SOCIALIZATION COACHING ON OF MAKING AN ALTERNATIVE ANIMAL FEED BY RICE STRAW FERMENTATION IN TLOGOWARAK, GIRIPURWO, PURWOSARI, GUNUNGKIDUL
Adib Abbiya Qowiyyudin1, Fajar Azis Utama2, Santi Ria Lailatul Muktamaroh3, Anisa Isdiyanti4, Heri Setiyawan5, Mira Nurrohlistiani6, Ibadur Rahman7, Akvina Khoirunisa8, Lolo Nara Suryana9
96th Student Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata)
State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Correspondency email: adibabbiya82@gmail.com

Abstract
This community service was carried out in the farming community and cattleman in Tlogowarak, Giripurwo Village, Gunungkidul Regency. This service was carried out through Direct Coaching Socialization and Training activities to the local society. It is Aaimed to utilize probiotic fermentation technology to increase the use value and nutrition of farmers' rice straw as an alternative feed for cattle and goats in Tlogowarak, Giripurwo, Gunungkidul. Through this service, it is expected that farmers and cattleman have knowledge and skills about bio-fermentation technology to increase the nutritional value of rice straw with the help of MOL  molasse bacteria (local microorganisms) or by mixing liquid molasses and EM4 (Effective Microorganism 2-4). The results showed that the knowledge and skills of the farmers and cattleman of Tlogowarak about the bio-fermentation technique are increase after being given the training program, so they were able to process the straw waste into an alternative feed for livestock so that could help farmers in lack of grass in the dry season.
Keywords: Alternative feed, Em4 (Effective Microorganism 2-4), Fermentation, Molasses, Rice Straw.

INTRODUCTION
	Purwosari is one of the Districts in Gunungkidul Regency. Purwosari consisted of five villages namely Girijati, Giriasih, Giricahyo, Giripurwo, and Giritirto. The farthest village from the district capital is Girijati (7 km). Purwosari sub-district area is 7,175.99 Ha, and the widest village is Giripurwo with ​​2,725.70 Ha. For the widest land in Purwosari, there is a dry land use of 5,403.35 Ha, followed by another land which is equal to 805.77 Ha, building use is 466.81 Ha, state forest use is 319.76 Ha and the least of paddy fields use is ​​80.30 Ha. The irrigation system paddy fields in Purwosari sub-district consisted of technical, semi-technical, simple, and rainfed. The widest irrigation system is a rainfed system with ​​131.71 ha (BPS, 2017). In the livestock sector, the number has increased in this year, while small cattle and fowl have decreased (BPS, 2017).
	Tlogowarak is one of the largest areas in the village of Giripurwo and most of the area is dry land, teak forests, and rocks. This region has more extensive agricultural and livestock land, therefore, it has a lot of potentials to meet people's daily needs. The people of Tlogowarak livelihoods is as Farmers and Cattlemen. A large number of livestock of local society has a considerable impact, especially food. In the dry season, farmers start having difficulty in an animal feedstock as the harvest only once in a year. When the harvest is very abundant and piling up, the longer it will rot so as not suitable to be used as animal feed. Therefore, the rice must be processed into the alternative animal feed to prevent decomposition. Production costs are quite expensive, they makes farmers cannot afford to buy modern agricultural tools, so they use traditional tools to manage their agricultural. 
In addition to the problem of animal feed, in this region also experienced a shortage of water which had an impact on agricultural land which caused little yield, 
but there is a part of the agricultural area that has abundant water and crops. Therefore it is necessary to have an alternative animal feed to help the local society.
The benefits of animal feed fermentation are one of the efforts to increase livestock yields and good quality. It is also known as an alternative means to accelerate the growth of livestock, especially in the dry season. Because most likely during the dry season, the supply of green food for livestock is greatly reduced and it is expected that with the fermentation of animal feed it will cover the lack of animal feed (Sugiyanto, 2015).

METHOD
The method used was socialization coaching and direct traineeing. The materials used were straw, Em4 (Effective Microorganism 2-4), molasses, and water. The tool used was a bucket, trash bag, tarpaulin, and rope. Making alternative animal feed used straw fermentation method with EM4 and Molasses. The first step was, EM4 and molasses in a bucket that has been filled were mixed in a liter of water, then stirred. The straw was spread over the tarpaulin, then sprinkled the mixture of water, EM4, and molasses on the straw evenly. Afterward, the straw was put in a trash bag and closed tightly using a rope, then saved for 14 days in low-temperature place.
DISCUSSION
Tlogowarak is an area that is difficult to water source is rare. Especially when the dry season, livestock difficult to get food (grass) because it was dry and barren. Seeing this condition, the group 178 created an alternative work program for animal feed to help find solutions for farmers during the dry season.
Various preparations were made on July 2018, the coordination team with Tlogowarak’s cattlemen and the village head, and material expenditures for alternative animal feed needs. The work program was successfully held on August 4, 2018, at Purwosari 1 Junior High School field.
The first step was an observation of what needed in Tlogowarak’s community, that was an alternative feed for livestock during the dry season. Afterward, Tlogowarak village head and the farmers were coordinated by group 178. Then found the speaker to give a socialization about an alternative to animal feed.
The second was, tools and materials prepared. The tools used were buckets, trash bags, and tarpaulin. While the tools used were dry straw, EM4 (Effective Microorganism 2-4), Molasses, and a liter of water.
1. Straw
Rice straw was very possible to use as cattle feed to replace some of the grass. However, low nutritious rice straw contained only 2-3% protein and a small number of vitamins and minerals, relatively high fat and starch content and fiber due to high lignin and sillicium. In addition, rice straw is difficult to digest because of its very high crude fiber content (cellulose and lignin). Therefore, many farmers have not utilized their straw to maximizing an animal feed. Even though rice straw can be used as the main food for forage cattle if it is processed with micro-bacterial science and technology into the fermented straw.
To increase the digestibility of rice straw and its amount of consumption, rice straw needs to be treated biologically by using probiotics. Probiotics are biotechnology products that contain poly microorganisms: lignolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic, cellulolytic, lipolytic and nonsymbiotic nitrogen which can ferment straw so that it can improve the quality and value of its digestibility (Anonim, 2017).
The fermentation process of rice straw as a source of fiber will benefit the ruminant feed industry and provide added value to rice farmers. Economic calculations with the application of rice straw fermentation techniques will bring quite high profits as paddy field and ruminants are quite extensive in Indonesia. The result of fermentation can reach 4-5 tons/hectare/year which is able to meet the needs of fibrous feed for 2-3 cows throughout the year.
The rice straw fermentation process is carried out by adding a starter of microbes producing fiber and urea breaking enzymes by a simple method. This method has advantages compared to the use of chemical compounds, including easy to obtain, relatively inexpensive, practical and provides a high enough added value to the basic ingredients used. The ammoniation or chemical process in rice straw allows the irritation of livestock respiratory tracts so that it can cause disruption to livestock health or even death. Fermentation of rice straw can increase nutritional value and allow it to be stored for a longer time. In addition, fiber components in rice straw are more easily degraded in the rumen so they can provide energy in the form of fatty acids.
Probion is one of the microbial starter materials that support the development of microbes that produce fiber-breaking enzymes that are easily obtained and have not been widely used. Probion is a mixture of various types of rumen microbes, including Bacteroides ruminicola, Bacteroides succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Selenomonas ruminantium, which have been registered with patents. Make fiber source animal feed materials using rice straw as a base material with fermentation and dry methods make the biological value of the feed ingredients higher (Anonymous, 2018).
2. Molasses
Molasses is a by-product of processing sugar cane or beet sugar which still contain sugar and organic acids. Molasses produced from the sugar cane industry in Indonesia is known as molasses (Sebayang, 2006).
This molasses is very useful as an ingredient to making animal feed mixed with water, concentrates or through a fermentation technology process of various kinds of feed sources of livestock fiber, concentrating and making silage. Molasses are one of the ingredients that have high carbohydrates, vitamin B complexes, and other vitamins that are easily soluble in water. This vitamin is also very important for the development of young cattle, goats, and sheep because young ruminants cannot digest the vitamins themselves in the stomach or rumen. Molasses also have a variety of minerals that are important for maintaining livestock health conditions, for example, cobalt, boron, iodine, manganese, zinc. The main advantage of molasses as animal feed ingredients is the level of carbohydrates is quite high, can reach 48-60% as sugar and mineral levels. Molasses have a Coarse Protein (PK) of around 3.1% and contain a large amount of energy which is 70.1%. Therefore, the use of molasses is not used as separate animal feed but mixed with other feed ingredients that contain high protein (Anonymous, 2016).
Table 1. Nutritient Content of Molasses
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF MOLASSES Per 100 g	
Calori (kcal)	289 g	
Fat	0,1 g	
Saturated Fat	0 g	
Polyunsaturated fats	0,1 g	
Monounsaturated fats	0 g	
Cholesterol	0 mg	
Natrium	37 mg	
Potassium	1.464 mg	
Carbohydrate	75 g	
Food fiber	0 g	
Sugar	75 g	
Protein	0 g	
Vitamin A	0 IU	
Calsium	205 mg	
Vitamin D	0 IU	
Vitamin B12	0 µg	
Vitamin C	0 mg	
Iron	4,7 mg	
Vitamin B6	0,7 mg	
Magnesium	242 mg	

EM4 is a substance method of for  making feed by means of fermentation by providing probiotic ingredients, namely giving bacteria to fodder that has been clinically tested. EM4 is often referred to as a local organism molecule, which is a good bacterium that can help with digestion. EM4 is a fermented microorganism from liquid yellowish organic matter. Giving EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) in livestock plays a role in repairing microorganisms in the digestive system for animal health. The aroma of sweet and sour found in EM4 is favored by livestock so that the appetite and drinking increases. It is Ssafe for livestock because they do not contain chemicals.
The benefits of EM4 include:
a) Maintain a balance of beneficial microorganisms in the stomach of livestock
b) Improve the health of livestock
c) Meat quality of livestock increases
d) Reducing livestock mortality rates
e) Repair and maintain animal fertility
f) Eliminate odors in the enclosure area and in livestock manure
g) Reducing stress levels in livestock.
Processing rice straw with a fermentation process carried out by a simple method can increase protein content in rice straw. This process can improve the quality of the straw for alternative animal feed. So that in the dry season livestock still get proper food, and nutrition is still fulfilled.
The existence of this alternative animal feed counseling can help farmers and breeders in Padukuhan Tlogowarak in solving their problems. This extension is a means for farmers and breeders to be able to make an alternative animal feed with their own resources, namely by utilizing abundant rice straw when the harvest season comes.
CONCLUSION
The fermentation process of rice straw as an alternative animal feed can improve the quality of the straw. One of them was by making fermented rice straw. Processing of rice straw by means of fermentation is a process that is carried out biologically with the addition of microbes.
Making fermented rice straw also aims to increase the level of crude protein, avoiding straw from harmful microorganism contamination, because microorganisms that work in the process of making fermentation are microorganisms that are beneficial for digestion. So bBy making fermentation, rice straw is preferred by livestock so consumption and digestibility increase.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank you to Tlogowarak’s community who have participated and succeeded in the Making an Alternative Animal Feed program. Thank you to the Field Advisor who has guided us from the beginning to the end, and also thanks to fellow students who have worked hard together for the success of Making an Alternative Animal Feed program.
REFERENCE
Anonymous. 2016. Cara Fermentasi Jerami Padi Dengan Tetes Tebu. Accessed on September 18, 2018. www.peternakankita.com
Anonymous. 2017. Jerami Fermentasi Untuk Pakan Ternak. Accessed on July 27, 2018. www.peternakankita.com
Anonymous. 2018. Jerami Padi Fermentasi Untuk Pakan Ternak. Accessed on March 10, 2018. www.peternakankita.com
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Kecamatan Purwosari dalam angka. (2017). Yogyakarta: CV Taman Bunga.
Sebayang, Firman . 2006. Pembuatan etanol dari molase secara fermentasi menggunakan sel Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang terimobilisasi pada kalsium alginat (PDF). Jurnal Teknologi Proses. Departemen Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Sumatera Utara: 68–74. ISSN 1412-7814.
Sugiyanto, P. 2015. Panduan Pembuatan Pakan Fermentasi Untuk Ternak Kambing, Sapi Ternak Tidak Harus Ngarit Maupun Angon.