Rowing Between the Currents: ‘Aisyiyah Strategies for Middle Path Feminism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2023.2201.41-56Keywords:
Indonesian feminism, women movement, AisyiyahAbstract
Artikel ini membahas tentang tantangan yang dihadapi ‘Aisyiyah, salah satu organisasi perempuan Islam tertua dan terbesar di Indonesia, ketika ia mengambil posisi tengahan dalam mengembangkan ideologi feminisnya. Ide feminisme yang berkembang di Indonesia berada diantara yang berdasarkan pemikiran sekuler dan agama yang konservatif, serta antara keperempuanan yang berorientasi pada nilai-nilai budaya lokal dan budaya cosmopolitan. Pertanyaan utama adalah, feminisme macam apa yang digagas oleh ‘Aisyiyah, bagaimana wujud empiriknya, serta tantangan-tantangan apa yang dihadapinya. Paper ini merupakan hasil dari riset kepustakaan yang dilakukan penulis dengan pendekatan sejarah feminis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ‘Aisyiyah mendapat tantangan dari kelompok feminis sekular, nasionalis, juga dari kelompok konservatif Islamis. Namun demikian, ‘Aisyiyah tetap tegar, dan kiprahnya menunjukkan bahwa perempuan Muslim Indonesia berperan penting dalam kesejarahan pemberdayaan perempuan melalui berbagai cara, diantaranya berorganisasi untuk melangsungkan usha-usahanya agar dapat tercapai lebih cepat dan berdanpak lebih luas. Diantara usaha itu yang terpenting adalah menyelenggarakan pendidikan untuk kaummperempuan, mendirikan pusat-pusat kesehatan ibu dan anak, pemberdayaan ekonomi mereka, serta penerbitan buku-buku tuntutan dan majalah Suara ‘Aisyiyah, yang telah terbit secara konsisten sejak tahun 1926 hingga hari ini.
[This article discusses the challenges faced by 'Aisyiyah, one of Indonesia's oldest and largest Islamic women's organizations, when it takes a middle position in developing its feminist ideology. The idea of feminism developing in Indonesia is between those based on secular and conservative religious thoughts and between women who are oriented towards local cultural values and cosmopolitan culture. The main question is, what kind of feminism was initiated by 'Aisyiyah, what was its empirical form, and what challenges did it face? This paper results from my library research conducted using a feminist historical approach. The results of the study show that 'Aisyiyah received challenges from secular feminist groups, nationalists, as well as from conservative Islamic groups. However, 'Aisyiyah remains steadfast, and its work confirms that Indonesian Muslim women have played an important role in women's empowerment in various ways, including organizing to carry out their efforts so that they can be achieved more quickly and have a broader impact. Among these efforts, the most important is providing education for women, establishing maternal and child health centers, empowering their economy, and publishing necessary guiding books and the magazine Suara 'Aisyiyah, published consistently from 1926 until today.]
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