The Potential Of Women's Intelligence In The Perspective Of The Prophet's Hadith: A Study Of Misogynistic Hadith

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji kembali hadis tentang perempuan sebagai naqishat ‘aql wa al-dīn yang selama ini dipahami sebagai legitimasi inferioritas intelektual perempuan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis validitas dan makna hadis tersebut melalui integrasi kritik sanad–matan, pendekatan sosio-historis, dan hermeneutika gender. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif berbasis studi pustaka dengan analisis deskriptif-kritis terhadap hadis, literatur klasik, dan studi gender Islam kontemporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun hadis tersebut sahih secara sanad, pemaknaannya bersifat kontekstual dan tidak menunjukkan inferioritas kodrati perempuan. Konsep nuqshān al-‘aql lebih merefleksikan kondisi sosial Arab abad ke-7, terutama dalam konteks kesaksian ekonomi, bukan ketidakmampuan intelektual universal perempuan. Sejarah Islam juga menunjukkan kontribusi signifikan perempuan dalam transmisi ilmu keislaman sebagai kontra-narasi terhadap tafsir misoginis. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada penguatan pembacaan hadis yang lebih etis, kontekstual, dan berkeadilan gender.

Kata Kunci: Hadis Misoginis, Kecerdasan Perempuan, Kritik Sanad, Keadilan Gender.

[This study reviews the hadith about women as naqishat 'aql wa al-dīn which has been understood as the legitimacy of women's intellectual inferiority. The research aims to analyze the validity and meaning of the hadith through the integration of sanad-matan criticism, socio-historical approaches, and gender hermeneutics. The research uses a qualitative method based on literature studies with descriptive-critical analysis of hadith, classical literature, and contemporary Islamic gender studies. The results of the study show that although the hadith is valid in sanad, its meaning is contextual and does not show the inferiority of women's nature. The concept of nuqshān al-'aql reflects more of the 7th-century Arab social conditions, especially in the context of economic testimony, rather than women's universal intellectual incompetence. The history of Islam also shows the significant contribution of women in the transmission of Islamic knowledge as a counter-narrative to misogynistic interpretations. This research contributes to strengthening the reading of hadith that is more ethical, contextual, and gender-fair.

Keyword: Misogynistic Hadith, Women's Intelligence, Sanad Criticism, Gender Justice.]