differentiate from other educational systems. These elements include kyai, students, mosque, hut (dormitory), regulation, role, rules, tradition, and recitation yellow book, Qur'an, hadiths books, etc., in education. One subject which essential is management in education. The management method in education virtually in the digital era has always become an interesting topic to be discussed. Especially concern about the educational management of pesantren in digital era 4.0. It has an important role to help in increasing the skill quality of graduates. By having good skills in technology, communication, and information, the santri and graduate of pesantren will have the capability to compete on the free challenge in era modern.
The activity of educational at Pondok pesantren modern Darussalam Gontor 12 in digital era 4.0, through the learning process is conscious effort to prepare students to learn, belief, understand, and practice through teaching, guidance, training by paying attention, to the demands, to respect the religions of other in the relationship between religious harmony in society, to realize national unity in the digital era. Besides it, education in Pondok pesantren modern Darussalam Gontor 12 also integrated with various techniques through e-learning in uses to learn and teach in our class. The tools of digital, just for equipping and to exploiting of study. Because technology, communication, and information through digital or internet can be studying self-support whenever and anywhere. Furthermore, pesantren just focussed study or education stemming from Islam's instruction for education to all santri in this modern era with good behavior and morals.
In this activity of e-learning, all teachers or ustadz using a model of transfer items technological science, communications, and information from hand to hand method (yadan-biyadin). It means the process to transfer items by e-learning through guidance that intensive, a teacher or ustadz must choose some santri that has potency quickly to understand items be careful. Then santri that have the potency to educated by teacher or ustadz, and then santri must deliver items to santri of others with continues. In consequence, educational management of pesantren in digital era 4.0 at Pondok pesantren modern Darussalam Gontor 12 Tanjung Jabung Timur more to forward in learning of education of Islam by face to face (conventional or traditional), while the method of elearning just for as complement in educating to increasing skill of santri.