PERLINDUNGAN PENGUNGSI ETNIS ROHINGYA DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF POLITIK ISLAM
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Abstract
Krisis pengungsi Rohingya merupakan persoalan serius dalam ranah hak asasi manusia dan migrasi paksa di Asia Tenggara yang menuntut respons kebijakan yang komprehensif dan kontekstual. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana kebijakan perlindungan pengungsi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh dinamika politik Islam, dengan fokus pada tantangan dan peluang yang muncul dalam formulasi dan implementasinya. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan analisis data sekunder berupa dokumen kebijakan, laporan lembaga internasional, serta literatur akademik. Kerangka teori yang digunakan adalah teori politik Islam, yang menekankan prinsip-prinsip empati, solidaritas umat, dan tanggung jawab kemanusiaan dalam konteks negara berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Indonesia belum meratifikasi Konvensi Pengungsi 1951, pengaruh nilai-nilai Islam melalui aktor negara dan non-negara mendorong terbentuknya kebijakan yang lebih responsif secara moral terhadap pengungsi, termasuk melalui Perpres No. 125 Tahun 2016. Namun, kelemahan koordinasi antar lembaga, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan absennya regulasi jangka panjang masih menjadi kendala utama dalam perlindungan pengungsi Rohingya.
Kata kunci: Diplomasi; Hak Asasi Manusia; Pengungsi; Politik Islam; Rohingya
The Rohingya refugee crisis is a critical issue in the realm of human rights and forced migration in Southeast Asia, demanding a comprehensive and context-sensitive policy response. This study examines how Indonesia’s refugee protection policies are influenced by the dynamics of political Islam, focusing on the challenges and opportunities in policy formulation and implementation. A qualitative approach was employed, using secondary data such as policy documents, reports from international organizations, and academic literature. The theoretical framework used is political Islam, which emphasizes principles of empathy, communal solidarity, and humanitarian responsibility in the context of a Muslim-majority country. The findings reveal that although Indonesia has not ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention, Islamic values—expressed through both state and non-state actors—encourage the development of morally responsive refugee policies, such as Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016. However, weak inter-agency coordination, limited resources, and the absence of long-term legal frameworks remain key obstacles in providing effective protection for Rohingya refugees.
Keyword: Diplomacy; Human Rights; Refugees; Political Islam; Rohingya
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