Religious Freedom for Minority Muslim Group Based on Gender in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2017.162.169-187Keywords:
Kebebasan beragama, Transgender, Minoritas, Kelompok dan Hak yang DimarginalkanAbstract
Artikel ini membahas tentang kebebasan beragama bagi kelompok minoritas Muslim berdasarkan gender di Indonesia. Kelompok minoritas sering mengalami permasalahan untuk dapat mengakses hak-haknya sebagai warga negara. Transgender merupakan salah satu kelompok minoritas berdasarkan gender yang sering mengalami permasalahan tersebut. Hak beragama merupakan salah satu hak sipil yang dimiliki oleh setiap warga negara. Namun, keberadaan transgender belum sepenuhnya diterima oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat di Indonesia, khususnya masyarakat Muslim, maka mereka terhambat untuk dapat mengekspresikan keyakinan agama mereka. Faktanya, transgender itu ada dalam kehidupan sosial. Fenomena tersebut juga sudah ada ketika zaman pra-Islam ataupun zaman Nabi Muhammad SAW. Ayat-ayat Al Qur’an yang dijadikan inspirasi untuk mendefinisikan transgender adalah QS. Al Hajj: 5 dan QS. An-Nur: 31. Sedangkan dalam hadith juga ada penjelasan tentang transgender, pada kisah transgender dan istri-istri Nabi. Sehingga Fiqh, sebagai landasan hukum dalam Islam juga memberikan penjelasan tentang peribadatan yang terkait dengan transgender. Term yang disebutkan dalam Fiqh untuk istilah transgender adalah khuntha dan mukhannath. Akan tetapi dalam sebagian besar penjelasan mengenai transgender dari para Ulama Muslim, sering melupakan kondisi psikis yang dialami oleh transgender. Seseorang tidak bisa dengan mudah memahami kondisi yang dialami oleh transgender. Untuk memahami transgender, seseorang tidak cukup hanya melihat dari aspek fisik saja, tetapi perlu menelaah aspek psikologis dan biologis dari transgender tersebut.
[This article explains the religious freedom for Muslim minority group based on the gender in Indonesia. The minority groups usually face some obstacle to access their rights as a citizen. Transgender as one of a minority group based on the gender and they usually face that problem. The religious rights include to the civil rights and all of the citizen should have it. However, the existence of transgender in the social community cannot be accepted yet by the Indonesia society, especially Muslim society. So, it causes the difficulties for them to express their belief. In fact, transgender exists in social life. This phenomenon has been existing since the pre-Islamic era or the era of the Prophet Muhammad. There several verses of Qur’an explain about transgender, such as QS. Al-Hajj: 5 and QS. An-Nur: 31. Moreover, the explanation about transgender also exists in hadith, in the story of transgender and Prophet’s wives. Therefore, Fiqh as a fundamental of Islamic law also explains how transgender does their pray. In Fiqh of Islam, transgender is called as khuntha and mukhannath. But in most of the explanations about transgender from Muslim scholars, they often forget about the psychological conditions of transgender. People cannot easily understand the condition of transgender. Therefore, to understand their condition, it is not enough by seeing them only from the physical aspect, but we need to understand their psychological and biological conditions.]
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