Jurnal Pendidikan Islam (JPI) is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes and promotes research which contributes to our understanding of Islamic education within the horizon of Religious Studies (RS), and welcomes submissions from all regions. It highlights the relationships among texts, institutions, practices, and societies across formal, non-formal, and informal settings (madrasah, pesantren, schools/universities, family/communities). View Aims and Scope JPI publishes semiannually (June and December).
Faculty of Tarbiyah and Education, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Digital Circular School in Islamic Education: A PRISMA Based Systematic Literature Review (2020-2025) and an Integrative Conceptual Model of Islamic Values, Circularity, and Digital Capacity
Purpose – This study formulates a management framework for pesantren, madrasah, and Islamic schools to respond to the fragmentation of digitalization practices and ecological sustainability through an integrative Digital Circular School model that coherently links Islamic values, circularity, and digital capacity Design/methods/approach – The study uses a conceptual design based on a systematic literature review with a PRISMA flow. The search was conducted in Scopus, Google Scholar, and DOAJ for publications from 2020 to 2025 using keywords related to circular school, circular economy, eco-pesantren, digital Islamic school management, and Islamic values. Selected articles were analyzed through thematic analysis (theoretical reduction, thematic categorization, and integrative synthesis) to build a conceptual model Findings – Of 412 initial records, 198 remained after duplicate removal and administrative screening, 74 passed title and abstract screening, and 27 publications met the eligibility criteria. The literature is dominated by literature studies (55 percent) and qualitative case studies (25 percent). The synthesis identifies four themes: integration of Islamic curriculum and pedagogy with technology, digital Islamic leadership and governance, adoption of key technologies along with ethical challenges, and character formation and spirituality in the digital space. These findings produce a cyclical model with three pillars: reinforcement of Islamic values, enhancement of circularity practices, and expansion of digital capacity; this model is conceptual and has not been empirically tested. Research implications – The model can serve as an initial guide to design digital governance based on amanah and accountability, mainstream paperless practices, 3R, energy efficiency, and resource monitoring through information systems and dashboards; while also strengthening digital literacy, ecological literacy, and Islamic character development within the curriculum and school culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Pendidikan Islam
Lived Islamic Parenting and Child Resilience in Muslim Families with High Maternal Work Mobility: A Qualitative Study in Islamic Education
Purpose – This study analyzes how lived Islamic parenting is practiced by Muslim mothers with high work mobility and how these practices contribute to early childhood resilience in urban Muslim families. Transnational family literature is used as a conceptual lens to understand constraints on physical presence and the maintenance of communication, not to equate the migration context. Design/methods/approach – This interpretive qualitative study used a multiple case study design involving Muslim families in an urban area of West Java (pseudonymized). Participants consisted of 10 mothers with children aged 3 to 6 years, selected through criterion-based purposive sampling; sample adequacy was justified using the principle of information power. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews (45 to 60 minutes) and observations focused on moments of mother-child interaction (for example, after returning from work and before bedtime), as well as non-sensitive supporting materials if agreed upon. Analysis was conducted using reflexive thematic analysis and cross-case synthesis. Findings – The analysis produced four themes. First, Islamic parenting practices are sustained through micro routines at transition moments, primarily role modeling and the habituation of worship practices that are concise and flexible. Second, religious socialization occurs through the maintenance of emotional presence, including consistent long-distance communication and the use of value language (sabar, adab, doa) when responding to children’s emotions. Third, resilience appears as recovery after pressure or failure when affective support is prioritized, after which simple religious routines are used to soothe and encourage children to try again and to express feelings. Fourth, fatigue, time constraints, and digital exposure drive the negotiation of practices through minimum routines and value-based device accompaniment. Research implications – The findings support the design of value-based micro routines at transition moments, the use of Islamic moral vocabulary for emotion coaching preceded by affective support, consistent long-distance communication to maintain continuity of value socialization, and digital parenting through accompaniment, restriction, brief explanations, and content redirection in early childhood education.
Effectiveness of Technology-Enhanced Inquiry-Based Learning: A Meta-Analysis with Implications for Islamic Education
Purpose – Technology-Enhanced Inquiry-Based Learning (TE-IBL) is widely regarded as effective for fostering 21st-century competencies. However, empirical findings remain inconsistent across studies, and synthesis that systematically accounts for key moderators is still limited, particularly within Islamic Education contexts that require the integration of spiritual values and digital ethics. This study aims to estimate the overall effect of TE-IBL on learning outcomes and to examine how contextual and instructional moderators shape its effectiveness. Design/methods/approach – This study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis. From 16,742 initial records, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria. A random-effects model using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) estimation and Hedges’ g was employed to calculate effect sizes. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q, τ², and I² statistics. Moderator analyses included educational level, subject domain, inquiry type, technology type, and intervention duration. Publication bias was examined using Egger’s regression test, complemented by leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Findings – The pooled effect size indicated a significant and large effect of TE-IBL on learning outcomes (g = 0.92; SE = 0.108; 95% CI = 0.61–1.03; p < 0.001), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 67.99%). Problem-Based Learning yielded the highest effect (g = 1.20), followed by guided inquiry (g = 0.79) and project-based learning (g = 0.72). Social and humanities subjects showed stronger effects than STEM (g = 1.06 vs. 0.74). Non-AI technologies outperformed AI-based technologies (g = 1.05 vs. 0.52). Longer interventions (>2 months) produced the largest effects (g = 1.37). Across educational levels, early childhood education demonstrated the highest effect size (g = 2.49), while lower secondary education showed the lowest (g = 0.47). Egger’s test indicated potential funnel plot asymmetry (z = 2.30; p = 0.021). Research implications – High heterogeneity and indications of publication bias constrain generalizability and call for cautious interpretation. Design-related factors such as inquiry scaffolding, intervention duration, and technology selection substantially influence outcomes. Practically, TE-IBL implementation should emphasize teacher professional development, value-sensitive technological design, and ethical integration aligned with Islamic educational principles. Future research should expand geographic coverage, adopt preregistered designs, and more rigorously integrate AI within a framework of ethically grounded and sustainable education.
Technology-Enhanced Inquiry-Based Learning (TE-IBL)
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Pendidikan Islam
Insan Kamil-Oriented Islamic Higher Education in Society 5.0: A Systematic Literature Review of Digital Transformation, Curriculum Integration, and Value-Based Islamic Leadership
Purpose – This study formulates an integrative conceptual model of Islamic education at Islamic Religious Higher Education Institutions (PTKIS) in the Society 5.0 era by linking the orientation of insan kamil, digital technology, an Islamic curriculum, and value-based Islamic leadership to prevent the reduction of education into a merely technical process and the risk of dehumanization. Design/methods/approach – The study used a conceptual design through a systematic literature review for the period 2020 to 2025. Searches were conducted in Scopus, Google Scholar, DOAJ, and accredited national journal portals using keywords related to Islamic education, insan kamil, Society 5.0, PTKIS, and digital transformation. Of 412 identified articles, 62 articles passed the inclusion criteria through title screening, abstract screening, and full review. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and descriptive mapping. Findings – The literature was dominated by conceptual studies or literature studies (40 of 62; 65%), indicating a gap in empirical evidence. Four main themes were identified: integration of Islamic curriculum and pedagogy with technology; Islamic digital leadership and governance; adoption of key technologies and ethical dilemmas; and character and spirituality formation in digital spaces. The synthesis produced an Input-Process-Output-Outcome framework grounded in Islamic values and spirituality, with outputs of spiritual-moral, critical-intellectual, digital-technological, and social-collaborative competencies that lead to insan kamil. Research implications – This model guides PTKIS in integrative curriculum design, strengthening digital literacy and artificial intelligence ethics, developing e-leadership based on amanah, adil, and ihsan, and collaboration of the campus, family, and community ecosystems.
Strengthening Islamic Character through Four Integrated Mechanisms in Primary Teacher Education: A Qualitative Case Study of PGSD Students at UNM Campus V
Purpose – This study examines how Islamic values are internalised and sustained among Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD) students at a regional Indonesian campus, addressing the gap between moral knowing and moral action and the conditions that stabilise practice. Design/methods/approach – A qualitative case study was conducted at (Universitas Negeri Makassar) Campus V, Parepare using purposive sampling: 30 PGSD students, one Islamic Religious Education (PAI) lecturer, three lecturers involved in character initiatives, and two da’wah-organisation administrators. Data comprised participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. Analysis followed Miles–Huberman procedures; trustworthiness was enhanced through triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing. Ethical clearance was obtained. The study was guided by Lickona’s moral knowing–feeling–action and Self-Determination Theory. Findings – Four reinforcing mechanisms structure a pathway from knowledge to practice: (i) PAI pedagogy; (ii) campus religious activities; (iii) worship journaling; and (iv) lecturer exemplarity supported by facilities/culture. Internalised values include faith–piety, honesty–trustworthiness, a clarified distinction between discipline (temporal order) and istiqamah (cross-week steadiness), and tolerance. Enablers comprise intrinsic motivation, family/community continuity, lecturer modelling, and fit-for-purpose facilities; barriers include heterogeneous motivation, academic fatigue, misaligned home rhythms, uneven modelling, scheduling frictions, and digital distraction. Participation was more focused when ≥ 3 mechanisms operated within a week, a pattern recurrent across weeks and settings. Research implications – Recommend a weekly cycle (class stimulus to collective engagement to reflective journaling to exemplarity/ambient cues), protected prayer-time windows, SOPs for lecturer exemplarity, facility optimisation, light peer review of journals, family briefs for commuters, digital-hygiene routines, schedule de-confliction, and recovery-time metrics.
Islamic Guidance and Counseling Practices for Strengthening Student Adjustment: A Multisite Study in Urban Modern Pesantren of Medan
Purpose – This study aims to examine in depth the application of Islamic counseling services in strengthening students’ self-adjustment at three Islamic senior high schools (madrasah aliyah) affiliated with modern pesantren in Medan City—MA Darul Hikmah, MA Al-Kausar Al-Akbar, and MA Ta’dib Al-Syakirin. The research focus is directed toward addressing the empirical gap concerning the effectiveness of Islamic counseling services within an urban and boarding school-based context. Design/methods/approach – Employing a qualitative approach with a multisite study design, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Informants consisted of school principals, counseling teachers, students, and parents. Data analysis was conducted thematically and across sites using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model. Findings – Islamic counseling services play a strategic role in strengthening students’ self-adjustment across three dimensions: social, emotional, and spiritual. The three pesantren adopt different approaches—spiritual-integrative, dialogical-reflective, and assertive-symbolic—yet share aligned objectives. The types of services include orientation, information, individual/group counseling, spiritual reinforcement, as well as evaluation and referral. Success is highly influenced by students’ personal readiness and institutional support. However, the effectiveness of these services has not yet been measured using quantitative evaluative instruments, resulting in outcome assessments that remain descriptive. Research implications – Practical implications include the need to formalize the structure of counseling services in pesantren, provide data-driven training for counseling teachers, strengthen the role of musyrif as informal mentors, and promote intensive collaboration with parents. This model is relevant for implementation in similar Islamic educational institutions to holistically strengthen students’ character.
Mapping the Intellectual Landscape of Inclusive Islamic Religious Education: A Bibliometric Analysis
Purpose – This study aims to systematically map the scholarly landscape of inclusive Islamic education, particularly Islamic Religious Education (PAI) for children with special needs (CWSN), by identifying trends, key themes, influential authors, and patterns of collaboration in the literature. Design/methods/approach – A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 154 Scopus-indexed journal articles published between 2003 and 2025. The data were extracted on July 19, 2025, at 8:50 p.m., using a refined Boolean search strategy. The corpus was limited to Scopus-indexed journal articles published in English, and only journal articles were included based on the document filter. The extracted data were analyzed using R, RStudio, VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel to assess publication metrics, co-authorship networks, and keyword evolution. Findings – The results show a significant increase in research output after 2019, with Southeast Asian countries—particularly Indonesia and Malaysia—leading in contributions. Dominant themes include inclusive education, Islamic pedagogy, and children with special needs, while emerging themes such as pluralism, citizenship, and social justice reflect a shift toward more justice-oriented and contextually grounded discourse. However, international collaboration remains limited, and the theoretical integration between Islamic epistemology and inclusive education principles appears underdeveloped. Research implications – The findings highlight the need for more interdisciplinary and globally collaborative research in this domain. Future studies should bridge Islamic theological principles with inclusive pedagogical frameworks and expand beyond English-language and Scopus-indexed publications to achieve a more holistic understanding of inclusive Islamic education.
Strategic Principal Leadership in Data-Driven and Value-Based School Planning: A Case Study from Indonesian Primary Education
Purpose – This study investigates the leadership strategies of school principals in implementing data-driven planning integrated with religious values, addressing a critical gap in educational leadership literature. While the use of data in school planning is widely discussed, its alignment with spiritual and local cultural values remains underexplored, particularly within multicultural primary schools in Indonesia. Design/methods/approach – A qualitative single case study was conducted at SDN Buahkapas, West Java, using an interpretive epistemology. Data collection included in-depth interviews, non-participant observations, and document analysis (e.g., Education Report Card, annual work plan). Thematic analysis, supported by NVivo software, was employed to identify, code, and visualize recurring patterns across data sources and informants. Findings – The principal demonstrated strategic leadership through comprehensive data analysis (aided by NVivo-based word cloud and project mapping), teacher collaboration, and the integration of religious values into the school’s vision—“SAKTI” (Sehat, Agamis, Kreatif, Berteknologi, dan Inspiratif). Key themes included data-driven planning (19 references), classifying priorities (17), and collaboration (13). Challenges such as limited teacher data literacy and financial constraints were addressed through reflective evaluations, capacity-building efforts, and external resource mobilization. Research implications – Findings highlight the importance of strengthening principals’ data literacy and capacity to embed spiritual values in school planning. Integrated training and teacher empowerment in data interpretation are essential to ensure contextually responsive and evidence-based school improvement. While findings are contextually rich, their generalizability is limited due to the single-case design.
Islamic-Informed Self-Compassion as a Protective Mechanism against Negative Body Image: A Phenomenological Study of Female Adolescents in Islamic Schools
Purpose – This study aims to: (1) analyze the role of self-compassion in dealing with negative body image and the factors influencing it among female adolescents; (2) explore the contribution of moral education to the development of self-compassionate attitudes; and (3) evaluate the impact of self-compassion on the psychological and social well-being of female adolescents in Islamic schools. This research addresses the limitations of previous studies, which predominantly employed quantitative approaches and have not contextually addressed spiritual values. Design/methods/approach – This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Four female adolescents from Muhammadiyah Junior High Schools 7 and 8 in Surakarta were purposively selected based on their experiences with negative body image. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and document studies, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s technique. Data validity was enhanced through triangulation of methods, sources, and theories. Findings – The study found that self-compassion functions as a protective mechanism that helps female adolescents manage social pressures related to the body. The three main dimensions of Neff’s framework—self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness—were identified in the participants’ narratives. Moral education that internalizes Islamic values such as gratitude (syukur), contentment (qanaah), and sincerity (ikhlas) contributed to self-acceptance and psychological resilience. Self-compassion also had a positive impact on increasing self-confidence, emotional calmness, and healthy social relationships. Research implications – The findings recommend a reformulation of the Islamic Religious Education curriculum to be more responsive to adolescents’ psychosocial issues, as well as the development of spiritual mentoring programs and Islamic media literacy to promote positive body image and emotional well-being among students.
Integration of the STEAM Approach Based on Islamic Values in Pesantren Education: An Exploratory Case Study Grounded in Project-Based Learning and the Principles of Ta’dib
Purpose – This study aims to explore the implementation of the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) approach based on Islamic values in pesantren, as a response to the need for integrating modern scientific knowledge and Islamic spirituality in addressing 21st-century challenges. The focus of the study is to identify contextual strategies for implementing STEAM, analyze students' responses to the integration of Islamic values within STEAM learning, and formulate a conceptual framework for STEAM integration grounded in the principles of Islamic education (ta’dib). Design/methods/approach – This study employs a qualitative approach through an exploratory case study design at Pondok Pesantren Tahfidzul Qur’an Al Husna Bukit Rajawali. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews with five key informants (teachers, pesantren leaders, students), and document analysis conducted during March 2025. Data analysis was carried out thematically using triangulation techniques to validate the findings. Findings – The results indicate that STEAM was implemented through project-based learning, including projects such as constructing a natural water filter, producing educational videos, and creating Islamic geometry-based calligraphy. The integration of Islamic values was carried out substantively, with explicit connections between STEAM activities and Qur’anic verses and hadiths, significantly enhancing students' enthusiasm and active engagement. Identified challenges include limited learning facilities and teachers’ competencies in applying interdisciplinary learning. Research implications – Practically, this study recommends that pesantren improve teachers' pedagogical competencies through regular training in STEAM methodologies and invest in simple laboratory facilities or collaborative learning spaces. This integration model can be implemented in other pesantren with similar characteristics to enhance the quality of Islamic education in preparing a generation that is characterized, religious, and capable of addressing global challenges.
Reframing Entrepreneurial Education Assessment in Islamic Higher Education: Mapping Global Evidence and Proposing a Learning-Oriented Evaluation Framework
Purpose – This study addresses the critical need for a contextual and comprehensive evaluation system for entrepreneurship education in Islamic Higher Education Institutions (PTKI). While global research increasingly supports the role of entrepreneurship education in driving innovation and sustainability, most existing studies focus on entrepreneurial intentions or self-efficacy, with limited attention to systematic evaluation frameworks. This study aims to map global scientific trends, identify adaptive evaluation models, and formulate a Learning-Oriented Assessment (LOA)-based conceptual framework tailored for PTKI. Design/methods/approach – Using a mixed-methods exploratory design, the study integrates bibliometric analysis of 1,428 Scopus-indexed articles (2015–2025) with a systematic literature review (SLR) of 29 empirically and theoretically grounded studies. Analytical tools such as VOSviewer, R Studio Bibliometrix, and PRISMA 2020 protocols were employed to ensure methodological rigor. The PICOS framework guided article selection and synthesis. Findings – Results show a steady 5.12% annual growth in publications, with hybrid models—particularly the CIPP-AHP-FCE—emerging as the most adaptive across diverse institutional contexts, including those with limited technological capacity. Dual-focused evaluations that integrate both learning processes and outcomes are found to be more holistic and sustainable. However, process-oriented assessment models remain underrepresented in current literature. Research implications – PTKIs can adopt the synthesized models and proposed framework to develop evaluation systems that align with their technological readiness, educator competencies, and spiritual mandates. This supports the advancement of reflective, inclusive, and pedagogically effective entrepreneurship education.
Digital Innovation and Circular Economy in Islamic Basic Education: The IFDS-e M Model at SD Aisyiyah Gemolong
Purpose – This study investigates the implementation of Integrated Financial Digital Services and e-Money (IFDS-e M) as an innovation strategy to pioneer a circular school model at SD Aisyiyah Gemolong. It addresses Indonesia’s ecological crisis and unsustainable consumption patterns by combining digital transformation with circular economy principles in basic education. Design/methods/approach – Using a descriptive qualitative case study, the research was conducted at SD Aisyiyah Gemolong, a high-performing elementary school with 1,030 students in Central Java. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. Data analysis employed the Miles and Huberman model to interpret emerging patterns and evaluate program impact. Findings – The IFDS-e M system successfully digitized school transactions, reduced the use of cash, and shaped environmentally conscious behaviors among students. The ban on pocket money led to a measurable reduction in food packaging waste, while school-owned enterprises (BUMS) enhanced service efficiency and internal resource circulation. Over 95% of school financial transactions were processed digitally, improving transparency and minimizing paper use. Challenges such as intermittent internet connectivity emerged during peak access times but did not hinder overall program outcomes. Research implications – The IFDS-e M model offers a replicable strategy for schools to advance sustainable behavior and reduce environmental impact. It informs educational policy and practice on integrating digital tools with ecological values to cultivate responsible consumption from an early age.
Enhancing Pedagogical Competence of Pre-Service Islamic Education Teachers through Peer Assessment and Constructive Feedback
Purpose – This study aims to analyze the influence of peer assessment and constructive feedback on the pedagogical skills of Islamic Education pre-service teachers in the microteaching course. Design/methods/approach – This research employed a quantitative design with a correlational explanatory approach. The study population consisted of two classes of sixth-semester students from the Islamic Education Study Program at the State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Curup, all of whom were enrolled in the microteaching course. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to assess both the simultaneous and partial effects of the two independent variables on the dependent variable. Findings – The F-test showed a value of 24.173 with a significance of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that peer assessment and constructive feedback together significantly affect students' pedagogical skills. The t-test results revealed that peer assessment (t = 3.052, p = 0.004) and constructive feedback (t = 3.762, p = 0.000) each have a significant individual impact (p < 0.05), confirming their respective contributions to improving pedagogical skills. Research implications – Pedagogical skills are essential for prospective teachers, especially in improving their understanding and teaching skills. Although microteaching offers practical teaching experience, students still face challenges in areas such as lesson planning, classroom management, teaching strategies, and assessment. To address these issues, peer assessment and constructive feedback offer promising strategies to enhance pedagogical development.
PAI–PAK Elementary School Textbooks as an Ideological State Apparatus (ISA): A van Leeuwen Critical Discourse Analysis Framed by Ecofeminism on the Construction of Gender–Ecology in the Independent Curriculum (Merdeka Curriculum)
Purpose – To assess the ideological construction of gender–ecology in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Christian Religious Education (PAK) elementary-level textbooks under the Independent Curriculum (Merdeka Curriculum) used in Sekolah Penggerak (2021–2023), addressing the research gap that has not regarded textbooks as a state ideological product Design/methods/approach – A descriptive qualitative study using van Leeuwen’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) combined with ecofeminism. Data: eight books (grades 1–4) published by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology and the Ministry of Religious Affairs; a text–visual documentation study; online interviews with five informants (two teachers, one editor, two authors); purposive sampling; categories of inclusion/exclusion, activation/passivation, role allocation, genericisation/specification; source triangulation and research ethics were applied. The scope is limited to eight books and two subjects. Findings – Identifies patterns of domestication of women; marking of femininity (e.g., the color pink); involvement of women in ecological activities that are subordinate and anonymous, whereas men are named/activated as protectors or givers; women are passivated as recipients of assistance. The integration of gender equality values and ecological awareness is not systematic. The state, through the Ideological State Apparatus (ISA), reproduces patriarchal–anthropocentric discourse. Research implications – Proposes a CDA–ecofeminism rubric–based audit–revision across the entire publishing cycle; editorial–design guidelines (balance of roles, equal naming, avoidance of essentialist visual codes); discourse literacy training for teachers; as well as periodic, transparent evaluations with feedback channels from schools and religious communities.
Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Islamic Religious Education and Character Education: A Multisite Study at SMA Negeri 1 and 2 Sibolga
Purpose – This study aims to examine the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in the subject of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character Education at SMA Negeri 1 and SMA Negeri 2 Sibolga, focusing on the aspects of planning, implementation, and evaluation. It addresses the need for empirical evidence regarding the application of character-based curriculum practices in non-metropolitan areas, particularly within the context of contextual and transformative religious education. Design/methods/approach – Employing a qualitative descriptive approach and a multisite study design, this research involves participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and curriculum document analysis. Data were analyzed through a cross-site thematic approach to uncover convergent and divergent patterns in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, including differentiated learning strategies and the application of project-based learning (P5). Findings – SMA Negeri 1 implemented a gradual approach through structured training, while SMA Negeri 2 adopted a more responsive model through independent teacher exploration and collective reflection. Teacher readiness, digital infrastructure, participatory leadership, and active student engagement emerged as key factors. Project-based learning and formative assessment enhanced student engagement and comprehension. Challenges included disparities in teacher understanding and low student learning autonomy. Research implications – The findings provide strategic guidance for schools to develop adaptive and participatory implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum through reflective training, technology integration, and learning approaches that are responsive to student needs.
Implementing Multicultural Education in Indonesian State Islamic Universities: Case Studies of UIN Sunan Kalijaga and UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin
Purpose – The study aims to investigate how multicultural education has been implemented in the state Islamic universities in Indonesia and what strategies have been applied by the universities in promoting and imparting multicultural education to students. Two representing universities have been selected: UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta and UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. Design/methods/approach – This is qualitative study using direct data collection. Data were collected through interview, document analysis, and observation. Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis and critical analysis. Descriptive analysis has provided detailed information about the implementation of multiculturalism. Critical analysis has allowed researchers to examine and criticize various multicultural education tasks on both campuses. Findings – The authors found that in implementing multicultural education, both universities have built an equity pedagogy by bringing multiculturalism into the learning process, have integrated multicultural content into learning, have inculcated multiculturalism insight in the process of constructing knowledge, and have made efforts to reduce prejudice and empower school culture. The strategies adopted to promote and impart multicultural education to students are adapting the curriculum, promoting equality through campus activities, optimizing the strategic role of lecturers in instilling multiculturalism insights directly into students, forming study centers with multiculturalism insight, and maintaining the uniqueness of each university in fighting for equality. Research implications – Since the study covers state Islamic universities in Indonesia, it could contribute to the effort to promote multiculturalism in all the higher education institutions under the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Based on the idea that campus residents are dynamic, critical, creative, multifaceted, and inventive creatures, it is important to create a campus environment that prioritizes an atmosphere of justice, equality, comfort, and security for all campus social entities.
The Role of Islamic Religious Education in Preventing Sexual Deviance among Urban Adolescents: A Qualitative Psycho-Religious Study Based on the Educational Ecosystem
Purpose – This study aims to explore the role of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in shaping the moral character of adolescents as a preventive effort against sexual deviance, particularly in urban areas of Indonesia. The study addresses the empirical gap concerning how Islamic values are internalized by adolescents within the context of digitalization and a permissive social culture. Design/methods/approach – This research employs a qualitative approach with an intrinsic case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis involving 25 informants in the Greater Jakarta area, including IRE teachers, junior high school students, parents, school leaders, and religious figures. Thematic analysis was conducted with reference to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, Bandura’s social learning theory, and Erikson’s psychosocial development theory. Findings – IRE contributes to the development of adolescents’ moral resilience through teacher role modeling, contextual learning approaches, and the reinforcement of spiritual environments and open family communication. The main challenges arise from pedagogical limitations of teachers and the influence of digital media; however, collaborative strategies among schools, families, and communities have proven effective in supporting value internalization and self-regulation. Research implications – The findings underscore the necessity of training IRE teachers in Islamic sexual literacy and developing a synergistic educational ecosystem involving schools, families, and communities. A psycho-religious intervention model is recommended as a preventive educational strategy that is adaptive to adolescents’ realities. Nonetheless, the study is geographically limited to the urban Greater Jakarta area; thus, the findings require further validation in rural contexts with different social and cultural dynamics.
From Policy to Pedagogy: Religious Moderation as a Counter-Radicalization Strategy in Islamic Education — A Systematic Literature Review
Purpose – This study maps current evidence on religious moderation in Islamic Education in Indonesia to assess the effectiveness of policy, curriculum, pedagogy, and the institutional ecosystem—framed by Pancasila—as a counter-radicalization strategy and a shaper of inclusive character. Design/methods/approach – Systematic Literature Review (SLR) grounded in Kitchenham & Charters. Scopus search (February 12, 2025) using TITLE-ABS-KEY("religious" AND "moderation"), period 2018–2025, document type article. 754 articles found; 127 filtered as relevant; 72 fully reviewed; 2 excluded (review-based); 70 analyzed through qualitative content analysis (mechanical and interpretive stages) following the PRISMA scheme. Findings – Implementation of moderation is effective when wasathiyah values are integrated across subjects and practiced through dialogic methods (problem solving, inquiry, discussion), an integrative curriculum, and educator involvement. As a counter-radicalization strategy, effectiveness is supported by firm campus policies framed by Pancasila, the strengthening of national values (tawassuth, tawazun, i‘tidal, al-wathaniyah), and the role of madrasahs and universities as agents of social change. Key factors include school leadership, an inclusive curriculum, interfaith dialogue, and directed use of technology (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge [TPACK]). These findings sequentially answer RQ1–RQ4 (curriculum implementation; counter-radicalization strategies; contributions of empirical approaches; the role of higher education). Research implications – Recommendations include the standardization of moderation competencies in the Islamic Religious Education (PAI)/higher-education curriculum; the design of dialogic pedagogy grounded in experiential learning and inclusive social projects; capacity building for educators and digital literacy (TPACK); and institutional policies that synergize mentoring, intra/extracurricular activities, anti-radicalization governance, and curation of the educational digital ecosystem.
Analysis of the Representation of Religious Moderation Values in Senior High School Islamic Religious Education Textbooks under the Merdeka Curriculum: A Qualitative Study Using Content Analysis
Purpose – This study aims to evaluate the representation and relevance of religious moderation values in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) textbooks for the Senior High School (SMA) level in North Sumatera. The study responds to the discrepancy between national policies emphasizing the importance of moderation and textbook content that does not fully reflect principles of inclusivity, pluralism, and interfaith dialogue. Design/methods/approach – A qualitative approach was employed using the Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) method on officially sanctioned PAI textbooks based on the Merdeka Curriculum and KMA No. 183 of 2019. The analysis was conducted on narrative content, visuals, learning activities, and other graphic elements. Data coding and interpretation were supported by ATLAS.ti software, with validity ensured through researcher triangulation and analytical auditing. Findings – The results indicate that PAI textbooks generally represent religious moderation values such as tasamuh (tolerance), tawassuth (moderation), and i’tidal (justice). However, values such as muwathanah (national commitment) and musawah(equality) remain underrepresented. Visual aspects and the integration of learning technology are also minimal, and weaknesses were identified in the editing of religious terminology. Research implications – The study's results serve as a foundation for policymakers, textbook authors, and educators to revise instructional materials to be more inclusive in narrative, visual, and digital dimensions. Recommendations are directed toward strengthening the internalization of moderation values through contextual pedagogical approaches and technology integration.
Integration of Digital Technology in Islamic Religious Education Learning: A Qualitative Study on Teachers’ Competence and Implementation Models in Secondary Schools
Purpose – The advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed the field of education, including Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. In Indonesia, the increasing number of internet users and the adoption of technological devices reflect a broad digital transformation. The Merdeka Belajar program demonstrates the government's commitment to digitizing education, including PAI. However, in rural areas such as Gunungkidul Regency, integrating technology into PAI learning still faces challenges, such as limited infrastructure readiness and teachers’ digital competence. Therefore, this study aims to identify the level of digital technology utilization in PAI learning, evaluate teachers’ digital competence, analyze the impact of technology integration on learning effectiveness, and develop a digital technology integration model relevant to the local context. Design/methods/approach – This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and surveys involving 30 PAI teachers from 19 senior high schools (SMA) in Gunungkidul Regency, selected using a purposive sampling technique. The analysis is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) frameworks to understand technology acceptance and teachers’ digital competence. Findings – The findings indicate that the utilization of digital technology in PAI learning is relatively widespread, with platforms such as Google Classroom, Moodle, and Edmodo being used. However, there are still gaps in infrastructure and teachers’ digital competence, particularly in creating interactive digital content. Most teachers still rely on simple presentation media and have not fully optimized technology for innovative learning. The integration of technology has been proven to enhance accessibility and interactivity in learning; however, it also poses challenges such as students’ dependency on technology and the limited training opportunities for teachers. To address these challenges, this study proposes a technology integration model that focuses on improving teachers’ digital competence, ensuring equitable infrastructure distribution, developing digital content, and implementing a hybrid learning model. Research implications – The findings provide recommendations for teachers, policymakers, and educational institutions to enhance the effectiveness of digital-based PAI learning. Several strategic steps are proposed, including intensive training for teachers in digital content creation, equalizing access to technology in remote areas, and implementing a hybrid learning model that combines conventional methods with digital technology. Furthermore, improving students’ digital literacy is also a crucial step to ensure that the integration of technology in PAI learning goes beyond mere accessibility and fosters a deeper understanding of Islamic values.
Balanced Reputation Management Strategy: A Cross-Site Case Study of Branding Image for Competitive Advantage in Indonesian Islamic Higher Education Institutions
Purpose – This study aims to examine branding image strategies in building competitive advantage at Private Islamic Religious Higher Education Institutions (Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Swasta or PTKIS) in Indonesia. The research focuses on Universitas Islam Zainul Hasan Genggong (UNZAH) and Sekolah Tinggi Dirasat Islamiyah Imam Syafi’i (STDIIS) Jember, which adopt both local and global branding approaches. This study responds to the need for a balanced reputation management model to strengthen PTKIS’s positioning amidst the dynamics of national and global higher education landscapes. Design/methods/approach – Employing a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design and cross-site analysis, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and analysis of strategic documents. Data analysis followed the Miles & Huberman interactive model, and validation was conducted through source triangulation. Findings – UNZAH successfully established its institutional identity through the integration of local and Islamic cultural values, leading to an increase of up to 1,000 new student enrollments per year. STDIIS developed a global branding strategy through Arabic language proficiency and a Madinah-based curriculum, attracting over 1,200 applicants. The conceptual model of Balanced Reputation Management Strategy was formulated to integrate local characteristics and global strategies within the institutional branding framework. Research implications – This model can be implemented by PTKIS administrators as a guideline for designing long-term branding strategies grounded in Islamic values, local culture, and international competitiveness, in order to strengthen institutional image and attract prospective students.
PPG Students’ Perceptions of Lecturer Competence in the In-Service PPG at the Teacher Education Institute (LPTK) of IAIN Pontianak: Cross-Sectional Quantitative Survey with PLS and Cronbach’s Alpha Validation
Purpose – To assess in-service Teacher Professional Education (Pendidikan Profesi Guru, PPG) students’ perceptions of lecturer competence in providing learning services in the in-service PPG program at the Teacher Education Institute (LPTK) of IAIN Pontianak. The research rationale refers to the demands of the 21st century, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), and the utilization of the Learning Management System (LMS). Design/methods/approach – Descriptive cross-sectional quantitative survey; 215 students were invited, 177 valid responses were analyzed (≈82,3%). Data were collected through a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis summarized domain scores; construct validity was evaluated with PLS (outer loadings ≥ 0,50) and reliability with Cronbach’s alpha (SPSS 22.0). Findings – All 27 items met the loading threshold. High reliability: pedagogical α=0,907 (9 items), professional α=0,888 (7), personality α=0,884 (6), social α=0,839 (5). Perceptions of lecturer competence “very good”: pedagogical 93,09%; professional 92,94%; personality 93,53%; social 93,08%. Item diagnostics highlighted areas for improvement: diversity of assessment, integration of research findings, consistency of words–actions, as well as lecturers’ closeness in recognizing students. Research implications – Program priorities: assessment literacy, research-based teaching, professional role modeling, and relational lecturer–student practices; calibration of assessment aligned with learning contracts/indicators; optimize the LMS so that the admin role is supportive, not substitutive.
The Role of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Character Education: A Qualitative Study at Mutiara Hikmah Vocational High School (SMK)
Purpose – This research aims to investigate the critical role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in character education at Mutiara Hikmah Vocational High School (SMK) during the 2022/2023 academic year. Within the context of globalization, which has significantly influenced moral values in Indonesia, this study seeks to address the noticeable decline in student discipline and morality. By focusing on the contributions of PAI teachers, the study aims to highlight effective strategies for enhancing student character development, shaping individuals who are intelligent, independent, and morally upright. Design/methods/approach – A descriptive qualitative methodology was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the dynamics at Mutiara Hikmah Vocational High School (SMK). This research involved participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. Data were collected from July 1 to August 20, 2023, through daily observations, interviews with PAI teachers, the principal, and other teachers, as well as analysis of school documents such as academic records and activity reports. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and patterns related to character education. Findings – The findings indicate that PAI teachers play a crucial role in instilling discipline and moral values through classroom instruction and extracurricular activities such as congregational prayers and Qur'an literacy sessions. However, challenges such as inconsistent disciplinary standards and limited parental involvement were noted. The study also highlights the need for improved facilities and ongoing training for teachers to support character education. Research implications – The results suggest that a holistic approach involving collaboration among teachers, parents, and the community is essential for effective character education. Policymakers and educators should prioritize the development of comprehensive character education programs that integrate cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of such programs and the specific contributions of various extracurricular activities.
Character Education, Islamic Religious Education, Discipline, Moral Values, Qualitative Study.
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Community-Based Non-Formal Education to Prevent Juvenile Delinquency: A Case Study of Rumah Pintar Kokoda in West Papua
Purpose – This study explores the implementation and impact of the Rumah Pintar (Smart House) initiative in Kokoda, West Papua, which aims to address juvenile delinquency through community-based non-formal education. The research is significant as it responds to urgent social concerns by offering a culturally grounded educational strategy that enhances adolescent literacy, moral awareness, and social behavior. Design/methods/approach – This study employs a qualitative approach using an intrinsic case study method to explore the effectiveness of the Rumah Pintar in Kokoda Village in mitigating juvenile delinquency through non-formal education. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, with participants selected purposively. Thematic analysis was employed, and data validity was ensured through triangulation and member checking. Findings – The findings reveal that strategic planning by community leaders—focused on addressing alcohol consumption, poverty, and lack of religious knowledge—significantly contributes to reducing delinquent behavior. Despite facing operational challenges and the absence of a formal evaluation system, the initiative has succeeded in lowering school dropout rates and promoting positive behavior through religious education and practical job training. Research implications – This study highlights the need for additional support and resources to improve educational infrastructure. Future research should focus on developing structured evaluation mechanisms and exploring further community-based strategies for youth development, emphasizing the critical role of education and moral guidance.
Adaptive Strategies of Pesantren in Java During COVID-19: Insights into Educational Resilience and Crisis Management
Purpose – This study investigates the adaptive strategies employed by pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in Java, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to understand how these institutions maintained educational standards amidst the crisis, providing insights that could benefit similar educational systems worldwide. Design/methods/approach – A qualitative multi-case study design was used, focusing on three pesantren: Pesantren Ibnul Qoyyim Yogyakarta, Pesantren Zhilalul Qur'an Jepara, and Pesantren Putri Al-Mawaddah Ponorogo. Data collection methods included direct observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Participants included heads, administrators, and teachers from each pesantren. Data were analyzed using interactive techniques involving open coding, axial coding, and comparative analysis to identify key themes. Findings – The study revealed distinct adaptive strategies across the pesantren: 1) Pesantren Ibnul Qoyyim adopted remote learning via Zoom and implemented stringent health protocols upon students' gradual return. 2) Pesantren Zhilalul Qur'an focused on online Quran memorization and established a dedicated clinic for health monitoring. 3) Pesantren Putri Al-Mawaddah limited external interactions and used a rotating teacher system to maintain educational delivery. Research implications – The findings highlight the resilience and adaptability of pesantren in crises, offering a model for other educational institutions. The study underscores the importance of innovation, flexibility, and cross-sector collaboration in managing educational continuity during global crises. These insights can inform policymakers and educational stakeholders in developing robust crisis management strategies.
COVID-19, pesantren, adaptive strategies, educational resilience, crisis management, remote learning.
Spiritual Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Lecturer Performance in Indonesian Higher Education: A PLS-SEM Analysis in Probolinggo
Purpose – In response to the challenges posed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, enhancing lecturer competitiveness has become crucial to ensuring the sustainability of higher education quality in Indonesia. This study aims to empirically examine the influence of spiritual leadership, organizational culture, and self-efficacy on lecturer performance, with a particular focus on higher education institutions in Probolinggo Regency, East Java—an area previously underexplored in academic research. Design/methods/approach – This study employs a quantitative correlational approach involving 220 lecturers from ten higher education institutions in Probolinggo. Data were collected through a closed-ended Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 through the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to assess the causal relationships among latent variables. Findings – The analysis reveals that all three independent variables—spiritual leadership (β = 1.330; p < 0.001), organizational culture (β = 1.588; p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (β = 0.503; p < 0.001)—have a significant impact on lecturer performance. The model demonstrates an R² value of 0.598, indicating that 59.8% of the variability in lecturer performance can be explained jointly by these three factors. Research implications – The findings have direct implications for higher education human resource development policies, particularly in fostering value-based leadership, strengthening adaptive work culture, and enhancing lecturers’ psychological capacity to promote sustainable academic performance.
Value-Based Leadership of Islamic Education Teachers and Its Role in Disciplinary Religious Practice Formation: A Qualitative Case Study in an Indonesian Public School
Purpose – This study aims to explore the contribution of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) teachers' leadership competencies in shaping students’ discipline in religious observance at SMPN 2 Sintoga. The research addresses an empirical gap in the literature, which seldom links the leadership of IRE teachers to students’ worship practices within formal educational settings. Design/methods/approach – A qualitative approach was employed using an intrinsic case study method. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis involving IRE teachers, the school principal, and students. Thematic analysis was conducted with methodological triangulation and validated through member checking. Findings – The leadership of IRE teachers plays a strategic role in fostering students’ religious discipline through the habituation of congregational prayer, Qur’anic recitation, and motivational approaches. Among the 24 eighth-grade students interviewed, more than two-thirds reported a shift from reluctance to regular engagement in religious practices. Leadership strategies included cross-functional coordination, reward-and-sanction systems, and consistent spiritual guidance. Research implications – The results offer practical implications for educators and policymakers in designing character education programs rooted in daily worship practices, positioning religious teachers as moral and spiritual change agents.
Enhancing Arabic Language Proficiency through Nested Curriculum Integration: A Qualitative Case Study at Diniyyah Puteri Padang Panjang, Indonesia
Purpose – The limited time allocated for Arabic language instruction within the Ministry of Religious Affairs curriculum encouraged Diniyyah Puteri Padang Panjang to implement curriculum integration to enhance students’ Arabic proficiency. This study aims to explain the implementation of the integration between the 2019 Ministerial Decree Curriculum (KMA) and the Diniyyah Arabic Center (DAC) Curriculum. Design/methods/approach – This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with four Arabic teachers, the principal, and the head of DAC, as well as documentation techniques. Data analysis was conducted through data collection, condensation, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Findings – The findings reveal that the curriculum integration at Diniyyah Puteri adopts a Nested Curriculum model characterized by: (1) Integrated learning objectives, including Arabic language skills and linguistic elements; (2) Learning materials that include both the official Ministry textbooks and supplementary resources such as Arabic camp programs, vocabulary enhancement, and muhadatsah mastery; (3) Time allocation combining two hours of formal instruction with non-formal learning within school and dormitory settings; (4) Learning activities that span classroom, dormitory, and school environment practices. The integration model contributes significantly to improved speaking and reading skills, as evidenced by students' increased interaction with native speakers and their readiness for further studies in the Middle East. Research implications – Despite these advancements, the integration model faces challenges related to the lack of a structured instructional system, indicating the need for systematic development in curriculum design and implementation frameworks.
Evaluation and Strategic Enhancement of School Counselors' Accountability: A Qualitative Case Study Based on the M.E.A.S.U.R.E Framework at MTs Negeri in Bogor City
Purpose – This study aims to evaluate the implementation of counselor accountability at MTs Negeri Kota Bogor and formulate evidence-based strategies to strengthen their professional practice. The research responds to systemic challenges in Indonesian public madrasahs, where high student-to-counselor ratios, limited facilities, and fragmented institutional support hinder effective counseling services aligned with national policy goals. Design/methods/approach – A qualitative intrinsic case study approach was employed, focusing on two key informants—a counselor and the school principal—through semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and document analysis. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 12, guided by the M.E.A.S.U.R.E accountability framework (Dahir & Stone, 2003), with methodological triangulation and member checking to ensure credibility. Findings – Findings indicate that while the counselor applies systematic planning and evaluation procedures, accountability practices remain constrained by structural barriers. Notable initiatives include weekly documentation, digital-based student needs assessment, and collaborative service integration into classroom learning. However, ineffective communication with parents, insufficient training in data use, and the absence of specialized supervision impede sustainable accountability. Research implications – The findings support five actionable recommendations: (1) institutionalization of service-specific SOPs, (2) low-tech digital integration for reporting and assessment, (3) regular training in program evaluation and data utilization, (4) strengthened principal–counselor collaboration, and (5) strategic partnerships with external psychological service providers. These steps align with the goals of the Kurikulum Merdeka and Permendikbud No. 111/2014, and can inform national-scale policy refinements
Exploring the Influence of Principal Leadership and Self-Development on Teacher Competence: Does the Mediation of Self-Experience Matter?
Purpose – This study aims to examine the influence of principal leadership and self-development on teacher competence, with self-experience serving as a mediating variable. It investigates both direct and indirect relationships to understand how these variables contribute to professional capacity building in education. Design/methods/approach – This research employed a quantitative approach using an ex post facto design. The sample consisted of 58 teachers from two Islamic junior high schools in East Java, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering four variables: principal leadership, self-development, self-experience, and teacher competence. A five-point Likert scale was used, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The evaluation included tests for convergent and discriminant validity, reliability, coefficient of determination (R²), effect size (ƒ²), predictive relevance (Q²), and both direct and indirect path coefficients. Findings – The results show that principal leadership has a significant direct effect on teacher competence (β = 0.468, T = 3.002, p < 0.01), but no significant effect on self-experience (β = –0.066, p > 0.05). Self-development significantly influences self-experience (β = 0.882, T = 5.897, p < 0.001), though its direct effect on teacher competence is not significant (β = 0.197, p > 0.05). Self-experience positively influences teacher competence (β = 0.324) but does not serve as a statistically significant mediator in the relationship between either principal leadership or self-development and teacher competence. The model explains 81% of the variance in teacher competence (R² = 0.810) and shows strong predictive relevance (Q² = 0.566). Research implications – Fi Schools and educational policymakers should support leadership development and design self-development programs that emphasize reflective practice. Teachers should be encouraged to engage in activities that integrate personal teaching experiences into their professional growth strategies to optimize instructional effectiveness.