Peran Joint Program Terkait Upaya Menghentikan Kasus Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Di Somalia

Authors

  • Anna Mardiyah
  • Rusdi J. Abbas Universitas Pertamina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2021.202.161-174

Keywords:

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Program, Somalia, Liberal Feminists.

Abstract

Sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi tradisi FGM di Somalia, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) melakukan kerja sama dengan United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) dan membentuk program yang dikenal dengan Joint Program. Tulisan ini mencoba menggambarkan bagaimana tradisi FGM yang terjadi di Somalia dan menunjukkan bahwa UNFPA berusaha mengurangi tradisi ini. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif yang berbasis pada studi literatur yang terkait dengan perempuan, tradisi FGM, serta dokumen-dokumen resmi baik dari PBB maupun dokumen resmi dari Somalia. Penulis menemukan bahwa FGM sering terjadi karena telah menjadi budaya yang turun temurun di sebagian besar negara-negara Afrika dan melekat erat pada masyarakat. Di dunia internasional FGM dianggap sebagai kejahatan jender. FGM ini sendiri sering terjadi di berbagai negara yang ada di belahan dunia terutama Somalia. Masyarakat Somalia pada umumnya melaksanakan praktik FGM karena, praktik ini dipercaya merupakan proses anak menjalani transisi menuju kedewasaan. Melihat hanya ada kerugian yang diterima oleh perempuan melalui tradisi FGM, Joint Program melakukan kerja sama dengan Pemerintah, pemuka agama, dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) di Somalia. Adanya kerja sama ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi angka keberlangsungan tradisi ini.

[As an effort to reduce the tradition of FGM in Somalia, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) collaborated with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and formed a program known as the Joint Program. This paper tries to describe how the FGM tradition occurs in Somalia and shows that UNFPA is trying to reduce this tradition. The author will use a qualitative method based on literature studies related to women, FGM traditions, as well as official documents from both the United Nations and official documents from Somalia. The author finds that FGM often occurs because it has become a hereditary culture in most African countries and is closely attached to the community. Internationally, FGM is considered a gender crime. FGM itself often occurs in various countries around the world, especially Somalia. Somali people, in general, carry out the practice of FGM because this practice is believed to be a process of children undergoing the transition to adulthood. Seeing that there are only losses received by women through the FGM tradition, the Joint Program collaborates with the government, religious leaders, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)in Somalia. The existence of this collaboration is expected to reduce the sustainability of this tradition.]

Downloads

References

TooMany. “SOMALIA: THE LAW AND FGM,” 2008. https://www.28toomany.org/static/media/uploads/Law%20Reports/somalia_law_report_(july_2018).pdf.

Armstrong, Karen Keishin. Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet. Reprint edition. San Francisco, Calif.: HarperOne, 1993.

Baehr, Amy R. “Liberal Feminism,” October 18, 2007. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/feminism-liberal/.

Constitue. “Somalia’s Constitution of 2012,” 2020. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Somalia_2012.pdf?lang=en.

FGM National Clinical Group. “Historical & Cultural,” 2007. http://www.fgmnationalgroup.org/historical_and_cultural.htm.

Isman, Elisabeth, Amina Mahmoud Warsame, Annika Johansson, Sarah Fried, and Vanja Berggren. “Midwives’ Experiences in Providing Care and Counselling to Women with Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Related Problems.” Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2013 (2013): 785148. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/785148.

Janzen, J, H,A., and L Lewis M. “Somalia | History, Geography, Culture, & Facts | Britannica.” Accessed February 11, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia.

Jha, Ms Chitra, and Ms Neha Anand. “Female Genital Mutilation,” 1996.

Knight, M. “Curing Cut or Ritual Mutilation? Some Remarks on the Practice of Female and Male Circumcision in Graeco-Roman Egypt.” Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences 92, no. 2 (June 2001): 317–38. https://doi.org/10.1086/385184.

Kouba, Leonard J., and Judith Muasher. “Female Circumcision in Africa: An Overview.” African Studies Review 28, no. 1 (1985): 95–110. https://doi.org/10.2307/524569.

Landinfo. “Female Genital Mutilation in Sudan and Somalia,” 2008. https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/498085871c.pdf.

Nyangweso, Mary. Female Genital Cutting in Industrialized Countries: Mutilation or Cultural Tradition? Santa Barbara, California: Praeger, 2014.

Plan. “Tradition and Rights: Female Genital Cutting in West Africa.” Studies, Reviews and Research, 2007.

Rouzi, Abdulrahim A. “Facts and Controversies on Female Genital Mutilation and Islam.” The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 10–14. https://doi.org/10.3109/13625187.2012.749982.

UNFPA. “About Us.” United Nations Population Fund, 2020. https://www.unfpa.org/about-us.

———. Beyond the Crossing: Female Genital Mutilation across Borders Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda. UNFPA, 2019.

———. “UNFPA in Somalia from Relief to Development,” 2008. https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/UNFPA_in_Somalia_-_From_Relief_to_Development.pdf.

UNFPA-UNICEF. “Joint Evaluation UNFA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Accelerating Change 2008-2012, Volume I,” 2013. https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/admin-resource/FGM-report%2012_4_2013.pdf.

Downloads

Published

2022-02-13

Issue

Section

Articles
Abstract Viewed = 754 times | pdf downloaded = 730 times