Pembunuhan Pertama Manusia dalam Kitab Suci; Kajian Komparatif Al-Qur’an dan Bible
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Abstract
Artikel ini fokus mengkaji pembunuhan pertama dalam sejarah umat manusia yang dilakukan oleh Qābīl kepada Hābīl dalam Al-Qur’an dan Bible. Kisah ini dituturkan oleh Al-Qur’an (meskipun anonim) dalam Q.S. al-Mā’idah [5]: 27-31 dan oleh Bible dalam Kitab Kejadian 4: 1-26. Dengan tujuan memperoleh hasil yang komprehensif dan menunjukkan perbedaan serta persamaan antara kedua tradisi yang berbeda, penulis menggali data dari berbagai kitab tafsir Al-Qur’an dan juga tafsir atas Bible, begitu pula artikel-artilel jurnal yang berkaitan dengan ini. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa cerita dalam Bible ditulis secara lebih lengkap. Meskipun demikian, ada beberapa konten cerita yang tidak dipaparkan oleh Bible ternyata disebutkan oleh Al-Qur’an, misalnya dialog antara Qābīl dengan Hābīl dan pengutusan burung gagak. Secara lebih luas, bisa dikatakan bahwa dua kitab suci ini sebenarnya membawa materi sendiri-sendiri yang saling melengkapi satu sama lain. Benang merah keduanya hanya berkisar pada proses pengurbanan, penerimaannya, dan pembunuhan Hābīl oleh Qābīl. Gaya penuturan yang berbeda ini dikarenakan tujuan yang berbeda. Al-Qur’an menginginkan adanya ibrah atas cerita yang disebutkannya, akan tetapi Bible lebih pada cerita yang cenderung lebih lengkap dan kronologis.
This article focuses on examining the first murder in the history of mankind by Cain against Abel in the Al-Quran and the Bible. This story is told by the Qur'an (although anonymous) in the Q.S. al-Mā'idah [5]: 27-31 and by the Bible in the Book of Genesis 4: 1-26. With the aim of obtaining comprehensive results and showing the differences and similarities between the two different traditions, the author explores data from various interpretations of the Al-Qur'an and also the interpretation of the Bible, likewise journal articles relating to this. The author concludes that the story in the Bible is written more fully. Even so, there are some story content that is not described by the Bible which is actually mentioned by the Qur'an, for example the dialogue between Cain and Abel and the sending of the crow. More broadly, it can be said that these two scriptures actually carry separate materials that complement one another. The common thread of the two only revolves around the process of sacrifice, acceptance, and killing of Abel by Cain. These different styles of narrative are due to different purposes. The Qur'an wants ibrah (teachings) on the stories it mentions, but the Bible is more of a story which tends to be more complete and chronological.
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