Redefining Jihad, Hijrah, and Caliph in Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf

Authors

  • Hasnul Insani Djohar Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hiayatullah Jakarta
  • Willy Oktaviano Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2024.232.236-252

Keywords:

US-Muslimah’s fiction, Quran and Hadith, Jihad, Hijrah, Caliph and leader, Tolerance

Abstract

Abstract

Historically, Orientalism has perceived Islam in reductionist views for centuries. To resist this basic view, it is crucial to investigate Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf (2005), which redefines Islam and Islamic terms, such as Jihad, Hijrah, and Caliph in more positive insights. Kahf’s text questions orientalists, which tend to misrepresent Muslims in a limited way, such as Jihad associated with terrorism and killing others instead of fighting against worldly desires. To contest these negative misrepresentations of the Muslim world, in her novel, Kahf uses Islamic sacred texts, such as Surah At-Taubah (Repentance) and Al-A’raf (The Heights), to redefine Islam as a religion, which promotes Salam (peace) and tolerance in the world instead of violence as misrepresented in Western liberalism. By engaging with postcolonial and Islamic studies, this paper investigates how Kahf uses the Quran and hadiths in her novel to reject imperialist perspectives. Thus, Kahf’s novel explores the Islamic sacred texts to inspire people how to live in a modern society by appreciating different people regardless of their different races and faiths and practicing tolerance to establish a more global civilized society.

Keyword: US-Muslimah’s fiction, Quran and Hadiths, Jihad , Hijrah, Caliph and leader, Tolerance

[Secara historis, Orientalisme telah memandang Islam dalam pandangan reduksionis selama berabad-abad. Untuk menolak pandangan dasar ini, penting untuk menyelidiki The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf (2005) karya Mohja Kahf, yang mendefinisikan ulang Islam dan istilah-istilah Islam, seperti Jihad, Hijrah, dan Khalifah dalam wawasan yang lebih positif. Teks Kahfi mempertanyakan para orientalis yang cenderung memberikan gambaran keliru tentang umat Islam secara terbatas, seperti Jihad yang dikaitkan dengan terorisme dan membunuh orang lain alih-alih berperang melawan keinginan duniawi. Untuk melawan kesalahpahaman negatif tentang dunia Muslim, dalam novelnya, Kahfi menggunakan teks suci Islam, seperti Surah At-Taubah (Pertobatan) dan Al-A'raf (Ketinggian), untuk mendefinisikan kembali Islam sebagai agama yang mengedepankan Salam ( perdamaian) dan toleransi di dunia dibandingkan kekerasan seperti yang disalahartikan dalam liberalisme Barat. Dengan terlibat dalam studi pascakolonial dan Islam, makalah ini menyelidiki bagaimana Kahf menggunakan Al-Quran dan hadis dalam novelnya untuk menolak perspektif imperialis. Oleh karena itu, novel Kahfi mengeksplorasi kitab-kitab suci Islam untuk menginspirasi masyarakat bagaimana hidup dalam masyarakat modern dengan menghargai orang yang berbeda tanpa membedakan ras dan keyakinannya serta mengamalkan toleransi untuk mewujudkan masyarakat beradab yang lebih global.

Kata Kunci: Fiksi AS-Muslimah, Quran and Hadits, Jihad, Hijrah, Khalifah, Tolerance.]

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Willy Oktaviano, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Willy Oktaviano researches Islamic Studies focusing on Islamic Philosophy and Middle East studies. He teaches Islamic Studies at the Faculty of DIrasat Islamiya at Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 

References

Asad, Talal. “Europe against Islam: Islam in Europe.” Muslim Word 87, April 1997, 2 edition.

Awajan, Nosaybah Waled, and Mahmoud Flayeh Al-Shetawi. “Empowering Muslims in Leila Aboulela’s Minaret and Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf.” International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 21, no. 1 (2021): 127–44.

Bose, Purnima. The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf by Mohja Kahf. Indiana Magazine of History, 2009.

Cariello, Marta. Homeland, America, Bismillah’: Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf and the Dissonance of Nationhood. Tolomeo, 2017.

Chambers, Claire. British Muslim Fiction: Interviews with Contemporary Writers. Springer, 2011.

Djohar, Hasnul Insani. Rewriting Islam: Decolonialism, Justice, and Cotemporary Muslimah Literature. Ohio State University Press, 2024.

———. “The Crossroads of America" and Bildungsroman in Mohja Kahf’s and Randa Jarrar’s Fiction.” College Literature 48, no. 1 (2021): 59–82.

Haque, Danielle. “The Post-Secular Turn and Muslim American Literature.” American Literature 86, no. 4 (2014): 799–829.

Kahf, Mohja. The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf. NY: Carrol & Graf Publishers., n.d.

Kahn, Paul W. Putting Liberalism in Its Place. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.

Koegeler-Abdi, Martina. “Muslim Feminist Agency and Arab American Literature: A Case Study of Mohja Kahf’s the Girl in the Tangerine Scarf.” Gender Forum, no. 65 (2017).

Majid, Amrah Abdul. “The Many Ways of Being Muslim: The Practice of Immanent Critique in Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf.” Akademika 87, no. 1 (2017): 221–30.

Malak, Amina. Muslim Narratives and the Discourse of English. SUNY Press, 2004.

Massad, Joseph A. Islam in Liberalism. University of Chicago Press, 2020.

Morey, Peter, and Amina Yaqin. Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and Representation after 9/11. Harvard University Press, 2011.

Ouhiba, Nawel Meriem. “Beyond the Veil: Exploring Muslim Women’s Multidimensional Identities in Laila Aboulela’s The Translator and Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf.” International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 5 (2021): 25–38.

Said, Edward. Orientalism. Pantheon Books, 1978.

Sulaiman, Suraiya, Mohammad A. Quayum, and NOR FARIDAH ABDUL MANAF. “Negotiating Muslim Women’s Rights and Identity in American Diaspora Space: An Islamic Feminist Study of Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf.” KEMANUSIAAN: The Asian Journal of Humanities 25, no. 1 (2018): 43–67.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-30

Issue

Section

Articles
Abstract Viewed = 29 times | pdf downloaded = 14 times