Frequency: 2 issues per year (June and December) Article per issue: (5 articles and 1 book review) per issue since vol. 12 no. 1 2024 DOI: 10.14421/al-mazaahib Language: English and Indonesia First Print Publication: 2012 First Online Publication: 2017 Duration: Approx. 90 days to first decision Acceptance Rate: 23% of total submission since 2017 Audience: Researcher, Legal scholars, Islamic Legal Scholars, Students, Practitioners Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum (published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Al-Mazaahib Research Center) specializes in the study of legal comparison or legal thought which contains scientific works related to thoughts in the field of law (state), customary law, and Islamic law. The existence of the Al-Mazaahib is certainly very important in exploring, enriching, and developing legal thoughts and theories. Thus, Al-Mazaahib Journal will make a positive contribution in enriching the treasures of thought in the field of law, especially on state law, Islamic law and customary law. This journal seeks to present the various results of the latest research, both conceptual-doctrinal and empirical in the field. The editors of “Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum” welcome contributions in the form of articles to be published after undergoing a manuscript selection mechanism, double-blind peer-review, and editing process. The editors invite Islamic lawyers, scholar, researchers and jurists to write or disseminate research results relating to the issues of Islamic law as well as positive law. Article does not reflect editorial opinion.
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The Evolution of the Islamic Calendar and The Role of Department of Islamic Development Malaysia: Insight and Implementation in Malaysia
This research explains the idea of an Islamic calendar system that grew in Malaysia as one of the Muslim countries that contributed to the falac science development in Southeast Asia. This article is a literature research with a historical approach to describe how the process of developing and adapting the Islamic calendar in Malaysia. The results shows that the system has changed five times, and the first period (before 1969-1986) used the Istilahi calendar. Meanwhile, the second (1986-1991) and third (19922-1994) periods used Ijtimak Hakiki and Ijtimak Wujudul Hilal. From 1995 to 2021, the fourth period used Imkanur Rukyat or Takwim Rukyat. In practice, the Imkanur Rukyat is similar to Imkanur Rukyat MABIMS (2,3,8). Since 1 Muharam 1443 H/2021, the fifth period employs a new criterion to determine the beginning of the lunar month, namely the MABIMS Hilal Neo-Visibility (3,6.4). Main efforts to unify the Islamic calendar in Malaysia are made by publishing the Hijri Almanac based on the MABIMS hilal visibility theory, which is used as an administrative and worship reference. The hilal observations are still carried out, and can change the dates in the almanac, as happened in the determination of beginning of Shawwal 1443 H/2022. Penelitian ini menguraikan gagasan sistem kalender Islam yang berkembang di Malaysia sebagai salah satu negara Muslim yang berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan ilmu falak di Asia Tenggara. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan historis untuk menggambarkan proses pengembangan dan adaptasi kalender Islam di Malaysia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tersebut telah mengalami lima kali perubahan, dan periode pertama (sebelum 1969–1986) menggunakan kalender Istilahi. Sementara itu, periode kedua (1986–1991) dan ketiga (1992–1994) menggunakan Ijtimak Hakiki dan Ijtimak Wujudul Hilal. Dari tahun 1995 hingga 2021, periode keempat menggunakan Imkanur Rukyat atau Takwim Rukyat. Dalam praktiknya, Imkanur Rukyat mirip dengan Imkanur Rukyat MABIMS (2,3,8). Sejak 1 Muharam 1443 H/2021, periode kelima menerapkan kriteria baru untuk menentukan awal bulan lunar, yaitu MABIMS Hilal Neo-Visibility (3,6.4). Upaya utama untuk menyatukan kalender Islam di Malaysia dilakukan dengan menerbitkan Almanak Hijriyah berdasarkan teori visibilitas hilal MABIMS, yang digunakan sebagai acuan administratif dan ibadah. Pengamatan hilal masih dilakukan, hasilnya dapat mengubah tanggal dalam almanak, sebagaimana kasus yang terjadi dalam penentuan awal Syawal 1443 H/2022 M.
Copyright (c) 2026 Susiknan Azhari, Shobahussurur Shobahussurur, Mohd. Saiful Anwar Mohd Nawawi, Taufiqurohman Taufiqurohman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Routledge Handbook of Global Islam and Consumer Culture
The Routledge Handbook of Global Islam and Consumer Culture, edited by Birgit Krawietz and François Gauthier, offers a comprehensive examination of the intersection between Islam, market dynamics, and consumer practices in the contemporary global era. The book’s interdisciplinary contributions demonstrate how Islamic values, authority, and socio-economic realities shape consumer culture across diverse contexts. By bringing together perspectives from law, anthropology, sociology, and religious studies, the volume examines critical themes such as halal markets, financial ethics, identity politics, and digital consumption. This review highlights the book’s strength in offering a nuanced account of Islam’s global entanglement with consumerism, while also pointing to the challenges of addressing regional diversities and normative debates within Islamic law. It concludes that the volume serves as an essential reference for scholars of Islamic law, economics, and cultural studies, enabling them to understand how faith and the market intertwine in contemporary Muslim societies. The Routledge Handbook of Global Islam and Consumer Culture yang dieditori oleh Birgit Krawietz dan François Gauthier menghadirkan eksplorasi komprehensif tentang persinggungan antara Islam, dinamika pasar, dan praktik konsumsi dalam era global. Kontribusi interdisipliner dalam buku ini menunjukkan bagaimana nilai-nilai Islam, otoritas keagamaan, serta realitas sosial-ekonomi membentuk budaya konsumsi di berbagai konteks. Dengan menggabungkan perspektif hukum, antropologi, sosiologi, dan studi agama, buku ini membahas tema-tema penting seperti pasar halal, etika keuangan, politik identitas, dan konsumsi digital. Review ini menyoroti kekuatan buku dalam menawarkan pemahaman mendalam mengenai keterhubungan global antara Islam dan konsumerisme, sekaligus mengkritisi tantangan dalam mengakomodasi keragaman regional serta perdebatan normatif dalam hukum Islam. Disimpulkan bahwa buku ini merupakan rujukan penting bagi akademisi hukum Islam, ekonomi, dan kajian budaya untuk memahami interaksi iman dan pasar dalam masyarakat Muslim kontemporer.
Copyright (c) 2025 A Hashfi Luthfi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ta’zir Punishment in the Mazhab Syafi’i and Its Application in Syariah Court of Brunei Darussalam
Ta’zir refers to discretionary punishments imposed for offences not covered by Hudud or Qisas. In Brunei Darussalam, ta’zir is codified under the Syariah Penal Code Order 2013 (SPCO 2013). This study examines the application of ta’zir punishments in Brunei Darussalam, focusing on the extent to which contemporary Syariah criminal practice reflects the principles of the Mazhab Syafi’i as the country’s official Mazhab. The main question addressed in this article concerns how classical Syafi’i Fiqh on ta’zir is translated into a modern, codified legal system and what tensions arise in this process. This research adopts a normative legal method, relying on doctrinal analysis of classical Syafi’i fiqh sources alongside Brunei’s Syariah criminal legislation and related legal documents. A comparative approach is employed to identify points of convergence and divergence between classical jurisprudence and contemporary judicial practice. The findings indicate that the implementation of ta’zir in Brunei is predominantly grounded in Syafi’i principles, particularly regarding judicial discretion, deterrence and the protection of public welfare. The originality of this study lies in its identification of Brunei’s ta’zir framework as a hybrid model that selectively adapts classical Syafi’i doctrine to contemporary governance requirements, contributing to broader discussions on the harmonization of Islamic Jurisprudence and modern criminal law.
Syariah Penal Code Order 2013 (SPCO 2013)
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Aqilah binti Othman, Cecep Soleh Kurniawan, Norasiah binti Haji Amai, Muhammad Zakir bin Husain, Muallimin Mochammad Sahid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Revitalizing the Role of Child Protection Institutions in Preventing Child Marriage in South Sulawesi: A Maqashid al-Syari‘ah Perspective
Child marriage in South Sulawesi remains a critical issue in public health and social development, despite previous studies on recent legal reforms. This research fills an academic gap by comprehensively evaluating the performance of the Child Protection Agency (LPA) in South Sulawesi through the lens of maqashid al-syari’ah, aiming to assess the effectiveness of the LPA and to formulate optimization strategies for its role in the region. Employing a mixed-methods approach—combining surveys and in-depth interviews—the findings reveal that community perceptions of LPA services (counseling, advocacy, and relevance) are generally positive. However, qualitative analysis using Sutrisno’s effectiveness theory uncovers a significant gap: the perceived success reflects service accessibility rather than substantive social impact. The core findings indicate that the effectiveness of the LPA in South Sulawesi is constrained by difficulties in reaching informal communities and the absence of a systematic early detection system for at-risk children. The implications of this analysis highlight the need for substantive strategic shifts grounded in maqashid al-syari’ah (emphasizing hifz al-nafs, hifz al-‘aql, and hifz al-nasl). These strategic shifts include enacting Regional Regulations (PERDA), expanding outreach by engaging religious and community leaders, strengthening early detection through cross-sectoral collaboration, and empowering local governments. Such comprehensive strategic reforms are essential to enhance the effectiveness of the LPA in South Sulawesi and to ensure greater protection for children. Perkawinan anak di Sulawesi Selatan tetap menjadi isu krusial dalam kesehatan masyarakat dan social, meskipun telah ada penelitian sebelumnya terhadap reformasi hukum terbaru. Penelitian ini mengisi kesenjangan akademik dalam mengevaluasi kinerja lembaga perlindungan anak (LPA) di Sulawesi selatan secara komprehensif melalui pendekatan maqashid al-syari’ah, dengan tujuan menilai efektivitas LPA di Sulawesi selatan serta merumuskan strategi optimalisasi peran LPA di Sulawesi selatan. Menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods, dengan metode survei dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil survei menunjukkan persepsi positif masyarakat terhadap layanan LPA (konseling, advokasi, dan relevansi). Namun, analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori efektivitas Sutrisno mengungkapkan adanya kesenjangan signifikan, keberhasilan yang dirasakan lebih merefleksikan aksesibilitas layanan daripada dampak sosial yang substantif. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas LPA di Sulawesi selatan terhambat oleh kesulitan menjangkau komunitas informal serta ketiadaan sistem deteksi dini yang sistematis bagi anak-anak berisiko. Implikasi dari analisis ini menekankan perlunya pergeseran strategi substantif yang berlandaskan maqashid al-syari’ah, (menekankan hifz al-nafs, hifz al-‘aql, dan hifz al-nasl). Pergeseran tersebut mencakup pembentukan Peraturan Daerah (PERDA), perluasan jangkauan dengan melibatkan tokoh agama dan masyarakat, penguatan deteksi dini melalui kolaborasi lintas sektor, serta pemberdayaan pemerintah daerah. Pergeseran strategis yang komprehensif ini diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas LPA Sulawesi selatan dan memastikan perlindungan yang lebih optimal bagi anak-anak.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syahabuddin, Mustafa, Hamzah, Firdaus, Muhammad Suyuthy R, Ma’adul Yaqien Makkaratteng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal And Socio-Economic Issues of Islamic Banking System in Uganda: Learning From The Indonesian Experience
The development of the Islamic Banking System tends to provide an opportunity for Uganda to diversify its financial system embedded in Sharia principles. Furthermore, it suffices to state that the introduction of the Islamic banking system in Uganda is considered one of the forceful moves in attaining economic development, growth, and facilitating transactions. However, given the early stage of the Islamic banking institution in Uganda, there are legal and socio-economic issues that tend to pose challenges to the smooth operation of the Islamic Banking System. This is concerning the fact that absence of a specific regulatory framework, ambiguity or indistinctness in the current laws regulating Islamic banking, Inadequate banking infrastructure, and lack of public awareness, seem to threaten its viability, hence, the need to draw lessons from Indonesia’s well-established Islamic banking system. Hence, the study examines the legal and socio-economic issues concerning the Islamic banking system in Uganda with a view of learning from the Indonesian experience. In this regard, primary and secondary sources of material such as laws and academic literature were extensively reviewed. The data obtained were analysed through a descriptive and analytical approach. The study found that in Uganda there is no specific regulatory framework for the Islamic banking system, and the current laws on Islamic banking in Uganda are ambiguous and complex. Furthermore, the study also found that a lack of awareness of the Islamic bank's method of operation and inadequate infrastructure could affect its viability. However, in Indonesia, the Islamic Banking system has made great strides given its well-organized banking system over the years. The study further concludes and recommends proactive regulatory clarity and resolution of socio-economic challenges concerning the Islamic Banking System in Uganda learning from the Indonesia experience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muwaffiq Jufri, Paul Atagamen Aidonojie, Saiful Abdullah, Obieshi Eregbuonye, Collins Ekpenisi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Towards the Reconstruction and Reinterpretation of al-Kulliyyāt al-Khams: A Study of Maqāṣid in the Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies Master's Program at UIN Sunan Kalijaga
This article aims to examine the research trends on Maqāṣid Sharī'ah topics within the Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies Master's Program at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. This study is significant for developing Maqāsid Shariah studies in state Islamic universities. The research method employed is a literature study, utilizing data from student theses on the topic of Maqāsid Shariah to reveal trends in studies over a six-year period from 2018 to 2023. The results indicate that student theses tend to focus on the following topics: (1) studies of the thoughts of Maqāsid figures, (2) thematic fiqh studies from a Maqāsid perspective, (3) legal studies from a Maqāsid Shariah perspective, (4) public policy studies related to Maqāsid, and (5) Maqāsid approaches to interpreting Quranic verses. Their studies successfully initiated a new discourse in Maqāsid research within the Indonesian context through the development of: The hifz al-mithāq discourse regarding the disbandment of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia; The hifz al-khuṣūṣiyah discourse concerning the issue of personal data protection in the Draft Law on Personal Data Protection; and The hifz al-mujtama' discourse within the discussion of Islamic legal dialogue in a pluralistic society in Kaloran. In conclusion, the Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies Master's Program develops Maqasid al-Shari'ah studies by reconstructing and reinterpreting al-Kulliyāt al-Khams, while actively incorporating the dynamic Islamic and Indonesian discourses. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tren penelitian bertopik Maqāsid Syariah pada Program Magister Interdiscipliner Islamic Studies UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Kajian ini penting untuk mengembangkan kajian Maqāsid Syariah di Perguruan Tinggi Islam Negeri. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian literatur dengan data berupa tesis mahasiswa bertema maqasid syariah untuk mengungkap tren studi selama enam tahun 2018-2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, kecenderungan penelitian tesis mahasiswa terfokus pada topik penelitian berikut: (1) kajian pemikiran tokoh maqasid; (2) kajian fikih tematik dengan perspektif maqāsid; (3) kajian yuridis hukum dengan perspektif maqāsid syariah (4) kajian kebijakan publik terkait maqāsid dan (5) kajian maqāsid sebagai pendekatan penafsiran ayat-ayat al-Quran. Studi mereka berhasil melahirkan wacana baru dalam kajian maqāsid dalam konteks Indonesia melalui pengembangan wacana hifz al-mitsāq dalam konteks pembubaran Hitbut Tahrir di Indonesia, wacana hifz al-khusūsiyah pada isu perlindungan data pribadi dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi dan wacana hifz al-mujtama' pada diskursus dialog hukum Islam dalam masyarakat majemuk di Kaloran. Dalam konteks ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa studi maqasid syariah di Program Magister Interdiscipliner Islamic Studies mengembangkan studi maqasid melalui rekonstruksi dan reinterpretasi kulliyat al-khams dengan mempertimbangkan wacana keislaman dan keindonesiaan yang dinamis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Moh. Mufid http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social Legitimacy versus State Legal Certainty: The Dialectics of Kiai Marriages as Living Law in Dusun Pondok Asem, Kertasemaya, Indramayu
The practice of unregistered marriages in the tradition of kiai marriages in Dusun Pondok Asem, Kertasemaya Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency, is still rampant even though marriage regulations have been strictly regulated through Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). This phenomenon shows the gap between state law and local traditions that continue to be practiced by the local community. This study aims to describe the legal status of Kiai marriage according to customary law and state law, compare the recognition of both, and show the implications of legal pluralism in marriage practices in Indonesia. This research uses a juridical-empirical approach with a theoretical framework for legal pluralism. Primary data was obtained through interviews with lebe, traditional leaders, village officials, and kiai marriage practitioners, while secondary data was obtained from legislation, KHI, and related academic literature. The analysis was conducted qualitatively using a comparative model between customary and state law. The results of the study show the existence of dualism in recognition. Customary law recognizes Kiai marriages as valid because they fulfill the requirements of Islamic marriage and obtain social legitimacy, so that children born from these marriages receive full recognition. Conversely, state law does not recognize marriages not officially registered at the Office of Religious Affairs, so these marriages do not have strong legal force. The novelty of this research lies in its attempt to reveal the dialectic between social legitimacy as living law and formal legal certainty as the main principle of state law. This dialectic shows the reality of legal pluralism in Indonesia, emphasizing the need for harmonization so that customary law and state law can work more synergistically. Praktik nikah siri dalam tradisi kawin kiai di Dusun Pondok Asem, Kecamatan Kertasemaya, Kabupaten Indramayu masih marak dilakukan meskipun regulasi perkawinan telah diatur secara tegas melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). Fenomena ini menunjukkan adanya jarak antara ketentuan hukum negara dan tradisi lokal yang tetap dijalankan masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan status hukum kawin kiai menurut hukum adat dan hukum negara, membandingkan pengakuan keduanya, serta menunjukkan implikasi pluralisme hukum dalam praktik perkawinan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-empiris dengan kerangka teori pluralisme hukum. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan lebe, tokoh adat, aparat desa, dan pelaku kawin kiai, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari peraturan perundang-undangan, KHI, serta literatur akademik terkait. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan model komparasi antara hukum adat dan hukum negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya dualisme pengakuan. Hukum adat mengakui kawin kiai sebagai sah karena memenuhi rukun nikah Islam dan memperoleh legitimasi sosial, sehingga anak hasil perkawinan mendapatkan pengakuan penuh. Sebaliknya, hukum negara tidak mengakui perkawinan yang tidak tercatat resmi di Kantor Urusan Agama, sehingga perkawinan tersebut tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum yang kuat. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada upaya menyingkap dialektika antara legitimasi sosial sebagai living law dan kepastian hukum formal yang menjadi prinsip utama hukum negara. Dialektika ini memperlihatkan realitas pluralisme hukum di Indonesia, sekaligus menegaskan perlunya harmonisasi agar hukum adat dan hukum negara dapat berjalan lebih sinergis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lulu Ul Jannah, Inna Fauziatal Ngazizah, Abdurrohman Kasdi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mining Concession Policy for Religious Organizations in Indonesia: An Analysis of Vertical Inconsistencies in the Norm Hierarchy Framework
This article examines inconsistencies in legal policies granting mining concessions to religious organizations in Indonesia. The legal issue is the inconsistency between Article 75, paragraph 3, of Law Number 3 of 2020 and Article 83A, paragraph 1, of Government Regulation Number 25 of 2024. The IUPK has been granted to a number of religious organizations that meet the qualifications, such as NU, Muhammadiyah, KWI, PHDI, and Walubi. This normative legal research uses legal and conceptual approaches, analyzing primary and secondary legal material through the study of documents and literature. The results of the study show that norm inconsistency arises from hyperregulation, the lack of harmonization of regulatory hierarchies, and sectoral egos in the legislative process. The legal implications include legal uncertainty, potential judicial review, loss of public trust, and confusion in the mining industry licensing process. This study contributes to understanding the normative inconsistencies between hierarchical legal regulations and their juridical implications, and provides recommendations for regulatory reform through strengthened harmonization and adherence to the principles of legislative hierarchy. The study's findings highlight the urgent need for regulatory alignment to ensure legal certainty and protect the public interest in the management of natural resources. Artikel ini mengkaji inkonsistensi kebijakan hukum yang memberikan konsesi pertambangan kepada organisasi keagamaan di Indonesia. Permasalahan hukum yang dihadapi adalah ketidaksesuaian antara Pasal 75 ayat 3 UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 dan Pasal 83A ayat 1 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 25 Tahun 2024. Pemberian IUPK telah diberikan kepada sejumlah organisasi keagamaan yang telah memenuhi kualifikasi seperti NU, Muhammadiyah, KWI, PHDI dan Walubi. Penelitian hukum normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum dan konseptual, menganalisis materi hukum primer dan sekunder melalui studi dokumen dan literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inkonsistensi norma terjadi karena hiperregulasi, kurangnya harmonisasi hierarki regulasi, dan ego sektoral dalam proses legislasi. Implikasi hukum termasuk ketidakpastian hukum, potensi judicial review, hilangnya kepercayaan publik, dan kebingungan dalam proses perizinan industri pertambangan. Studi ini berkontribusi untuk memahami inkonsistensi normatif antara peraturan hukum hierarkis dan implikasi yuridisnya, memberikan rekomendasi untuk reformasi regulasi melalui proses harmonisasi yang diperkuat dan kepatuhan terhadap prinsip-prinsip hierarki legislatif. Temuan studi ini menyoroti kebutuhan mendesak untuk penyelarasan peraturan untuk memastikan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan kepentingan publik dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Barok Pratama, Aisyah Mutia Firdaus, Anindya Aryu Inayati, Nasrulhaq Nasrulhaq http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Language Politics and Fiqh’s Authority on Qur'anic Reinterpretation in Indonesian Translation Practices
The book Qur'an Translation in Indonesia: Scriptural Politics in a Multilingual State edited by Johanna Pink offers an interdisciplinary analysis of Qur'anic translation practices in Indonesia within the framework of language politics, religious authority, and the articulation of Islamic law (fiqh). Through a variety of historical and contemporary case studies, the book highlights how Qur'ānic translations serve not only as educative tools, but also as instruments of legal orthodoxy through state intervention, school of thought preferences and local dynamics. The review focuses on the aspects of Islamic law that emerge in the choice of diction, the influence of schools of fiqh, and the relationship between tafsir, fatwa, and translation-based legal products. It is concluded that Qur'an translation in Indonesia is a semi-normative practice that is loaded with ideological, legal, and political content, and has a significant impact on the construction of Islamic understanding in contemporary Indonesian Muslim society. Buku Qur’an Translation in Indonesia: Scriptural Politics in a Multilingual State yang disunting oleh Johanna Pink menawarkan analisis interdisipliner mengenai praktik penerjemahan Al-Qur’an di Indonesia dalam bingkai politik bahasa, otoritas keagamaan, dan artikulasi hukum Islam (fikih). Melalui berbagai studi kasus historis dan kontemporer, buku ini menyoroti bagaimana terjemahan Al-Qur’an tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai sarana edukatif, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen pembakuan ortodoksi hukum melalui intervensi negara, preferensi mazhab, dan dinamika lokal. Review ini memfokuskan pada aspek hukum Islam yang muncul dalam pemilihan diksi, pengaruh mazhab fikih, serta relasi antara tafsir, fatwa, dan produk hukum berbasis terjemahan. Disimpulkan bahwa penerjemahan Al-Qur’an di Indonesia merupakan praktik semi-normatif yang sarat dengan muatan ideologis, hukum, dan politik, serta memiliki dampak signifikan dalam konstruksi pemahaman keislaman masyarakat Muslim Indonesia kontemporer.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ulul Albab Musaffa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Equitable Maritime Law Policy: A Study of the Blue Constitution and Environmental Fiqh Regarding Land Use Rights in Tangerang, Banten
Environmental issues in Indonesia reveal signs of an ecological crisis that directly impacts humanity as the stewards of the earth. This situation is evident in the state’s failure to uphold ecological justice, as seen in extractivist practices such as the construction of a sea wall in Tangerang–Banten. The case of Building Use Rights (HGB) permits in this marine area indicates a disregard for the state’s constitutional obligation to protect environmental sustainability and potentially deviates from state and religious norms. This study aims to examine the political character of environmental law in the HGB permitting policy for the bamboo seawall in Tangerang–Banten using the “blue constitution” and environmental fiqh as analytical tools. The approach used is socio-normative through content analysis of legislation, Constitutional Court rulings, and environmental fiqh literature. The results of the study indicate that the granting of HGB to private parties in the marine area constitutes a deviation from constitutional norms, as it has the potential to privatize marine space—a practice explicitly rejected in Constitutional Court Ruling No. 3/PUU-VIII/2010. From an environmental fiqh perspective, such actions contradict the prohibition against destruction (ifsād) as stated in QS. al-A‘rāf: 56 and the principles of hifz al-bi’ah. Environmental fiqh in this study does not rely on maslahah mursalah, but rather on maslahah mu‘tabarah, which is reinforced by sharia evidences regarding the obligation to preserve ecosystem sustainability. The integration of the blue constitution concept and environmental fiqh provides an analytical framework for evaluating policies in a more eco-centric manner, viewing the sea not merely as an economic space, but as an ecological entity that possesses the right to protection. The implications of this study underscore the need for a licensing policy design that is more socially and ecologically just and consistent with the constitutional mandate and the principle of hifz al-bi’ah in Islamic law. Persoalan lingkungan hidup di Indonesia menunjukkan gejala krisis ekologis yang berdampak langsung pada kemanusiaan sebagai penjaga bumi. Kondisi tersebut tampak pada absennya negara dalam menjalankan peran menjaga keadilan ekologis, sebagaimana terlihat dalam praktik ekstraktivisme melalui pembangunan pagar laut di Tangerang–Banten. Kasus perizinan Hak Guna Bangunan (HGB) pada wilayah laut tersebut menunjukkan adanya pengabaian terhadap kewajiban konstitusional negara untuk melindungi kelestarian lingkungan serta berpotensi menyimpang dari norma negara dan agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji karakter politik hukum lingkungan dalam kebijakan perizinan HGB pagar bambu di Tangerang-Banten dengan menggunakan blue constitution dan fikih lingkungan sebagai alat analisis. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah sosio-normatif melalui analisis konten terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, serta literatur fikih lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian HGB kepada pihak swasta di wilayah laut merupakan bentuk penyimpangan norma konstitusi, karena berpotensi memprivatisasi ruang laut yang secara tegas ditolak dalam Putusan MK No. 3/PUU-VIII/2010. Dari perspektif fikih lingkungan, tindakan tersebut bertentangan dengan larangan perusakan (ifsād) sebagaimana termaktub dalam QS. al-A‘rāf: 56 dan prinsip-prinsip hifz al-bi’ah. Fikih lingkungan dalam penelitian ini tidak bertumpu pada maslahah mursalah, melainkan pada maslahah mu‘tabarah yang diperkuat oleh dalil-dalil syar‘i mengenai kewajiban menjaga kelestarian ekosistem. Integrasi konsep blue constitution dan fikih lingkungan menyediakan kerangka analitis untuk menilai kebijakan secara lebih ekosentris, memandang laut bukan semata ruang ekonomi, tetapi entitas ekologis yang memiliki hak untuk dilindungi. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya desain kebijakan perizinan yang lebih adil secara sosial-ekologis serta konsisten dengan mandat konstitusi dan prinsip hifz al-bi’ah dalam hukum Islam.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dhika Tabrozi, Siti Fatimah, Muhammad Adib Alfarisi, Misbahul Mujib, Ratnasari Fajariya Abidin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Women's Leadership in the Indonesian Constitutional System and Islamic Law
This research elaborates on the power politics prevailing in Indonesia regarding women's leadership in the public sphere in Indonesia. Without realizing it, the patriarchal culture that lives in society makes women marginalized so that women are often neglected, including their rights in public leadership. This research utilizes a phenomenological approach to give meaning to the phenomenon of women's leadership in the public sphere. In addition, the legislative approach is also presented to capture and analyze regulations that open and close access for women in the public sphere. This article concludes that a woman is someone who has the right to organize and influence or organize society to achieve the goals of a country. The existence of several regulations in Indonesia that open space for women to take part in public leadership makes Indonesia an egalitarian country that provides equal and balanced rights for men and women to occupy strategic positions in the public sphere. This research found that women have the right to leadership in the public sphere just like men. Likewise, in the discourse of Islamic law, leadership is not monopolized by men but women can fill it as well as men. Penelitian ini mengelaborasi politik kekuasaan yang berlaku di Indonesia terkait kepemimpinan perempuan di ranah publik di Indonesia. Tanpa disadari, budaya patriarki yang hidup di masyarakat menjadikan perempuan termarginalkan sehingga perempuan seringkali terabaikan hak-haknya termasuk hak dalam kepemimpinan publik. Penelitian ini menginstrumentasikan pendekatan fenomenologi yang hendak memberikan makna terhadap fenomena kepemimpinan perempuan di ranah publik. Disamping itu, pendekatan perundang-undangan juga dihadirkan guna memotret dan menganalisis peraturan-peraturan yang membuka dan menutup akses bagi perempuan di ranah publik. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa perempuan adalah seseorang yang berhak untuk mengatur dan mempengaruhi atau mengatur masyarakat untuk mencapai tujuan suatu negara. Adanya beberapa peraturan di Indonesia yang membuka ruang bagi perempuan untuk andil dalam kepemimpinan publik menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara egaliter yang memberikan hak yang sama dan seimbang bagi laki-laki dan perempuan untuk menduduki posisi strategis di ranah publik. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perempuan memiliki hak kepemimpinan di ruang publik seperti halnya laki-laki. Begitupun dalam diskursus hukum Islam, kepemimpinan tidak dimonopoli kaum laki-laki namun perempuan bisa mengisinya juga sebaimana laki-laki.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erwin Syahruddin, Adi Nur Rohman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penyimpangan Praktik Pernikahan Semarga dalam Adat Batak Mandailing di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal (Realitas, Faktor Penyebab, dan Pergeseran Norma)
The prohibition of marriage within the same clan (marga) in Batak Mandailing tradition is traditionally forbidden as it is considered a form of consanguineous marriage based on patrilineal descent and is not recognized by customary law. However, with the passage of time, there has been a shift in meaning and changes in societal attitudes towards this prohibition, particularly in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra. This study explores the factors influencing the shift in societal attitudes towards this prohibition, as well as its implications for customary law and cultural identity. Employing a qualitative approach with descriptive and comparative methods, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the prohibition aims to preserve lineage and prevent sibling marriages; however, instances of intra-clan marriages are beginning to occur due to factors such as love, religion, education, economy, and cultural changes. The novelty of this research lies in the identification of new factors influencing the shift in societal attitudes, as well as the challenges posed by the younger generation to traditional norms. These findings provide new insights into the transformation of customary law and cultural identity in a modern context. Perkawinan satu marga dalam adat Batak Mandailing secara tradisional dilarang karena dianggap sebagai bentuk perkawinan sedarah dari garis keturunan ayah (patrilineal) dan tidak diakui secara adat. Namun, seiring perkembangan zaman, terjadi pergeseran makna dan perubahan sikap masyarakat terhadap larangan ini, khususnya di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pergeseran sikap masyarakat terhadap larangan tersebut, serta implikasinya terhadap hukum adat dan identitas budaya. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan komparatif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larangan ini bertujuan menjaga silsilah dan menghindari perkawinan antar saudara, namun praktik perkawinan semarga mulai terjadi karena faktor cinta, agama, pendidikan, ekonomi, dan perubahan budaya. Novelty penelitian ini terletak pada identifikasi faktor-faktor baru yang mempengaruhi perubahan sikap masyarakat, serta tantangan generasi muda terhadap norma tradisional. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan baru tentang transformasi hukum adat dan identitas budaya dalam konteks modern.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Yusuf Rangkuti, Muhammad Hafizh, Mohd Zaidi Daud http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Harmonisation of Dayak Customary Sanctions with Islamic Law: The Case Study of Dimly Lit Cafe in West Kalimantan
There are contradictions between the customary norms of the Dayak community and the phenomenon of dimly lit cafes in Sajingan Besar, West Kalimantan, which are often associated with deviant activities such as the sale of alcohol and hidden prostitution. On the one hand, the Dayak community imposes customary sanctions as a form of enforcement of local social and cultural norms; on the other hand, there has been no in-depth study to assess the extent to which these sanctions are consistent with the principles of Islamic law. The purpose of this article is to analyze the view of Islamic law on Dayak customary sanctions on the existence of dimly lit cafes and to explore the potential synergy between the two in maintaining morality and public order.This type of research is qualitative research with a normative sociological approach. Data sources consisted of primary data in the form of interviews with traditional leaders and local scholars, and secondary data in the form of Islamic literature, customary law, and social regulations. Data collection techniques were conducted through literature review and in-depth interviews, while data analysis techniques used descriptive-qualitative methods with content analysis and interpretive approaches. The results show that there are similarities between Dayak customary sanctions and Islamic legal principles, especially in terms of the purpose of maintaining social order and upholding moral norms. The novelty of this study lies in the comparative analysis between customary sanctioning mechanisms and the concept of hisbah in Islam, which have rarely been studied simultaneously in the local context of the Indonesia-Malaysia border. This research contributes to strengthening cross-cultural and religious understanding in upholding social norms, as well as providing positive implications for the formulation of local policies based on local wisdom values and Islamic principles in creating a harmonious society. Kontradiksi muncul antara norma adat masyarakat Dayak dan fenomena keberadaan café remang-remang di Sajingan Besar, Kalimantan Barat, yang sering dikaitkan dengan aktivitas menyimpang seperti peredaran minuman keras dan prostitusi terselubung. Di satu sisi, masyarakat Dayak memberlakukan sanksi adat sebagai bentuk penegakan norma sosial dan budaya lokal; di sisi lain, belum ada kajian mendalam yang menilai sejauh mana sanksi tersebut selaras dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pandangan hukum Islam terhadap sanksi adat Dayak atas keberadaan café remang-remang serta menggali potensi sinergi antara keduanya dalam menjaga moralitas dan ketertiban masyarakat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif-sosiologis. Sumber data terdiri dari data primer berupa wawancara dengan tokoh adat dan ulama setempat, serta data sekunder berupa literatur keislaman, hukum adat, dan regulasi sosial. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan wawancara, sementara teknik analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis isi dan interpretatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat titik temu antara sanksi adat Dayak dan prinsip hukum Islam, terutama dalam hal tujuan menjaga ketertiban sosial dan menegakkan norma moral. Kebaruan dari studi ini terletak pada analisis komparatif antara mekanisme sanksi adat dan konsep hisbah dalam Islam, yang selama ini jarang dieksplorasi secara bersamaan dalam konteks lokal perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperkuat pemahaman lintas budaya dan agama dalam penegakan norma sosial, serta memberikan implikasi positif bagi perumusan kebijakan lokal yang berbasis pada nilai kearifan lokal dan prinsip-prinsip Islam dalam menciptakan masyarakat yang harmonis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asman Asman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mengungkap Dinamika Hukum Islam: Telaah Kritis terhadap An Introduction to Islamic Law Karya Wael B. Hallaq"
An Introduction to Islamic Law by Wael B. Hallaq offers a critical review of the evolution of Islamic law from the classical period to the modern era. The book summarizes Hallaq's broader work, Sharīʿa: Theory, Practice, Transformations, with a focus on simplifying concepts to make them accessible to general readers. In his study, Hallaq highlights how Sharia developed historically as a flexible legal system based on the interpretation of scholars, before undergoing drastic changes due to colonialism and modernity. The first part of the book discusses the foundations of Islamic law, including the role of the legal school, legal education, and the interaction of law with society and politics in pre-modern systems of government. Hallaq explained that in the traditional context, Islamic law is not just a written rule, but also reflects moral and social values. The second part highlights how the modern state and colonialism changed Islamic law, limiting its application to the realm of family law, as well as weakening the role of the ulama as the main legal authority. Hallaq criticizes how the modern state tries to fit Islamic law within the framework of a secular legal system, which often ignores the moral and social aspects of Sharia. This book contributes to academic discussion by offering a new perspective on the relationship between Islamic law and the modern state. With a historical and analytical approach, Hallaq not only debunks misconceptions about Islamic law, but also invites readers to consider its relevance in today's social and political context. An Introduction to Islamic Law karya Wael B. Hallaq menawarkan tinjauan kritis mengenai evolusi hukum Islam dari masa klasik hingga era modern. Buku ini merangkum karya Hallaq yang lebih luas, Sharīʿa: Theory, Practice, Transformations, dengan fokus pada penyederhanaan konsep agar dapat diakses oleh pembaca umum. Dalam kajiannya, Hallaq menyoroti bagaimana Syariah berkembang secara historis sebagai sistem hukum yang fleksibel dan berbasis pada interpretasi para ulama, sebelum mengalami perubahan drastis akibat kolonialisme dan modernitas. Bagian pertama buku ini membahas fondasi hukum Islam, termasuk peran mazhab hukum, pendidikan hukum, dan interaksi hukum dengan masyarakat serta politik dalam sistem pemerintahan pra-modern. Hallaq menjelaskan bahwa dalam konteks tradisional, hukum Islam bukan hanya sekadar aturan tertulis, tetapi juga mencerminkan nilai-nilai moral dan sosial. Bagian kedua menyoroti bagaimana negara modern dan kolonialisme mengubah hukum Islam, membatasi penerapannya hanya dalam ranah hukum keluarga, serta melemahkan peran ulama sebagai otoritas hukum utama. Hallaq mengkritik bagaimana negara modern mencoba menyesuaikan hukum Islam dalam kerangka sistem hukum sekuler, yang sering kali mengabaikan aspek moral dan sosial dari Syariah. Buku ini berkontribusi dalam diskusi akademik dengan menawarkan perspektif baru mengenai hubungan antara hukum Islam dan negara modern. Dengan pendekatan historis dan analitis, Hallaq tidak hanya membongkar kesalahpahaman tentang hukum Islam, tetapi juga mengajak pembaca untuk mempertimbangkan relevansinya dalam konteks sosial dan politik saat ini.
Copyright (c) 2024 Inna Fauzi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Minangkabau Tribal Asset Management in Amlak Shirkah for Migrant Tribe Members from the Perspective Fiqh Muamalah
This study discusses the ownership system and management of joint assets for clan members who are abroad. According to the Minangkabau Matrilineal tradition, each clan member has the right to own and manage joint assets, but the rights of migrants as one of its members are still unclear in terms of joint ownership boundaries and tend to be objects of dispute. This research is a qualitative with a phenomenological approach in the realm of Minangkabau customs, especially the Tigo Balai Nagari. Primary data sources from members of the tribe who have the right to hold customary land, as well as to the tribal grandfather/mamak who controls customary land. Secondary sources are the nagari community around the village where the object of research is. This Article uses in-depth interviews with interview guidelines, while the key instrument is the researcher himself. Then we use observation techniques to guide data acquisition. Data validity technique by triangulation of sources. Qualitative descriptive data analysis technique. The results found that clan members who are abroad still have ownership rights to the joint property as long as they are still members of the clan or tribe, while regarding the management rights only to their sisters who are in their hometowns. The conclusion is that joint ownership in the Minangkabau customary perspective has the same right to manage the joint property. In terms of fiqh muamalah, shirkah property only applies to management and can be transferred, especially in the management only in the name of the migrant clan member. Penelitian ini membahas tentang sistem kepemilikan serta pengelolaan harta bersama bagi anggota klan yang berada di perantauan. Secara adat Matrilineal Minangkabau, setiap anggota klan memiliki hak untuk memiliki dan menggelola harta bersama namun hak perantau sebagai salah satu anggotanya masih belum ditemui titik terangnya secara batas kepemilikan bersama dan cendrung menjadi objek yang dipertikaian. Artikel ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi di ranah adat Minangkabau, khususnya Nagari Tigo Balai. Sumber data primer dari anggota kaum suku yang memiliki hak pemegang tanah ulayat, serta kepada datuk/mamak suku di Nagari. Sumber sekunder berupa masyarakat nagari di sekitar perkampungan di tempat objek penelitian. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dengan alat pedoman wawancara, sedangkan instrument kunci adalah peneliti sendiri. Kemudian menggunakan teknik observasi dalam memandu perolehan data. Teknik keabsahan data secara trianggulasi sumber. Teknik analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil yang ditemukan bahwa para anggota klan yang berada di perantauan tetap memiliki hak milik terhadap harta bersama tersebut sepanjang mereka masih menjadi anggota klan atau suku, sedangkan mengenai hak pengelolaannya hanya pada saudarinya yang berada di kampung halaman. Kesimpulannya bahwa kepemilikan bersama dalam prespektif adat Minangkabau sama-sama berhak untuk mengolah harta bersama tersebut. Secara fikih muamalah, harta shirkah hanya berlaku pada pengelolaan saja serta dapat dipindahtangankan khususnya pada pengelolaanya saja atas nama perantau.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farida Arianti, Evra Willya, Alvi Husni, Zulkifli, Zulfikor, Aulia Alfitri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ijtihad Maqashid Sharia in the Thought of Asy-Syatibi and Muhammad At-Tahir Ibn Ashur
The study of ijtihad in maqashid shariah within the thoughts of asy-Syatibi and Ibn Ashur contains a rational intellectual substance. However, previous studies have not fully explored asy-Syatibi and Ibn Ashur’s perspectives in elaborating the methodological foundations of maqashid shariah. This study employs a qualitative approach through a literature review on the thoughts of asy-Syatibi and Ibn Ashur regarding maqashid shariah, utilizing content analysis as its research method. The primary data is sourced from al-Muwafaqat and Maqashid al-Shariah al-Islamiyyah. Meanwhile, secondary data is derived from texts that correlate with the maqashid perspectives of both scholars. The data is then analyzed to understand the epistemological framework of asy-Syatibi and Ibn Ashur’s ijtihad. The findings of this study reveal that Asy-Syatibi argues that the implementation of shariah for mukallaf aims to achieve maslahah in relation to religious well-being and sustenance in worldly life. Asy-Syatibi mapped the core principles of the maslahah framework onto the five primary necessities (ad-dharuriyyat al-khams). Flexibility in worship is positioned as a secondary need, while the cultivation of akhlaq al-karimah serves as a complementary element in achieving the objectives of maqashid shariah. Meanwhile, Ibn Ashur’s concept of maqashid shariah distinguishes between maslahah that is general and maslahah that is specific. Maslahah ‘ammah presents a framework that categorizes needs into primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Meanwhile, maslahah khassah focuses on specific benefits for individuals, encompassing worship (ibadah), transactions (mu‘amalat), family law, and criminal law. The concept of ibadah aims to purify both the soul and body, while mu‘amalat seeks to establish justice in individual rights within social contracts. Family law serves to protect the rights of the husband, wife, and children, whereas criminal law is designed to uphold justice. The concept of maqashid shariah proposed by asy-Syatibi and Ibn Ashur serves as a bridge and provides solutions to contemporary challenges related to modern issues and Islamic law. Kajian ijtihad maqashid syariah dalam pemikiran asy-Syatibi dan Ibnu Asyur memuat substansi pemikiran yang rasional. Namun, penelitian terdahulu belum sepenuhnya membahas pemikiran asy-Syatibi dan Ibnu Asyur dalam mengelaborasi landasan metodologis maqashid syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berupa studi pustaka terkait pemikiran maqashid syariah asy-Syatibi dan Ibnu Asyur dan metode analisis konten. Data primer bersumber dari kitab al-Muwafaqat dan Maqashid Syariah al-Islamiyyah. Sedangkan data sekunder lainnya bersumber dari teks yang memiliki korelasi dalam maqashid kedua tokoh tersebut. Data kemudian dianalisis untuk memahami kerangka epistemologis dari pemikiran asy-Syatibi dan Ibnu Asyur dalam berijtihad. Hasil kajian ini menemukan bahwa asy-Syatibi berpendapat pemberian syariat kepada mukalaf bertujuan untuk mewujudkan maslahah dirinya pada kemaslahatan agama dan keberlangsungan hidupnya di dunia. Asy-Syatibi memetakan pokok pemikiran maslahahnya pada lima kebutuhan primer (ad-dharuriyyat al-khams). Keringanan dalam beribadah diposisikan sebagai kebutuhan sekunder dan tercipatnya akhlaqul-karimah sebagai penyempurna maqashid syariah. Sedangkan gagasan maqashid syariah oleh Ibnu Asyur menunjukkan adanya maslahah yang bersifat umum dan bersifat khusus. Maslahah ‘ammah menawarkan konsep kebutuhan primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Maslahah khassah menawarkan konsep kemaslahatan secara khusus bagi individu yang terdiri atas ibadah, muamalat, hukum keluarga, dan hukum pidana. Konsepsi ibadah bertujuan untuk membersihkan jiwa dan raga manusia, muamalat bertujuan untuk menciptakan keadilan pada hak-hak individu dalam kontrak sosial, hukum keluarga melindungi hak suami, istri serta anak, dan hukum pidana bertujuan untuk menegakkan keadilan. Gagasan maqashid syariah yang diutarakan oleh asy-Syatibi dan Ibnu Asyur mampu menjembatani dan menjawab tantangan zaman yang berkaitan dengan problem modern dan hukum Islam.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhika Tabrozi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Child Adoption in Modern Islamic Family Law: A Comparative Study of Child Adoption in Turkey, Morocco, and Indonesia
One of the academic gaps in the study of child adoption in Muslim-majority countries lies in the diverse interpretations and applications of Islamic law, particularly in balancing religious principles with modern legal frameworks. While adoption is widely practiced, its legal recognition and implementation vary significantly across Muslim countries. This study focuses on the adoption regulations in Morocco, Turkey, and Indonesia, three countries that represent distinct approaches to integrating Islamic family law with national legal. This research is a library study, using a juridical-normative approach to examine literature and related national regulations. The article is discussed comparatively, referring to the theory of Prof. Mr. Lodewijk Wilem Christian van den Berg (1845-1927), a Dutch legal scholar who argued that Islamic law should fully apply to all Muslims. The findings indicate consistency with Anderson's perspective on the reform of Islamic law. Differences in the regulation of child adoption in Turkey, Morocco, and Indonesia reflect varying interpretations and implementations of Islamic law in different Muslim countries. Turkey has undergone the most significant changes by adopting a more secular legal system, while Morocco has reformed family law to maintain fundamental Islamic principles with adjustments to meet modern societal needs. Indonesia continues to uphold many traditional aspects of Islamic law in adoption regulations, despite efforts to protect the rights of adopted children in accordance with the best interests of the child principle. This study contributes to the understanding of the flexibility of Islamic law in adapting to modernity and its implications for child rights protection. The findings can serve as a reference for policymakers in designing more inclusive regulations aligned with the best interests of the child. Salah satu kesenjangan akademik dalam studi tentang pengangkatan anak di negara-negara mayoritas Muslim terletak pada beragamnya interpretasi dan penerapan hukum Islam, terutama dalam menyeimbangkan prinsip-prinsip keagamaan dengan kerangka hukum modern. Meskipun praktik pengangkatan anak banyak dilakukan, pengakuan dan implementasi hukumnya sangat bervariasi di berbagai negara Muslim. Penelitian ini berfokus pada regulasi pengangkatan anak di Maroko, Turki, dan Indonesia, tiga negara yang mewakili pendekatan berbeda dalam mengintegrasikan hukum keluarga Islam dengan sistem hukum nasional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan, dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif yang mengkaji literatur dan regulasi perundang-undangan negara terkait. Artikel ini dibahas secara komparatif, dengan merujuk pada teori Prof. Mr. Lodewijk Wilem Christian van den Berg (1845-1927), seorang ahli hukum Belanda yang berpendapat bahwa hukum Islam harus berlaku penuh bagi seluruh umat Muslim yang memeluknya. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan adanya konsistensi dengan pandangan Anderson tentang reformasi hukum Islam yang berpendapat bahwa hukum Islam bersifat fleksibel dan mengalami transformasi untuk menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat modern. Perbedaan dalam regulasi pengangkatan anak di Turki, Maroko, dan Indonesia menunjukkan adanya variasi dalam interpretasi dan implementasi hukum Islam di berbagai negara Muslim. Turki mengalami perubahan yang paling signifikan dengan mengadopsi sistem hukum yang lebih sekuler, sementara Maroko telah melakukan reformasi hukum keluarga yang tetap mempertahankan prinsip-prinsip dasar Islam namun dengan penyesuaian untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat modern. Indonesia masih mempertahankan banyak aspek tradisional dari hukum Islam dalam regulasi pengangkatan anak, meskipun telah ada upaya untuk melindungi hak-hak anak angkat sesuai dengan prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Studi ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman tentang fleksibilitas hukum Islam dalam menghadapi modernitas serta implikasinya terhadap perlindungan hak anak. Hasilnya dapat menjadi referensi bagi pembuat kebijakan dalam merancang regulasi yang lebih inklusif sesuai dengan prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khusnul Amalia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Transformation of Judicial Ijtihad in the Indonesian Judiciary in Response to the Escalation of Law: A Maqasid ash-Sharia Perspective
The advancement of human civilization has revealed one of the inherent weaknesses of positive law in fulfilling its function as a framework for social life. Consequently, transformation within the legal system is imperative as a means of enhancing legal certainty within judicial institutions. Judges required to engage in ijtihad (independent reasoning) to facilitate legal transformation and to ensure that the legal order remains responsive and relevant. This study is a literature research study using a qualitative approach. The data used in this study include statutory regulations, books, prior research, and other relevant literatures. The primary objective of this research is to examine how judicial discovery, regarded as a representation of truth in court proceedings, must be interconnected with various supporting instruments to achieve substantive justice in accordance with the framework of Maqasid ash-Sharia. The findings indicate that the incorporation of Maqasid ash-Sharia within judicial ijtihad plays a pivotal role in legal reform aimed at responding to the evolving needs of society. Despite its theoretical significance, the application of this concept in judicial decisions must also be accompanied by the judge’s moral conscience, as both elements collectively guide the judge toward rulings that could realize the public welfare (maslahah). However, this study acknowledges its limitations regarding the practical implementation of its findings. Therefore, future research employing empirical methods within judicial institutions is recommended. Kemajuan peradaban manusia menunjukkan salah satu kelemahan hukum positif dalam memenuhi fungsinya sebagai kerangka kerja bagi kehidupan sosial. Oleh karena itu, transformasi dalam sistem hukum menjadi sangat penting sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan kepastian hukum dalam lembaga peradilan. Hakim dituntut untuk terlibat dalam ijtihad (penalaran independen) untuk memfasilitasi transformasi hukum dan memastikan bahwa tatanan hukum tetap responsif dan terkini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi peraturan perundang-undangan, buku-buku, penelitian terdahulu, dan literatur lain yang relevan. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana penemuan hukum yang dianggap sebagai representasi kebenaran dalam proses peradilan, harus saling berhubungan dengan berbagai instrumen pendukung untuk mencapai keadilan substantif sesuai dengan kerangka Maqasid al-Syariah. Temuan-temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penggabungan Maqasid al-Syariah dalam ijtihad yudisial memainkan peran penting dalam reformasi hukum yang bertujuan untuk merespons kebutuhan masyarakat yang terus berkembang. Terlepas dari signifikansi teoretisnya, penerapan konsep ini dalam putusan pengadilan juga harus disertai dengan hati nurani moral hakim, karena kedua elemen tersebut secara kolektif memandu hakim untuk menghasilkan putusan yang mampu mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat (maslahah). Penelitian ini mengakui adanya keterbatasan dalam hal implementasi praktis dari temuan-temuannya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian di masa depan yang menggunakan metode empiris di dalam lembaga peradilan direkomendasikan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahyar Siddiq, Asmuni Asmuni http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Integration-Interconnection Paradigm in Islamic Law: Al-Syatibi’s Thought in Al-Muwafaqat
The study of Islamic law has tend to focus on the textual approach and often neglects its interaction with rational sciences. Al-Syatibi’s thought in Al-Muwafaqat offers a new paradigm that combines textual analysis with social reality through the maqasid al-shari’ah approach. However, previous academic studies have not specifically explored how Al-Syatibi’s ideas can be a methodological foundation for the integration-interconnection paradigm. This research uses a text analysis method with a historical-critical and contextual approach to Al-Muwafaqat and related literature. The data is analyzed to understand the relationship between textual and rational epistemology in the study of Islamic law. Al-Syatibi emphasized the importance of the rational-empirical approach in the investigation of Islamic jurisprudence. According to him, the study of Islamic law must involve textual methodology (al-ijtihad fi al-nash) and rational-empirical methodology (al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’). The idea expressed by Al-Syatibi can be interpreted as legitimizing the importance of an integrated and interconnected paradigm in Islamic studies, which includes the field of Islamic law. This study emphasizes that integrating social science, economics, and science in the analysis of Islamic law can answer epistemological and contextual challenges. Kajian hukum Islam selama ini cenderung terfokus pada pendekatan tekstual dan sering diabaikan integrasinya dengan ilmu-ilmu rasional. Pemikiran Al-Syatibi dalam Al-Muwafaqat menawarkan paradigma baru yang menggabungkan analisis teks dengan realitas sosial melalui pendekatan maqasid al-shari’ah. Namun, kajian akademik sebelumnya belum secara spesifik mengeksplorasi bagaimana gagasan Al-Syatibi dapat menjadi landasan metodologis untuk paradigma integrasi-interkoneksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis teks dengan pendekatan historis-kritis dan kontekstual terhadap Al-Muwafaqat serta literatur terkait. Data dianalisis untuk memahami hubungan antara epistemologi tekstual dan rasional dalam studi hukum Islam. Al-Syatibi menekankan pentingnya pendekatan rasional-empiris dalam penyelidikan yurisprudensi Islam. Menurutnya, studi hukum Islam harus melibatkan metodologi tekstual (al-ijtihad fi al-nash) dan metodologi rasional-empiris (al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’). Gagasan yang diungkapkan oleh Al-Syatibi dapat diartikan sebagai legitimasi pentingnya paradigma yang terintegrasi dan terinterkoneksi dalam studi Islam, yang meliputi bidang hukum Islam. Studi ini menekankan bahwa pengintegrasian ilmu sosial, ekonomi, dan sains dalam analisis hukum Islam dapat menjawab tantangan epistemologis dan kontekstual.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Anis Mashduqi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Practice of Islamic Philanthropy in Indonesian History a Book Review of (Filantropi Islam: Sejarah dan Kontestasi Masyarakat Sipil dan Negara di Indonesia)
Philanthropic activities have a major contribution to the development of social welfare in Indonesia. The practice of philanthropy has a positive impact on people's lives both in the social and economic spheres. As the majority religious group in Indonesia, Muslims have contributed significantly to improving the welfare of society through Islamic philanthropy movements such as waqf, sadaqah, zakat and infaq. The Islamic philanthropy movement in Indonesia has been massively practiced since the Dutch colonial period until today. The movement has gone through various changes and dynamics in its implementation. The development and dynamics of the practice of Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia could be seen from generation to generation, starting from the Dutch colonial period to the post-reform period. This is a book review of the book Islamic Philanthropy: History and Contestation of Civil Society and the State in Indonesia by Amelia Fauzia. This book review recommends that this book should be widely read by those who seek to deepen knowledge about the practice of Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia from the Dutch colonial period to the reformation era. Kegiatan filantropi memiliki andil besar dalam pengembangan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia. Praktik filantropi memberikan dampak positif bagi kehidupan masyarakat baik pada bidang sosial maupun ekonomi. Sebagai kelompok agama mayoritas di Indonesia, umat Islam telah memberikan kontribusi besar dalam upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui gerakan filantropi Islam seperti wakaf, sedekah, zakat, dan infaq. Gerakan filantropi Islam di Indonesia secara masif dilakukan sejak masa penjajahan Belanda hingga sampai saat ini. Gerakan tersebut telah melewati berbagai dinamika dalam pelaksanaannya. Perkembangan dan dinamika praktik filantropi Islam di Indonesia dapat di lihat dari masa ke masa, mulai pada saat masa penjajahan belanda hingga masa pasca reformasi. Artikel ini merupakan book review atas buku Filantropi Islam: Sejarah dan Kontestasi Masyarakat Sipil dan Negara di Indonesia karya Amelia Fauzia. Book review ini merekomendasikan buku ini untuk dibaca oleh kalangan yang ingin memperdalam pengetahuan mengenai praktik filantropi Islam di Indonesia dari masa pemerintahan Belanda, hingga masa era reformasi.
Copyright (c) 2024 Faisal Nuja Abdillah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Intertextuality of Dhawabith Fiqhiyah in Mahram Breastfeeding: A Study of Article 8 of the 1974 Marriage Law and Article 39 of KHI
Ar-radhā’ah (breastfeeding) that establishes mahram status—a kinship relationship prohibiting marriage—must meet specific conditions in Islamic law, such as the child being under two years old and breastfed at least five times by a woman capable of pregnancy. These conditions are based on the Qur’an, hadith, and scholarly opinions. However, Indonesian family law, including Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), does not explicitly specify who becomes mahram through breastfeeding or the criteria involved, creating a legal gap. This study uses a qualitative, normative-empirical approach and a literature review. Julia Kristeva’s intertextuality theory is applied to analyze how classical Islamic legal texts have influenced and been transformed within Indonesian national law. The results show that although Indonesian family law does not explicitly regulate breastfeeding as a basis for mahram status, there are traces of intertextuality indicating that Islamic legal principles have been absorbed into the national legal framework, both consciously and unconsciously. Mahram relationships from breastfeeding affect marriage prohibitions and certain social interactions, but do not impact other legal aspects such as inheritance or testimony. The study recommends updating legal interpretations to fill this gap and provide legal certainty for judicial practice regarding breastfeeding-based mahram status in Indonesia. Ar-radhā’ah (penyusuan) yang menyebabkan status mahram—yaitu hubungan kekerabatan yang mengharamkan pernikahan—harus memenuhi syarat tertentu menurut hukum Islam, seperti anak disusui di bawah usia dua tahun dan disusui minimal lima kali oleh perempuan yang dapat hamil. Ketentuan ini didasarkan pada Al-Qur’an, hadis, dan pendapat para ulama. Namun, hukum keluarga di Indonesia, seperti Undang-Undang Perkawinan No. 1 Tahun 1974 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI), tidak secara eksplisit mengatur siapa yang menjadi mahram karena penyusuan dan syarat-syaratnya, sehingga menimbulkan kekosongan hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode normatif-empiris dan kajian kepustakaan. Teori intertekstualitas dari Julia Kristeva digunakan untuk menganalisis bagaimana teks hukum nasional menyerap dan mentransformasikan makna dari sumber hukum Islam klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun hukum nasional tidak secara eksplisit mengatur penyusuan sebagai sebab mahram, terdapat jejak intertekstualitas yang menunjukkan bahwa prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam telah terserap dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Hubungan mahram akibat penyusuan berdampak pada larangan pernikahan dan interaksi sosial, namun tidak memengaruhi aspek hukum lain seperti waris atau kesaksian. Diperlukan pembaruan tafsir hukum untuk mengisi kekosongan ini dan memberikan kepastian hukum dalam praktik peradilan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatawi Fatawi, B. Syafuri, Ahmad Hidayat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Law, Media, and Democracy in the Digital Era: Freedom of Expression and ITE Regulation in Indonesia
The digital era presents complexity in the discursive relationship between law, media, and democracy. This research analyzes the interconnection of these three aspects within the context of Indonesian identity. The study employs a literature review approach utilizing the framework of media discourse, focusing on three key areas: agenda setting, framing, and gatekeeping. Data sources include Article 28 of the 1945 Constitution and several articles within the ITE Law. The research reveals that in the practical application of law, media plays a significant role in conveying information and even shaping citizens' understanding of democracy. Several key findings surfaced from this investigation. Firstly, agenda-setting informs the public about the crucial significance of these matters within democracy. Secondly, by utilizing framing discourse, the media can influence public sentiment, whether by underscoring the importance of safeguarding privacy or portraying internet regulations as impeding freedom of expression. Lastly, this study unveiled how media organizations wield substantial control over the topics covered, thus determining what garners public attention. This control not only directs the agenda but also shapes public perceptions of laws related to democracy, underscoring the profound influence of media on societal comprehension. Era digital menampilkan kompleksitas dalam hubungan diskursif antara hukum, media, dan demokrasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis keterkaitan ketiga aspek tersebut dalam konteks keindonesiaan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan pustaka dengan memanfaatkan kerangka wacana media, dengan fokus pada tiga area kunci: penentuan agenda, pembentukan narasi, dan pengaturan akses informasi. Sumber data meliputi Pasal 28 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan beberapa pasal terkait dengan konten internet, cyberbullying dan ujaran kebencian dalam Undang-Undang ITE. Penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa dalam praktik penerapan hukum, media memainkan peran yang signifikan dalam menyampaikan informasi bahkan membentuk pemahaman warga negara tentang demokrasi. Beberapa temuan utama muncul dari penelitian ini. Pertama, penentuan agenda berfungsi untuk memberi informasi kepada publik tentang pentingnya masalah-masalah ini dalam ranah demokrasi. Kedua, dengan menggunakan wacana pembentukan narasi, media dapat memengaruhi opini publik, baik dengan menekankan pentingnya perlindungan privasi maupun menggambarkan regulasi internet sebagai batasan kebebasan berekspresi. Terakhir, penelitian ini mengungkap bagaimana organisasi media memiliki kendali yang signifikan atas topik-topik yang dibahas sehingga menentukan apa yang menarik perhatian publik. Kendali ini tidak hanya mengarahkan agenda, tetapi juga membentuk persepsi publik tentang hukum-hukum terkait demokrasi, menegaskan pengaruh mendalam media dalam pemahaman masyarakat.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nilman Ghofur http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Conflict of Legal Norms: Islamic Law and Positive Law in the Regulation of Alcoholic Beverages in Pekalongan City
There are inconsistencies between the regulation of alcoholic beverages in Presidential Regulation No. 73/2013 on the Control and Supervision of Alcoholic Beverages and Pekalongan City Regional Regulation No. 13/2000 on the Supervision and Prohibition of Alcoholic Beverages. This article discusses the dialectics of Islamic law and positive law in regulating alcoholic beverages in Pekalongan as a city of santri and its legal consequences. This article is a doctrinal research using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. The analysis of legal material is prescriptive to offer arguments to answer problem issues, while the inference technique uses deductive thinking logic. Based on the analysis of Hans Kalsen's norm theory and the principles of legal norm formation, the research shows that the dialectic of Islamic and positive legal norms that produce local regulations on the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the city of santri is a consequence of the autonomy authority of local governments in making local regulations in order to carry out assistance tasks. Consequently, the local regulation on the prohibition of alcoholic beverages has no binding force because the basic rules of its formation have been declared contrary to law by the Supreme Court, and the content material is contrary to Presidential Regulation No. 74 of 2013. It does not comply with the principles of the formation of local regulations. The legal consequences are uncertainty, regional regulations not following national legal policy, and the potential to cause discrimination. This article presents an understanding of the dialectic of Islamic law on the one hand and positive law on the other regarding regulating the circulation of alcoholic beverages. Terdapat inkonsistensi pada regulasi minuman beralkohol dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 73 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pengendalian dan Pengawasan Minuman Beralkohol dengan Peraturan Daerah Kota Pekalongan Nomor 13 Tahun 2000 Tentang Pengawasan dan Pelarangan Minuman Beralkohol. Artikel ini membahas dialektika hukum islam dan hukum positif dalam pengaturan minuman beralkohol di kota Pekalongan sebagai kota santri serta akibat hukumnya. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian doktrinal menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang, konseptual dan historis. Analisis materi hukum bersifat preskriptif dengan maksud untuk menawarkan argumen untuk menjawab masalah masalah, sedangkan teknik inferensi menggunakan logika berpikir deduktif. Berdasarkan analisis teori norma Hans Kalsen dan asas-asas pembentukan norma hukum, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dialektika norma hukum Islam dan positif yang menghasilkan peraturan daerah tentang larangan minuman beralkohol di kota santri merupakan konsekuensi dari kewenangan otonomi pemerintah daerah dalam membuat peraturan daerah dalam rangka melaksanakan tugas pendampingan. Akibatnya, keberadaan peraturan daerah tentang larangan minuman beralkohol a quo sebenarnya tidak memiliki kekuatan yang mengikat karena aturan dasar pembentukannya telah dinyatakan bertentangan dengan hukum oleh Mahkamah Agung dan materi isinya bertentangan dengan Peraturan Presiden No. 74 Tahun 2013 dan tidak sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip pembentukan peraturan daerah. Konsekuensi hukumnya adalah ketidakpastian hukum, keberadaan peraturan daerah tidak sesuai dengan kebijakan hukum nasional dan berpotensi menimbulkan diskriminasi. Artikel ini menyajikan pemahaman mengenai dialektika hukum islam di satu sisi, dan hukum positif di sisi lain mengenai bagaimana praktik pengaturan peredaran minuman beralkohol.
Copyright (c) 2024 Agung Barok Pratama, Dewi Sekar Arum http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Expediency Principle of Inanimate Land: a Study of Ihya' al-Mawat in Classical Fiqh and Land Reform in Indonesian Agrarian Law
This article examines the comparison between the fiqh concept of iḥyā' al-mawāt and Indonesian national agrarian law on land reform, especially the right to open land. The author uses a comparative approach in this discussion, which compares the existing concepts in fiqh (as Islamic law) and national agrarian law (as Indonesian positive law). This article contributes to the discourse on Islamic land law, also known as agrarian fiqh, which has not been widely studied. This article shows that in the classical Islamic literature, there has been a study of land and how the Prophet Muhammad PBUH regulated land management. One of the concepts in fiqh is iḥyā' al-mawāt, which is to revive dead land. This is a starting point to introduce the tradition of agrarian fiqh in the classical literature. This article concludes that in both fiqh and Indonesian agrarian law, there is a concept of land clearing based on the principle of expediency. However, iḥyā' al-mawāt and the Indonesian national agrarian law on land reform still have differences, both in terms of concept, regulation, and implementation. This article is limited to a literature review that must be further studied from the context of the application of these two laws. This article contributes to the understanding of the two laws that are applied in Indonesia, namely positive law and Islamic law. Artikel ini mengkaji tentang perbandingan antara konsep fiqh tentang iḥyā’ al-mawāt dan hukum agraria nasional Indonesia tentang land reform, terutama hak membuka lahan. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan perbandingan dalam pembahasan ini, yaitu membandingkan konsep yang ada dalam fiqh (sebagai hukum Islam) dan hukum agraria nasional (sebagai hukum positif Indonesia). Artikel ini memberikan kontribusi tentang wacana hukum pertanahan Islam atau dapat juga disebut sebagai fiqh agraria yang belum banyak dikaji. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam khazanah Islam klasik telah dikenal kajian tentang tanah dan bagaimana Nabi Muhammad saw. mengatur tentang pengelolaan tanah. Salah satu konsep dalam fiqh adalah iḥyā’ al-mawāt, yaitu menghidupkan tanah mati. Hal ini menjadi satu titik awal untuk memperkenalkan tradisi fiqh agraria dalam khazanah klasik. Dari artikel ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa baik dalam fiqh maupun dalam hukum agraria Indonesia terdapat konsep tentang membuka lahan yang berdasarkan asas kemanfaatan. Dalam fiqh dikenal dengan istilah iḥyā’ al-mawāt dan dalam hukum agraria dikenal adanya hak membuka lahan. Namun demikian, iḥyā’ al-mawāt dan hukum agraria nasional Indonesia tentang land reform tetap memiliki perbedaan, baik dari segi konsepnya, pengaturannya, maupun dari segi pelaksanaannya. Artikel ini sebatas kajian Pustaka yang harus dilanjutkan kajiannya dari aspek implementasi dua hukum tersebut. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman dua hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia, yaitu hukum positif dan hukum Islam.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sri Wahyuni http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Protection of Constitutional Rights for Female Coastal Workers in Pekalongan Against Loss of Land Rights: An Agrarian Law and Islamic Law Approach
This article examines the protection of the constitutional rights of Pekalongan's women coastal workers against the loss of land rights due to sea flooding. Based on data from the Pekalongan Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), in the last five years, more than 40% of the land in this coastal area has been submerged, affecting women's livelihoods. The juridical problem is that the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) does not regulate state compensation for destroyed land. Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2024 on Amendments to Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 17 of 2021 on Procedures for Determining Land Destruction states that land parcels affected by tidal floods in Pekalongan can be categorized as land destruction. Land rights holders are given priority for reconstruction or reclamation within one year and receive a kerohiman fund if the land is used or reconstructed by the government. This research uses agrarian law and Islamic law approaches to evaluate the existing legal protections. The results show that constitutional protection for coastal women workers in Pekalongan already exists, but there are still some weaknesses. In addition, the practice of such protection has not been maximized. Some of these things are the main causes of inadequate legal protection of the rights of women coastal workers. Islamic law provides a more inclusive perspective on property rights and social justice, but its implementation is limited. This research contributes to the understanding of agrarian regulations in providing protection and compensation for women coastal workers as well as the understanding of Islamic principles in maintaining justice and welfare for those affected by tidal floods. Artikel ini mengkaji perlindungan hak konstitusional perempuan buruh pesisir pantai Pekalongan terhadap hilangnya hak atas tanah akibat rob. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Pekalongan, dalam lima tahun terakhir, lebih dari 40% tanah di wilayah pesisir ini telah terendam, yang berimbas pada mata pencaharian perempuan. Masalah yuridis yang dihadapi adalah bahwa Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria (UUPA) tidak mengatur kompensasi negara bagi tanah yang musnah. Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 17 Tahun 2021 tentang Tata Cara Penetapan Tanah Musnah menyatakan bahwa bidang tanah yang terdampak banjir rob di Pekalongan dapat dikategorikan sebagai tanah musnah. Pemegang hak atas tanah diberikan prioritas untuk rekonstruksi atau reklamasi dalam satu tahun dan mendapatkan dana kerohiman jika tanah digunakan atau direkonstruksi oleh pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum agraria dan hukum Islam untuk mengevaluasi perlindungan hukum yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan konstitusional bagi pekerja perempuan pesisir di Pekalongan sudah ada, tetapi masih terdapat beberapa kelemahan. Selain itu, praktik perlindungan tersebut belum maksimal. Beberapa hal inilah yang menjadi penyebab utama belum memadainya perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak perempuan buruh pesisir. Hukum Islam memberikan perspektif lebih inklusif tentang hak milik dan keadilan sosial, tetapi implementasinya terbatas. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman mengenai regulasi agraria dalam memberikan perlindungan dan kompensasi bagi perempuan buruh pesisir serta pemahaman prinsip-prinsip Islam dalam menjaga keadilan dan kesejahteraan bagi pihak yang terdampak banjir rob.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bunga Desyana Pratami, Minarsih Minarsih, Sri Ratu Ratna Intan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Harmonization of Customary, State, and Islam in the Practice of Dayak-Muslim Senganan Customary Inheritance in Sintang, Indonesia
The powerful Dayak-Muslim Senganan customs often interact with Islamic teachings, particularly in matters such as inheritance, as regulated by the principles of faraid. This interaction presents challenges, especially when Islamic rules need to be adapted to long-standing customary norms. Additionally, the state plays a significant role in its national legal system, acting as a mediator or law enforcer to ensure that inheritance practices align with national laws. While the issue of customary law, Islam, and the state is frequently examined from a conflict perspective, this does not apply to Dayak-Muslim customary inheritance practices in Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan Province. This article examines the interaction of these three legal systems in inheritance practices, focusing on the Dayak-Muslims of Senganan. Using Andrea J. Hoekma's socio-legal approach, which emphasizes the integration of non-conflicting laws, this study conducted in-depth interviews with customary and formal authorities. The findings reveal that customary law, state law, and Islamic law coexist harmoniously, supporting the community's interests without conflict. Furthermore, the research shows that Dayak-Muslim inheritance practices do not contradict Islamic law. These seemingly distinct legal systems can be synthesized to form an effective inheritance system within specific social and cultural contexts. This research contributes to a broader understanding of the harmonization among customary law, Islam, and the state, demonstrating a dynamic of mutual influence and understanding. Adat Dayak-Muslim Senganan yang kuat sering kali bersentuhan dengan ajaran Islam, salah satunya mengenai kewarisan seperti yang diatur dalam faraid. Interaksi ini menimbulkan tantangan ketika aturan Islam harus disesuaikan dengan norma adat yang telah lama ada. Selain itu, negara berperan penting melalui sistem hukum nasionalnya sebagai mediator atau penegak hukum, memastikan bahwa praktik kewarisan mengikuti undang-undang nasional. Persoalan hukum adat, Islam dan negara sering kali dikaji melalui kacamata konflik, namun perspektif ini tidak berlaku bagi praktik pewarisan adat Dayak-Muslim di Kabupaten Sintang, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Artikel ini mengkaji ketiga sistem hukum dalam praktik kewarisan, khususnya di kalangan Dayak-Muslim Senganan. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal Andrea J. Hoekma, yang mengintegrasikan hukum yang tidak bertentangan. Melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para pemimpin adat dan formal, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa hukum adat, hukum negara, dan hukum Islam dapat hidup berdampingan secara harmonis, melayani kepentingan masyarakat tanpa pertentangan. Temuan penelitian juga mengungkapkan bahwa praktik pewarisan Dayak-Muslim tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Islam. Entitas yang tampaknya saling bertentangan, namun sebenarnya dapat bersinergi untuk menciptakan sistem kewarisan yang efektif dalam konteks sosial dan kultural yang spesifik. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman harmonisasi antara hukum adat, Islam, dan negara yang saling memengaruhi dan memahami satu sama lain.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fadhil Fadani, Muhammad Adib Alfarisi Adib http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Interpretations of Qada Rawatib Prayers at Forbidden Times: Tarjih Analysis on the Badai’ as-Sanai’ fi Tartib asy-Syarai’ and al-Majmu’ Syarh al-Muhazzab
In an explicit manner, scholars have explained the ruling on performing qada rawatib prayers at forbidden times. However, some of the main fiqh books used as references do not clearly elaborate on the process of legal istinbat, such as how they chose the propositions used as the basis for the law. Essentially, the Prophet used to pray the ba'diyah zuhr prayer at a forbidden time (after 'asr). This narration is interpreted differently by Hanafiah and Shafi'iyah scholars with different arguments and corroborating evidence. This article aims to examine the reasons for the differences in the ruling on the ba'diyah zuhr prayer performed after 'asr, to find the similarities and differences, which are contained in the book Badai' as-Sanai' fi Tartib ash-Sharai' and the book al-Majmu' Syarh al-Muhazzab from the perspective of tarjih. This article is a literature research with a comparative analysis of the both books as the main source. The approach used is usul fiqh, more specifically the theory of tarjih in ta'arud al-adillah. On the basis of the tarjih analysis, the article finds that in Badai' as-Sanai' fi Tartib ash-Sharai', the qada of the zuhr ba'diyah prayer performed after 'asr is not allowed, with the argument that the hadith narration of Umm Salamah is specific to the Prophet. Meanwhile, in al-Majmu' Syarh al-Muhazzab, it is allowed to qada the prayer. These two books both use the tarjih method to produce these rulings with the enhancement of different arguments so that it affects the resulting law. This article contributes to the understanding of the legal istinbat method of qada of rawatib prayers at forbidden times from the perspective of ushul fiqh. Secara eksplisit, para ulama telah menjelaskan hukum melaksanakan qada salat rawatib di waktu terlarang. Meskipun begitu, beberapa kitab fikih induk yang dijadikan rujukan tidak merinci secara jelas mengenai proses istinbat hukum, seperti bagaimana mereka memilih dalil yang dijadikan dasar hukum. Pada dasarnya, Nabi pernah melaksanakan salat ba’diyah zuhur di waktu terlarang (setelah asar. Riwayat ini dibaca secara berbeda oleh ulama Hanafiah dan Syafi’iyah dengan argument dan dalil penguat lainnya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sebab perbedaan hukum qada salat sunah ba’diyah zuhur yang dilakukan setelah asar, menemukan persamaan dan perbedannya, yang terkandung dalam kitab Badai’ as-Sanai’ fi Tartib asy-Syarai’ dan kitab al-Majmu’ Syarh al-Muhazzab dari perspektif tarjih. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan analisis komparatif dari kedua kitab tersebut sebagai sumber utama. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah usul fiqh, lebih spesifik teori tarjih dalam ta’arud al-adillah. Berdasarkan analisis tarjih, artikel ini menemukan bahwa dalam kitab Badai’ as-Sanai’ fi Tartib asy-Syarai’, qada salat ba’diyah zuhur yang dilakukan setelah asar tidak diperbolehkan, dengan argumen bahwa riwayat hadis Ummu Salamah merupakan kekhususan bagi Rasulullah. Sedangkan dalam kitab al-Majmu’ Syarh al-Muhazzab, diperbolehkan mengqada salat tersebut. Kedua kitab ini sama-sama menggunakan metode tarjih untuk menghasilkan hukum-hukum tersebut dengan penguatan dalil yang berbeda sehingga berpengaruh pada hukum yang dihasilkan. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman metode istinbat hukum qada salat rawatib di waktu terlarang dari perspektif ushul fiqh.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dianita Rahma Dina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Deciphering Economic Fatwas in Muhammadiyah: A Comprehensive Qualitative Analysis from 1950 to 2017
This study examines the evolution of fatwas issued by the Tarjih and Tajdid Council the Central Executive of Muhammadiyah in the economic sector from 1950 to 2017. This topic was chosen because of the significant impact of these fatwas in shaping economic practices among the Muhammadiyah community, especially in responding to social and economic changes over the past few decades. This research uses a qualitative method by collecting data from various sources, including books, articles, journals, and official documents of the Tarjih Council. The data obtained was analyzed in depth to map the distribution of fatwas, as well as explore the theoretical foundations and arguments of scholars used in the formulation of these fatwas. In its analysis, this study adopts the theory of fiqh to understand the basis of thinking behind fatwa decisions. The results of the study show that the fatwas of the Tarjih Council and the Central Executive of Tajdid Muhammadiyah in the economic sector during the period were divided into three main areas: Social Economy, Banking, and Investment. As-Sunnah (Hadith) is the basis that is most often referred to in these fatwas. In addition, this study identifies that the opinion of the Hanafi School is more dominant compared to other schools. This research contributes to increasing the understanding of fatwas in the economic field formulated by the Tarjih Council and the Central Executive of Muhammadiyah Tajdid, as well as showing a strict and selective process in issuing fatwas, especially in the economic sector. Penelitian ini mengkaji evolusi fatwa-fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah di bidang ekonomi dari tahun 1950 hingga 2017. Topik ini dipilih karena dampak yang signifikan dari fatwa-fatwa tersebut dalam membentuk praktik ekonomi di kalangan masyarakat Muhammadiyah, terutama dalam merespons perubahan sosial dan ekonomi selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber, termasuk buku, artikel, jurnal, dan dokumen resmi Majelis Tarjih. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara mendalam untuk memetakan sebaran fatwa, serta menggali landasan teori dan argumentasi ulama yang digunakan dalam perumusan fatwa-fatwa tersebut. Dalam analisisnya, studi ini mengadopsi teori fikih untuk memahami dasar pemikiran di balik keputusan fatwa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fatwa-fatwa Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP Muhammadiyah di bidang ekonomi selama periode tersebut terbagi menjadi tiga bidang utama: Ekonomi Sosial, Perbankan, dan Investasi. As-Sunnah (Hadis) merupakan dasar yang paling sering dirujuk dalam fatwa-fatwa tersebut. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi bahwa pendapat Mazhab Hanafi lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan mazhab-mazhab lainnya. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap fatwa-fatwa di bidang ekonomi yang dirumuskan oleh Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah, serta menunjukkan adanya proses yang ketat dan selektif dalam mengeluarkan fatwa, khususnya di bidang ekonomi.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ikhwandy Ikhwandy, Muhamad Subhi Apriantoro http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gray Divorce at Palembang Religious Court 2022: Factors Associated with Old Age Divorce
Divorce is a phenomenon that is experienced in various age ranges, including among the elderly showing an increasing trend. Previous studies emphasize the negative impact of divorce in old age. This study aims to identify the factors that lead to divorce among the elderly, particularly in the Palembang Religious Court, as well as understand the judges' views on this phenomenon. This field research used a qualitative approach, involving interviews with four judges and analyzing 56 divorce decisions among the elderly. The findings show that elderly couples tend to delay divorce in order to sustain the household, especially for the sake of their children. The decision to divorce is made when they feel unable to endure further problems, considering the greater impact. Thirteen main factors were cited as reasons why elderly couples decided to divorce. While judges attempted mediation, they did not have the authority to force a settlement. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable guidance for legal practitioners and policy makers in designing programs to prevent divorce at an elderly age. The limitation of this study lies in its focus only on the views of judges and decisions in religious courts. Examining the opinions of older people who have divorced directly has not been done, an aspect that needs further research. [Perceraian merupakan fenomena yang terjadi di berbagai rentang usia, termasuk di kalangan lansia yang menunjukkan peningkatan tren. Kajian sebelumnya menegaskan dampak negatif dari perceraian di usia lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memicu perceraian di kalangan lansia, khususnya di Pengadilan Agama Palembang, serta memahami pandangan hakim terhadap fenomena ini. Penelitian lapangan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, melibatkan wawancara dengan empat hakim dan menganalisis 56 putusan perceraian di kalangan lansia. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pasangan lanjut usia cenderung menunda perceraian demi mempertahankan rumah tangga, terutama demi anak-anak mereka. Keputusan bercerai diambil ketika mereka merasa tak mampu lagi menahan permasalahan lebih lanjut, dengan pertimbangan dampak yang lebih besar. Terdapat tiga belas faktor utama yang menjadi alasan pasangan lanjut usia dalam memutuskan perceraian. Meskipun hakim berupaya melakukan mediasi, namun mereka tidak memiliki kewenangan untuk memaksa perdamaian. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan panduan berharga bagi praktisi hukum dan pembuat kebijakan dalam merancang program pencegahan perceraian di usia lanjut. Keterbatasan penelitian ini terletak pada fokusnya yang hanya pada pandangan hakim dan putusan di pengadilan agama. Menguji pendapat lansia yang telah bercerai secara langsung belum dilakukan, menjadi aspek yang perlu diteliti lebih lanjut.]
Copyright (c) 2023 Ellis Lindini Putri, Rusmala Dewi, Ari Azhari
Seeking Harmony over Punishment: Restorative Justice Approaches to Domestic Violence in Islamic and Indonesian Legal Frameworks
Domestic violence in its various forms occured, yet often victims of violence are reluctant to separate from their perpetrators. Reasons such as social, economic, and religious considerations to maintain the household make some victims of domestic violence withdraw their reports and forgive the perpetrators for the sake of household continuity. This research aims to answer what is the perspective of restorarive jastice in Islam and Indonesian national law in domestic violence cases? This research was conducted using a literature research method that explores relevant data in relation to this topic. This research used juridical-normative approach, which then analyzes the data using the concept of restorative justice in Islam and Indonesian national law.The results show that based on the restorative justice system, both in Islam and Indonesian national law, both provide opportunities for perpetrators and victims to restore conflict. The difference is that the concept of restorative justice in Islam emphasizes God's rights and human rights.So that the output can be in the form of victim forgiveness, as well as diyat (fine) sanctions for the perpetrator. Meanwhile, in the restorative justice system of Indonesian state law, it no longer focuses on the concept of imprisonment. Furthermore, this regulation aims for preventive, protective, repressive, and consolidative efforts. This article is limited to an overview of the comparison of restorative justice systems in Islam and Indonesian national law in handling domestic violence cases theoretically. [Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) dalam berbagai bentuknya sering terjadi, namun seringkali korban kekerasan enggan untuk berpisah dengan pelaku. Alasan seperti kebutuhan sosial, ekonomi, dan pertimbangan agama untuk mempertahankan rumah tangga membuat beberapa korban KDRT mencabut laporan mereka dan memaafkan pelaku demi kelangsungan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab bagaimana perspektif restorarive jastice dalam Islam dan hukum nasional Indonesia dalam kasus kekerasan domestik?. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka yang menggali data relevan sehubungan dengan topik ini. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan yuridis-normatif secara umum, yang kemudian menganalisis data dengan menggunakan konsep restorative justice dalam Islam dan hukum nasional Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan sistem restorative justice, baik dalam Islam dan hukum nasional Indonesia, sama-sama memberikan kesempatan bagi pelaku dan korban untuk memulihkan konflik. Bedanya, dalam konsep restorative justice Islam lebih menekankan pada hak Tuhan dan Hak manusia. Sehingga outputnya dapat berupa pemaafan korban, maupun sanksi diyat (denda) bagi pelaku. Sedangkan dalam sistem restorative justice hukum negara Indonesia, tidak lagi fokus pada konsep pemenjaraan. Lebih jauh, peraturan ini bertujuan untuk upaya prefentif, protektif, represif, dan konsolidatif. Artikel ini terbatas pada gambaran mengenai perbandingan restorative justice sistem dalam Islam dan hukum nasional Indonesia dalam menangani perkara kekerasan domestik secara teoretis.]
Copyright (c) 2023 Inna Fauzi, Any Ismayawati, Azka Hanani