Ulama Pewaris Para Nabi; Kajian Awal Tipologi Ulama Kontemporer Prespektif Abdullah Saeed

Abstract

Abstrak

Al-‘ulama’ Warasatat al-Anbiya (‘Ulama pewaris para Nabi), andagium ini memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap posisi dan status institusi ‘Ulama di masyarakat Muslim. Dalam lintasan sejarah masyarakat Islam beranggapan bahwa pemegang otoritas kebenaran Islam pasca Nabi Muhammad wafat adalah ‘Ulama. Bagi mereka ‘ulama adalah orang-orang pilihan bahkan dianggap “orang suci” kerena penguasaan ilmu agama, prilaku zuhud, dan bersambung nasabnya sampai Nabi Muhammad. Namun seiring waktu dan dinamika perubahan masyarakat di dunia Islam pemaknaan terhadap institusi ‘Ulama mengalami pergeseran dan perubahan. Perubahan pemaknaan ‘ulama dapat dipetakan pada batasan era klasik dan era kontemporer. Era klasik pemaknaan ulama di standartkan pada penguasaan keilmuan Islam klasik (Tafisr, Hadits, Kalam, Tasawuf, Ushul fiqih, dll) dan penguatan spiritual yang termanifestasikan pada prilaku zuhud dan ma’rifatulllah atau khasyatullah. Adapun pemaknaan ‘Ulama di era masa kini (kontemporer) memiliki pemaknaan yang berbeda dengan era klasik, dibawah ini akan dibahas pemetaan awal terhadap karakter dan tipologi ulama di era kontemporer, yang tentu masih diperlukan pendiskusian secara holistik dan komperhensif.

Kata Kunci: Tipologi, ‘Ulama, Kontemporer, Khazanah Pemikiran Islam

Abstract

Al-‘ulama ’Warasatat al-Anbiya (‘ Ulama heirs of the Prophets), andagium had a major influence on the position and status of ‘Ulama institutions in Muslim societies. In the course of history the Islamic community considers that the holder of the authority of Islamic truth after the death of the Prophet Muhammad was ‘Ulama. For them, the ulema were chosen people and were even considered "holy men" because of their mastery of religious knowledge, the conduct of zuhud, and continued to the Prophet until the Prophet Muhammad. But over time and the dynamics of change in society in the Islamic world the meaning of the institution ‘Ulama experienced a shift and change. Changes in the meaning of ‘ulama can be mapped to the boundaries of the classical and contemporary eras. The classical era of ulama's interpretation is standardized in the mastery of classical Islamic scholarship (Tafisr, Hadith, Kalam, Sufism, Usul fiqh, etc.) and spiritual reinforcement manifested in the behavior of zuhud and ma'rifatulllah or khasyatullah. As for the meaning of ‘Ulama in the current era (contemporary) has a different meaning from the classical era, below will be discussed early mapping of the character and typology of scholars in the contemporary era, which of course still requires a holistic and comprehensive discussion.