THE SPIRITUALITY OF NGARUPUK TRADITION IN JAVANESE AND BALINESE HINDU CULTURE IN WAY PANJI DISTRICT, SOUTH LAMPUNG
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Ngarupuk tradition is an important Hindu ritual performed before Nyepi Day as a means of purifying oneself and the environment from negative influences. The differences in the implementation of Ngarupuk in the Javanese and Balinese Hindu communities in Way Panji District, South Lampung, indicate variations in symbolism and spiritual meaning that are interesting to study. This study aims to analyze the spiritual meaning and symbolism of the Ngarupuk tradition in both communities. The study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The analysis is based on the theory of religious symbolism, which views rituals as a medium for conveying spiritual meaning through cultural and religious symbols. The results show that the Javanese Hindu community performs Ngarupuk simply by emphasizing a contemplative atmosphere, the use of torches, kentongan (a wooden drum), and minimalist symbols that represent the release of negative traits in humans. Meanwhile, the Balinese Hindu community performs Ngarupuk with a more complex procession through an ogoh-ogoh parade, offering rituals, and various traditional symbols that reflect the human struggle against negative forces. Despite differences in implementation, both communities share the same spiritual goals: self-purification, self-control, and strengthening one's relationship with God. The Ngarupuk tradition also plays a role in maintaining religious identity, strengthening social solidarity, and supporting harmonious multicultural life in Way Panji District.
Keywords:Ngarupuk, cultural dynamics, religious rituals
Tradisi Ngarupuk merupakan salah satu ritual penting dalam agama Hindu yang dilaksanakan menjelang Hari Raya Nyepi sebagai sarana penyucian diri dan lingkungan dari pengaruh negatif. Perbedaan bentuk pelaksanaan Ngarupuk pada komunitas Hindu Jawa dan Hindu Bali di Kecamatan Way Panji, Lampung Selatan, menunjukkan adanya variasi simbolisme dan pemaknaan spiritual yang menarik untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna spiritual dan simbolisme tradisi Ngarupuk pada kedua komunitas tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Analisis penelitian didasarkan pada teori simbolisme religius yang memandang ritual sebagai media penyampaian makna spiritual melalui simbol-simbol budaya dan keagamaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Hindu Jawa melaksanakan Ngarupuk secara sederhana dengan menekankan suasana kontemplatif, penggunaan obor, kentongan, dan simbol-simbol minimalis yang merepresentasikan pelepasan sifat-sifat negatif dalam diri manusia. Sementara itu, masyarakat Hindu Bali melaksanakan Ngarupuk dengan prosesi yang lebih kompleks melalui pawai ogoh-ogoh, ritual persembahan, dan berbagai simbol adat yang mencerminkan perjuangan manusia melawan kekuatan negatif. Meskipun terdapat perbedaan dalam bentuk pelaksanaan, kedua komunitas memiliki tujuan spiritual yang sama, yaitu penyucian diri, pengendalian diri, serta penguatan hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan. Tradisi Ngarupuk juga berperan dalam menjaga identitas religius, mempererat solidaritas sosial, dan mendukung terciptanya keharmonisan kehidupan multikultural di Kecamatan Way Panji.
Kata kunci: Ngarupuk, dinamika budaya, ritual keagamaan
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Bali-Lampung, Kami, and Politik Identitas Etnik Bali Migran. “Dalam Masyarakat Multikultural Way Kanan, Lampung1 Zainal Arifin2 Abstraksi.” Jurnal Pemikiran Sosiologi Volume 7, no. 1 (2020).
Barth, Christiane. “‘ In Illo Tempore, at the Center of the World’: Mircea Eliade and Religious Studies’ Concepts of Sacred Time and Space.” Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung, 2013, 59–75.
Budianto, Aan. “Genealogi Moderasi Beragama Pada Masyarakat Transmigran Jawa Dan Bali Dengan Penduduk Asli Di Lampung Tengah Tahun 1950-1998.” Ulumuddin: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 14, no. 2 (2024): 173–94.
Diantary, Yunitha Asry. “Etika Ritual Hindu Di Bali Menghadapi Masa Pandemi.” Satya Widya: Jurnal Studi Agama 4, no. 1 (2021): 43–58.
Durkheim, Emile. “The Elementary Forms of Religious Life.” In Social Theory Re-Wired, 52–67. Routledge, 2016.
Eka, Nali. “Bentuk, Ideologi Dan Makna Manenga Lewu Sebagai Upacara Kematian Pasca Penguburan Bagi Penganut Hindu Kaharingan Di Desa Tarantang Kabupaten Kapuas.” Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu 8, no. 1 (2024): 130–44.
Fadli, Muhammad Rijal. “Memahami Desain Metode Penelitian Kualitatif.” Humanika: Kajian Ilmiah Mata Kuliah Umum 21, no. 1 (2021): 33–54.
Fauzia, Sifa Destry. “Ekspresi Verbal Dan Nonverbal Dalam Tradisi Upacara Kematian Masyarakat Samin Di Desa Tapelan Kecamatan Ngraho Kabupaten Bojonegoro (Kajian Etnolinguistik),” 2018.
Gunawan, Ida Bagus Made Sadu, I Gusti Agung Paramita, and I Gusti Ngurah Teguh Arya Saputra. “Jamali: Identitas Hindu Di Dusun Bongso Wetan Dan Kulon Desa Pengalangan Gresik Jawa Timur.” Dharmasmrti: Jurnal Ilmu Agama Dan Kebudayaan 20, no. 1 (2020): 61–66.
Hasan, Hasni, Rahman Daus, Putu Sevita, Ahmad Rizky Fauzi, and La Ode Wahidin. “Tradisi ‘Ngayah’ Pada Masyarakat Bali: Nilai-Nilai Keberagaman Dan Keberlanjutan Budaya Di Kecamatan Landono Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Sulawesi Tenggara.” Tambo: Journal of Manuscript and Oral Tradition 3, no. 1 (2025): 65–77.
Hasanah, Hasyim. “Teknik-Teknik Observasi (Sebuah Alternatif Metode Pengumpulan Data Kualitatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial).” At-Taqaddum 8, no. 1 (2017): 21–46.
Ismail, Roni. “Resolusi Konflik Keagamaan Integratif: Studi atas Resolusi Konflik Keagamaan Ambon”, Living Islam, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2020; 451-469; doi: https://doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v3i2.2458
Ismail, Roni, Abidin Wakano, dan Genoveva Leasiwal, “Resolusi Konflik Keagamaan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal: Studi Pela Gandong di Ambon”, Living Islam, Vol. 5, No. 1, Tahun 2022; 93-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v5i1.3012.
Jaya, I Made Laut Mertha. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif: Teori, Penerapan, Dan Riset Nyata. Anak Hebat Indonesia, 2020.
Junia, Ie Lien R. “Mengenal Hukum Adat Awig-Awig Di Dalam Desa Adat Bali.” Jurnal Hukum Dan HAM Wara Sains 2, no. 09 (2023): 828–44.
Karman, Karman. “Everyday Religion: Tawaran Metode Penelitian Sosial Bagi Pengembangan Studi Islam.” Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (2021): 181–208.
Lini, Eka Setya, Ni Gusti Ayu Agung Nerawati, and Ni Wayan Arini. “Giat Nguopin Wanita Bali Di Desa Tegal Tugu Gianyar.” Metta: Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin 3, no. 2 (2023): 145–55.
Makhmudah, Siti, and Zainal Arifn. “Pendampingan Masyarakat Dusun Nglarangan Melalui Dialektika Potret Islam-Hindu Bali Dalam Rangka Membangun Komitmen Religius Masyarakat Petani Di Desa Bajulan, Kab. Nganjuk.” Ngaliman: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 1 (2025): 1–15.
Meutia, Intan Fitri, and Haruya Kagami. “Adaptation and Continuity: Banjar Organizations and the Preservation of Balinese Ethnic Identity among Transmigrant Communities in Lampung, Indonesia.” Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 16, no. 1 (2026): 1–25.
Miles, Matthew B, A Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldana. “Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook.” (No Title), 2014.
Muamalah, Mahdinatin, Reva Ramadhana Bella Pratiwi, Rizki Meilina Nabila, and Anggun Margaretha Sutomo Putri. “Tradisi Ogoh-Ogoh Untuk Mewujudkan Kerukunan Antarumat Hindu Dan Islam.” Journal of Education Research 4, no. 1 (2023): 276–82.
paramitha Sari, Anggy. “Nilai Filosofis Simbol Nini Dan Implikasinya Bagi Masyarakat Di Desa Pakraman Piling Kecamatan Penebel Kabupaten Tabanan.” Widya Katambung 13, no. 2 (2022): 1–12.
Puspa, Anak Agung Oka, Kadek Hemamalini, Untung Suhardi, and Wayan Kemenuh. “Tradisi Reboan Sebagai Upacara Pitra Puja Pada Masyarakat Hindu Jawa Di Lampung (Kajian Komunikasi Sosio-Religius),” n.d.
Rahmawati, Ira, and Edi Rohaedi. “Tradisi Ngubur Bali Di Desa Cikalong, Kecamatan Pajawan Kidul, Kabupaten Kuningan.” Jaladri: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Bahasa Sunda 11, no. 1 (2025): 43–47.
Suardana, I Nengah. “Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Agama Hindu Dalam Tradisi Gébug Endé.” ŚRUTI: Jurnal Agama Hindu 3, no. 1 (2022): 40–50.
Sugiarta, I P. “Makna Dan Nilai-Nilai Agama Hindu Dalam Pelaksanaan Upacara Potong Gigi Bagi Masyarakat Bersuku Bali Di Desa Restu Rahayu.” Sang Acharya: Jurnal Profesi Guru 5, no. 1 (2024): 113–20.
Sujaelanto. “Sesaji Kearifan Lokal Upacara Taur Di Candi Prambanan 2018.” Widya Aksara : Jurnal Agama Hindu 23, no. 2 SE-Articles (August 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.54714/widyaaksara.v23i2.37.
Thoha, Anis Malik. Tren Pluralisme Agama: Tinjauan Kritis. Gema Insani, 2005.
Wibisono, Damar, Anita Damayantie, Pairul Syah, Suwarno Suwarno, and Abdul Syani. “Strategi Pelestarian Makna Dan Fungsi Kearifan Lokal Nengah-Nyappur Pada Masyarakat Adat Marga Legun Paksi Bulok, Kalianda, Lampung Selatan.” Sosiologi: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Ilmu Sosial Dan Budaya 23, no. 2 (2021): 226–43.
Wijoyo, U P Hadion. “Peran Orang Tua Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Anak Terhadap Agama Buddha,” n.d.
Winter, Tim. “Cultures of Interpretation.” In Heritage and Tourism, 172–86. Routledge, 2013.
Yasa, I Nyoman Kartika. “Tradisi Upacara Tiga Bulan Menurut Agama Hindu Di Bali: Three Months Ceremony Tradition According to Hindu Religion in Bali.” Nirwasita: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah Dan Ilmu Sosial 5, no. 1 (2024): 75–87.
Yusuf, Muhammad, and Ali Mursyid Azisi. “Upacara Bhuta Yadnya Sebagai Ajang Pelestarian Alam.” Religi: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama 16, no. 1 (2020): 113–31.