EkBis: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Optimizing ICMS Strategies for E-Commerce in Brazil: Tax Benefits and Profitability Insight

Luís Fernando Correia e Almeida — 2024-12-27

This study aimed to analyze the ICMS in the interstate operations of e-commerce companies, targeting non-taxpayers. The objective was to identify more economically advantageous strategies that would remain compliant with the tax legislation. The economic implications are evident in the use of tax benefits by various states, seeking to attract large companies to their jurisdictions through these incentives. A case study was conducted at a medium-sized company that has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by both operational expansion and the rise of e-commerce on digital platforms. To carry out this case study, information from the company's tax documents was used, including verification of files and tax ledgers, and calculation of taxes and other reports relevant to the study. The analysis revealed that ICMS has a significant effect on the company's operations, necessitating the implementation of strategies to efficiently and legally reduce the tax burden. To implement these strategies, this study analyzed the tax benefits offered by specific states within the federation to this particular industry segment. By comparing these benefits to the company's operational values, opportunities to reduce the tax burden and increase profitability can be identified. The study demonstrated the potential for substantial cost savings by considering the company's location as the primary focus. These savings could range from 41.9% to 72.5%.

Examining the Determinants of Ecological Footprint in ASEAN-5 Countries

Nesha Rizky Ashari — 2024-12-28

This study focuses on the ecological footprint as a crucial indicator for assessing the environmental impact of human activities, particularly in the manufacturing sector, household consumption, and agriculture in five ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines). The novelty of this study lies in the empirical analysis of the relationship between the ecological footprint and major sectors in ASEAN countries using panel data for 22 years (2000–2022). This study uses panel data regression with moderating variables to test the interaction between independent variables and the ecological footprint. The findings indicate that the manufacturing sector has a significant effect on the ecological footprint. The manufacturing sector can reduce its ecological footprint by implementing energy efficiency technologies and using environmentally friendly raw materials. Meanwhile, household consumption does not have a direct effect, but under specific circumstances, it can affect the ecological footprint, particularly the consumption of goods or services that excessively utilize natural resources and are not readily recyclable. The agricultural sector tends to increase its ecological footprint due to inappropriate practices, such as forest burning for agricultural expansion. The conversion of natural land to agricultural land also increases the levels of hazardous substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, which have a significant impact on the ecosystem. The findings of this study provide new insights into effective governance strategies to support sustainable development. This study demonstrates that governance plays a major role in managing ecological footprints, emphasizing the significance of government intervention. The implication of this study is the need for policies that support environmentally friendly practices to reduce ecological footprints in the ASEAN-5 countries.

Intention of Generation Z to Visit Halal Tourism Destination in West Java

Lu'liyatul Mutmainah — 2024-12-29

Indonesia has great potential in the tourism sector, including halal tourism, such as in West Java. Technological developments and digitalization permeating various sectors can influence people's interest in traveling, including Generation Z. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting Generation Z's desire to visit halal tourism destinations in West Java. This study investigates the factors according to the Theory of Perceived Behavior or TPB (subjective norms, attitude towards behavior, and perceived behavioral control), spiritual considerations (religiosity), and digital promotion (electronic word-of-mouth). Furthermore, the study incorporates halal literacy as a moderating variable, assessing its impact on the TPB's influence on tourist intention to visit halal tourism destinations. This study employed an online questionnaire, collecting data from 219 respondents. The gathered data was subsequently analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that perceived behavioral control, electronic world-of-mouth, and halal literacy have a significant and positive effect on Generation Z's interest in visiting halal tourism destinations in West Java. However, subjective norms, attitudes toward behavior, and religiosity did not have a significant effect. Moreover, halal literacy also failed to moderate the relationship between TPB and behavioral intention in this study. A strategy is needed to develop halal literacy combined with online media tools to promote halal tourism in West Java.

Economic Recovery Strategy: The Role of MSMEs Credit Access and Optimization of Regional Fiscal Stimulus in Islamic Economics Framework

Anniza Citra Prajasari — 2024-12-30

This paper aims to analyze the determinants of economic recovery in North Sumatra using district-based panel data from 2020-2022 using the Random Effect Model. Several variables derived from the implications of fiscal and monetary policies such as MSME credit access, inflation, the effectiveness of income spending, poverty, unemployment rate, and human development index were used to analyze economic recovery as proxied by GRDP per capita. Our findings indicated that the position of MSMEs' credit and relative poverty have a significant positive effect on economic recovery in North Sumatra. Conversely, the unemployment rate and human development index have a significant negative effect on economic recovery in North Sumatra. Inflation and the effectiveness of income spending have an insignificant effect on economic recovery in North Sumatra. These findings recommend that the government and the central bank should support increased access to MSME credit in terms of regulations, the availability of bank financial institutions, and allocations. In addition, it is crucial to maintain the effectiveness and increase indirect budget allocations for social fund posts that can be integrated with Islamic Social Funds such as Zakat, Infaq, and Shadaqah to address poverty and unemployment challenges to improve the community’s quality of life and accelerate economic recovery in North Sumatra.

The Effect of Internal Bank Aspects to Sharia Bank Performance with Financing Risk as Mediator

Nimas Dewi Lestari — 2024-12-29

This study aims to examine the factors that affect financing risk and its influence on the financial performance (profit) of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The study includes an overview of internal conditions including capital elements and bank operating costs. This study uses a quantitative method with a path analysis approach. The object of study is Islamic general banking in Indonesia which is registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) for the 2019-2023 period. The sampling technique uses the purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 9 Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. The results of this study show that CAR has a significant effect on NPF, OER does not have a significant effect on NPF, directly CAR and NPF do not have a significant effect on ROA, directly OER has a significant effect on ROA, indirectly through NPF, CAR and OER do not have a significant effect on ROA. The results of this study conclude that Islamic public banks in Indonesia must be able to efficiently manage capital reserves and company operating costs. This aims to maintain the stability of banking performance and ensure that Islamic banks can mitigate the level of risk that occurs in banking operational activities.