Navigating Gender Mainstreaming And Politics Of Candidacy: Women's Leadership In Indonesian Islamic Higher Education (2012-2022)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2026.251.44-60Keywords:
Female Rectors, Islamic Universities, Gender Equality. Candidacy Politics.Abstract
Wacana mengenai kepemimpinan perempuan di Indonesia sebagian besar berpusat pada politik praktis, di mana perempuan sering kali diposisikan sebagai aktor sekunder sekadar untuk memenuhi kuota 30% alih-alih sebagai pemimpin strategis. Persepsi yang berakar pada norma patriarki dan ketergantungan berbasis kekerabatan ini mengaburkan signifikansi kepemimpinan perempuan yang kian berkembang di institusi akademik. Studi ini mengkaji sosok rektor perempuan di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN) di Indonesia dengan mengidentifikasi empat pola kepemimpinan kolegial, personal, posisional, dan kekuasaan yang dipersonalisasi yang masing-masing dibentuk oleh rekam jejak politik mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran (mixed methods) yang memadukan survei singkat dengan wawancara semi-terstruktur serta diskusi kelompok terarah (Focus Group Discussion atau FGD). Survei memberikan gambaran umum mengenai perspektif responden tentang universitas yang responsif gender, sementara wawancara dan FGD memperdalam analisis mengenai kebijakan, strategi, dan praktik pengarusutamaan gender di perguruan tinggi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rektor perempuan tidak sekadar mereplikasi logika kuota politik, melainkan mendorong transformasi institusional melalui beragam pola kepemimpinan yang mengintegrasikan pertimbangan gender ke dalam tata kelola universitas. Hal ini memiliki signifikansi ganda. Pertama, penelitian ini berkontribusi pada khazanah pengetahuan mengenai kepemimpinan perempuan dengan mengalihkan fokus dari politik elektoral ke kepemimpinan akademik, sebuah ranah yang relatif belum banyak dikaji. Kedua, penelitian ini memberikan wawasan strategis bagi para pembuat kebijakan dengan menunjukkan bagaimana institusi perguruan tinggi dapat berperan sebagai agen pengarusutamaan gender, serta memberikan masukan bagi kerangka kerja masa depan terkait pengembangan kepemimpinan, kebijakan responsif gender, dan reformasi kelembagaan di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Rektor Perempuan, Universitas Islam, Kesetaraan Gender, Politik Pencalonan.
[The discourse on women’s leadership in Indonesia has largely centered on practical politics, where women are often positioned as secondary actors fulfilling the 30% quota rather than as strategic leaders. Rooted in patriarchal norms and kinship-based dependency, this perception obscures the growing significance of women’s leadership in academic institutions. This study explores female rectors in Indonesian State Islamic Universities (PTKINs), identifying four leadership patterns—collegial, personal, positional, and personalized power—each shaped by their political trajectories. The research applies a mixed method, combining a short survey with semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). The survey provided a general mapping of respondents’ perspectives on gender-responsive universities, while interviews and FGDs deepened the analysis on policies, strategies, and practices of gender mainstreaming in higher education. Findings reveal that women rectors do not merely replicate political quota logic but instead advance institutional transformation through diverse leadership patterns that embed gender considerations into university governance. This has twofold significance. First, it contributes to the knowledge map on women’s leadership by shifting attention from electoral politics to academic leadership, a relatively underexplored arena. Second, it provides strategic insights for policymakers by demonstrating how higher education institutions can become agents of gender mainstreaming, informing future frameworks on leadership development, gender-responsive policy, and institutional reform in Indonesia.
Keywords: Female Rectors, Islamic Universities, Gender Equality. Candidacy Politics.]
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