Gender dalam Sorotan Tafsir di Indonesia (Penelitian berbasis Systematic Literature Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2021.202.147-159Keywords:
Gender, Feminisme, Tafsir, IndonesiaAbstract
Sejak kemunculannya, kajian gender telah cukup berkembang di Indonesia. Beragam kajian dilakukan, seperti kajian ayat, kajian tokoh, pemikiran, dan kajian kitab tafsir. Tulisan ini juga mengkaji gender dalam karya-karya tafsir di Indonesia, untuk mengetahui dinamika penafsiran yang ada, khususnya terkait penafsiran ayat-ayat gender; serta sejauh mana perhatian dan kontribusi Indonesia dalam mengarusutamakan kesetaraan gender melalui karya-karya tafsir yang hadir di dalamnya. Penulis menggunakan model systematic literature review (SLR) dalam penelitian ini, yaitu sebuah cara sistematis dan terstruktur untuk mengumpulkan, mengevaluasi secara kritis, mengintegrasikan dan menyajikan temuan dari berbagai studi penelitian melalui topik serta pertanyaan penelitian . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia dengan karya tafsirnya mampu menghadirkan kajian atau penafsiran ramah gender, yang ditandai dengan kemunculan Tafsir al-Misbah karya Quraish Shihab. Meskipun demikian, beberapa karya tafsir yang hadir sebelum Quraish Shihab juga sudah mulai menunjukkan keramahan gender dalam penafsirannya, seperti Hamka dalam tafsirnya. Sedangkan setelah era Quraish Shihab, kajian gender dalam penafsiran sudah marak dilakukan, khususnya dalam penafsiran-penafsiran tematik. Adapun objek kajian yang dibahas pun semakin variatif dan tidak hanya berkutat pada ayat-ayat penciptaan manusia, kepemimpinan dalam rumah tangga, atau poligami saja; melainkan sudah merambah ayat-ayat lain seperti QS at-Taubah ayat 71 tentang hak kepemimpinan perempuan dalam politik kepemimpinan.
[Since its inception, gender studies have developed in various studies such as verse studies, figures, thoughts, and interpretation. This paper examines gender in interpretation (tafsir) works in Indonesia, to find out the dynamics of the interpretations, especially related to gender verses; how their roles and contributions in mainstreaming gender equality through the works of interpretation. In this study, the writer uses a systematic literature review (SLR) model , a systematic and structured way to collect, critically evaluate, integrate and present findings from various research studies through a topics and research questions. The results of this study indicate that Indonesia with its interpretation works is able to present gender-friendly studies which is marked by the appearance of Quraish Shihab's Tafsir al-Misbah. However, several works that came before Quraish Shihab have also begun to show gender friendliness, such as Hamka in his interpretation. Meanwhile, after the era of Quraish Shihab, gender studies have been widely carried out, especially in thematic interpretations. The objects of study discussed are varied, not only dwell on the verses of the creation of man, leadership in the household, or polygamy ; but also other verses such as QS at-Taubah verse 71 concerning the rights of women in politics leadership.]
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