From Victim To Perpetrator: Comparing The Shift Of Rape Narrative Focus In Audrie & Daisy (2016) And Photocopier (2021)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2025.241.104-119Keywords:
Rape, Perpetrator, Comparative Study, America, Indonesia, NarrativeAbstract
Abstrak
Meski berbeda latar belakang - Amerika dan Indonesia - seperti sosio-kultural, dan tingkat pendidikan, namun pelaku pelecehan dalam Audrie & Daisy (2016) dan Photocopier (2021) patut ditelusuri lebih lanjut dengan asumsi bahwa teks dunia pertama berbeda dengan teks dunia ketiga dalam kaitannya dengan wacana perempuan sebagai subjek dan agen. Mengungkap bagaimana pergeseran fokus naratif dalam representasi pelaku kekerasan seksual dari korban menjadi pelaku sehingga eksistensi pelaku sebenarnya tidak menjadi “tidak teridentifikasi.” Kajian kualitatif ini mengidentifikasi narasi pemerkosaan melalui wacana dalam konstelasi relasi gender antara pelaku seksual dengan korban atau penyintas. Membandingkan konstruksi wacana pelaku dalam narasi pemerkosaan dengan teori representasi Stuart Hall yang mengkaji narasi dan wacana film, representasi sosiokultural, dan representasi pelaku kekerasan seksual. Di Indonesia, pelaku laki-laki, dengan segala keistimewaan dan statusnya, menempati posisi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan yang menjadi penyintas. Pelaku yang tidak dihukum menempatkannya dalam hierarki lebih tinggi di Amerika. Nilai-nilai otonomi individu yang dijunjung tinggi dalam budaya Amerika menempatkan laki-laki pada posisi hegemonik, sedangkan di Indonesia, dengan nilai-nilai keterlekatan sosialnya, narasinya terlihat kuat dalam mengorbankan perempuan demi kepentingan kelompok. Wacana yang dapat diidentifikasi tidak hanya memberikan kekuatan narasi terhadap pemerkosa tetapi juga rasa tidak terkutuk atau simpati dari pembaca.
Kata Kunci: Pemerkosaan, Pelaku, Studi Banding, Amerika, Indonesia, Narasi
[Although the backgrounds are different - America and Indonesia - such as sociocultural and education levels, the perpetrators of sexual harassment in Audrie & Daisy (2016) and Photocopier (2021) are worth exploring further, with the assumption that first-world texts are different from third-world texts with the discourse of women as subjects and agents. How the shift in narrative focus in the representation of perpetrators of sexual violence from victims to perpetrators, so that the existence of the perpetrators does not become "unidentified is a critical point of view of this study." This qualitative study identifies rape narratives through discourse in the constellation of gender relations between sexual perpetrators and victims or survivors. Comparing the construction of the perpetrator's discourse in the rape narrative with Stuart Hall's theory of representation that examines film narratives and discourses, representations of sociocultural and sexual perpetrators. In Indonesia, male perpetrators, with all their privileges and status, occupy a higher position than female survivors. Perpetrators who are not punished are placed in a higher hierarchy in America. The values of individual autonomy that are upheld in American culture place men in a hegemonic position, while in Indonesia, with its values of social attachment, the narrative is seen as strong in sacrificing women for the benefit of the group. Identifiable discourses not only provide narrative power to rapists but also a sense of not being condemned or sympathetic by the reader.
Keywords: Rape, Perpetrator, Comparative Study, America, Indonesia, Narrative.]
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