Refleksi Jurnal Filsafat dan Pemikiran Islam
Journal title Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Keislaman Abbreviation/frequency Refleksi/January & July Acess Open Access e-ISSN / p-ISSN 25484745 / 14119951 DOI Prefix https://doi.org/10.14421/ref by Editor-in-chief Prof. Dr. Robby Habiba Abror (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga) Organized/ Publihser Program Studi Akidah dan Filsafat Islam, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Indexing Licensed Refleksi: Jurnal Filsafat dan Keislaman is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on scholarly research in philosophy and Islamic intellectual traditions. The journal welcomes contributions based on both textual analysis and empirical fieldwork, encompassing diverse perspectives in philosophy, Islamic philosophy, theology, and mysticism (Sufism). Refleksi particularly invites manuscripts that explore Islamic philosophy and Sufism, including their intersections with various disciplines such as political science, religious studies, economics, cultural studies, education, and contemporary socio-political issues. Interdisciplinary approaches that offer critical insights into classical and modern Islamic thought are especially encouraged. Published biannually in January and July, with articles released in each of these editions, Refleksi has been in continuous publication since July 2001. The journal is managed by the Department of Theology and Islamic Philosophy, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Islamic Thought, State Islamic University (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Since 2021, Refleksi has established a formal collaboration through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Asosiasi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam (Association of Islamic Theology and Philosophy) under reference numbers 035/AAFI/JUR/X/2021 and UIN.02/DU/PP.00.9/35/2021.
The Relationship between Truth and Art in Martin Heidegger's Thought: An Analysis of Relevance to the Existence of AI Chatbots
This research explores the relationship between truth and art in Martin Heidegger's philosophy, particularly its relevance to the existence of AI chatbots. Heidegger redefines truth not as static correspondence but as aletheia—unconcealment, where entities reveal themselves through processes such as art and language. Art, for Heidegger, is the primary means by which truth is disclosed, opening up new worlds and perspectives beyond ordinary perception. In contrast, modern technology, epitomized by AI, operates through Enframing (Gestell), which reduces beings to resources, obscuring their authentic revelation. The central question of this research is whether AI chatbots, such as ChatGPT and Gemini, can engage in the unconcealment of truth as Heidegger describes it or if they are merely mechanical simulations of human creativity. Through an analysis of Heidegger’s concepts of aletheia and Gestell, the study examines the ontological implications of AI in relation to human existence and the unveiling of truth. The research finds that, despite their ability to generate text that simulates human conversation, AI chatbots lack the existential grounding of Dasein—the human condition necessary for true unconcealment. Therefore, while AI may mimic creativity, it cannot genuinely participate in the revelation of truth in Heideggerian terms. The study concludes by emphasizing the irreplaceable role of human engagement in the process of aletheia, which AI systems, by nature, cannot replicate, offering a critique of AI’s impact on understanding of art, truth, and human authenticity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rifqi Khairul Anam http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EDITORIAL: Withdraw, Corrections, and Retractions
Copyright (c) 2025 Fahruddin Faiz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Fitrah dan Perkembangan Manusia Dalam Al-Qur’an dan Hadis (Tinjauan Filsafat Pendidikan Eksistensialis)
Dunia saat ini dihadapkan pada—apa yang disebut oleh Ziauddin Sardar sebagai—global problematique, problem yang terintegrasi dengan berbagai peristiwa global. Situasi ini tanpa disadari telah melupakan fitrah dan bagaimana seharusnya manusia dalam perkembangannya yang kemudian mengakibatkan krisis eksistensial yang pada akhirnya menimbulkan berbagai masalah yang diakibatkan manusia. Usaha untuk melakukan perubahan pada akhirnya menjadi utopis dan nyaris mustahil. Gagasan dalam Filsafat Pendidikan Eksistensialis dinantikan untuk menjadi tawaran alternatif bagi kemelut ini. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah menggali kembali fitrah dan perkembangan manusia yang bersumber dari al-Qur’an dan Hadis agar menumbuhkan eksistensi manusia sebagaimana yang telah ditentukan oleh Allah. Dengan menggunakan kajian pustaka (library research) bertujuan untuk mengkaji fitrah dan perkembangan manusia dalam al-Qur’an dan Hadis dalam bingkai Filsafat Pendidikan Eksistensialis. Dari kajian ini menghasilkan bahwa secara fitrah, manusia diposisikan dan menyadari bahwa dirinya sebagai khalifah dimuka bumi untuk selalu beribadah kepada Allah SWT dan menjaga kelangsungan kehidupan. Dalam perkembangannya, manusia harus membekali dirinya dengan pikiran yang jernih dan character building
Copyright (c) 2025 Ridhatullah Assya'bani, Mahyuddin Barni, Abdul Basir, Ahmad Khairuddin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Schopenhauer’s Pessimism And Nietzsche’s Optimism In Will Humans : Islamic Perspective as Middle way
The competitive life of modern humans is often colored by the pressure to achieve success, thus giving rise to two basic attitudes, namely pessimism and optimism that come from human will. This study aims to explore how Schopenhauer and Nietzsche's perspectives on human will relate to pessimistic and optimistic attitudes in the context of competitive modern life. The research question posed is how these two philosophical views can be integrated with the Islamic perspective to find a balance between the two. The method used is descriptive qualitative research through literature study, which uses the method of interpretation and dialogical analysis of the works of both philosophers as well as Islamic texts. The results of the study show that Schopenhauer sees the will as a source of suffering that produces pessimism, while Nietzsche emphasizes the will to power as a driver of optimism and growth. The Islamic perspective offers a middle way by emphasizing the importance of ikhtiar and tawakal, which allows individuals to accept uncertainty while remaining optimistic. By combining these two views, this study highlights how the balance between pessimism and optimism can help individuals face the challenges of modern life and reach their maximum potential.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oci Anggraini Anggraini, Sa'adah Mardliyati, Elvira Purnamasari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Menumbuhkan Self Acceptance Melalui Konsep Mahabbah
Tujuan penelitian ini membahas mengenai konsep mahabbah dalam menubuhkan self acceptance. Metode penelitian ini mengunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif lebih menekankan analisis pada proses penyimpulan deduktif dan induktif . Artikel ini menemukan bahwa konsep mahabbah, terutama cinta kepada Allah, berperan penting dalam meningkatkan penerimaan diri (self acceptance) individu. Penerimaan diri yang didasari oleh mahabbah tidak hanya memperkuat hubungan spiritual dengan Allah, tetapi juga meningkatkan kesejahteraan emosional dan mental. Keikhlasan dalam menerima takdir dan rasa syukur atas keadaan diri menjadi kunci dalam proses ini. Meskipun banyak penelitian sebelumnya membahas penerimaan diri, integrasi antara mahabbah dan self acceptance masih terbatas, sehingga penelitian ini mengisi kekosongan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini juga merekomendasikan pengembangan program intervensi yang mengintegrasikan aspek spiritual dalam praktik kesehatan mental, memberikan dukungan bagi individu yang kesulitan menerima diri mereka sendiri Peneltian ini memiliki keterbatasan karena, pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif dengan metode kepustakaan, sehingga hanya berfokus pada analisis literatur tanpa pengujian empiris langsung.
Copyright (c) 2025 adelia febrianty; Idrus Alkaf, Yulian Rama Pri Handiki http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relevansi Pemikiran Ibnu 'Arabi Bagi Masyarakat Digital: Sebuah Refleksi Filosofis
Ibn ‘Arabi is a highly influential philosopher and Sufi within the Islamic civilization. While his thoughts have been extensively studied by scholars, their relevance to the life of digital society has seldom been explored. This research aims to examine the applicability of Ibn ‘Arabi’s thoughts in addressing the challenges and issues faced by digital society, such as social anxiety, dependency on social media validation, and more. The study seeks to offer pathways toward balancing technological advancement with the preservation of spiritual values. Employing a library research method with a philosophical approach, this study aims to produce critical, reflective, and comprehensive insights. Referring to various literature on Ibn 'Arabi and the life of digital society, the findings of this study indicate that Ibn 'Arabi's teachings remain relevant, albeit not in their entirety. The concept of al-Insān al-Kāmil highlights the importance of honesty and inner integrity amid the pressures of social media, encouraging individuals to avoid solely seeking external validation and instead to use digital platforms as a means of spreading goodness and building meaningful connections. Meanwhile, the concept of Waḥdat al-Wujūd teaches that each individual is a manifestation of the One Divine, fostering self-acceptance and gratitude, as well as promoting tolerance for diversity. By understanding and embracing these two concepts, digital society can strive for a balance between technological progress and spiritual awareness, fostering a more meaningful life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Khusnial Muhtar, Hafidz Iman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Disparitas dan Sinergitas Epistemologi Filsafat Al-Farabi dan Ibnu Sina dalam Pendidikan Islam 5.0
Penelitian ini didasarkan pada adanya kesenjangan antara idealisme pendidikan Islam yang berfokus pada pembentukan karakter moral dan kenyataan pendidikan modern yang lebih sering menekankan aspek kognitif. Di era Pendidikan Islam 5.0, teknologi dan kecerdasan buatan atau artificial intellegence (AI) menjadi elemen kunci dalam proses pembelajaran, namun seringkali mengesampingkan aspek pembentukan moral dan karakter. Secara ideal, pendidikan Islam seharusnya mampu menggabungkan teknologi dengan nilai-nilai spiritual dan moral yang diajarkan oleh Al-Farabi dan Ibnu Sina. Namun, pada praktiknya, moralitas sering diabaikan dalam evaluasi pendidikan, yang berdampak pada dekadensi moral dan kurangnya kesiapan siswa menghadapi era digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi perbedaan dan keselarasan epistemologi Al-Farabi dan Ibnu Sina dalam konteks Pendidikan Islam 5.0, khususnya dalam pembentukan karakter dan pengembangan keterampilan. Melalui metode kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa Al-Farabi menekankan pendidikan sebagai alat kontribusi sosial, sedangkan Ibnu Sina lebih fokus pada pembentukan keterampilan kerja yang dibangun atas dasar moralitas. Sinergitas antara konsep epistemologi kedua filsuf ini dalam mendukung Pendidikan Islam 5.0 adalah pada tujuan pendidikan Islam yang mengarah pada pengembangan peserta didik secara fisik, intelektual, moral, karakter, dan keterampilan. Adapun konsep pembentukan karakter dan moralitas menurut Al-Farabi dan Ibnu Sina yang dapat diadaptasikan ke dalam pendidikan Islam 5.0 yang didominasi oleh teknologi dan kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence) adalah dengan mengembangkan metode pengajaran berbasis teknologi digital yang tetap menanamkan nilai-nilai moral.
Copyright (c) 2025 Utami Qonita, Balqis Nada' Melfirosha, Muhammad Parhan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Religious Tolerance In Tunisia: Divergent Perspectives Of Thâalbi And Ibn Achour
Studi ini mengeksplorasi pandangan Muhammad Tahir ibn Achour dan Abdelaziz Thâalbi tentang toleransi agama dalam Islam, menganalisis bagaimana pandangan mereka dibentuk oleh konteks sosial-politik dan kerangka intelektual masing-masing. Ibn Achour, sebagai seorang sarjana dan tradisionalis, menekankan toleransi agama sebagai nilai inti Islam, dengan fokus pada penafsiran teks dan pembaruan intelektual untuk mendorong harmoni antaragama. Pendekatannya sejalan dengan tafsir Islam klasik dan konsep Mawashid Syariah, yang mengusung pemahaman yang lebih mendalam terhadap teks-teks agama dalam menghadapi tantangan modern. Sebaliknya, Thâalbi memandang toleransi melalui lensa agenda nasionalisnya, menjadikannya alat untuk memperkuat solidaritas melawan kolonialisme Prancis. Ia menekankan prinsip etika Islam terhadap non-Muslim, namun dalam kerangka politik yang bertujuan untuk kesatuan nasional dan perlawanan terhadap penindasan kolonial. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif komparatif, menganalisis sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder, termasuk karya-karya kedua pemikir dan konteks sejarah mereka. Temuan studi menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan Ibn Achour memberikan kedalaman teologis dan filosofis dalam diskursus toleransi, sementara penerapan toleransi oleh Thâalbi memiliki tujuan politis. Analisis komparatif ini tidak hanya memperdalam pemahaman kita tentang bagaimana kedua pemikir ini menangani tantangan koeksistensi dan keberagaman budaya pada masa mereka, tetapi juga memberikan kontribusi pada perdebatan filosofis yang lebih luas tentang toleransi baik dalam konteks Islam maupun konteks modern.
Copyright (c) 2025 Labib Elmuna, Amine Khafidin, Luthfi Fathurrahman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Mengulas Peran Imajinasi dalam Pencarian Kebenaran dan Keyakinan Perspektif Immanuel Kant dan Cornelius Castoriadis
This research aims to examine the extent to which imagination plays a role in the search for truth and the formation of human beliefs, with a focus on the perspective of Immanuel Kant and Cornelius Castoriadis. Kant, within the framework of his critical philosophy, underscores the central role of imagination in shaping our aesthetic, moral and knowledge experiences. Imagination, for him, is the power of synthesis that connects empirical data with pure concepts of reason. Meanwhile, Castoriadis sees imagination as a creative force that underlies the formation of society and individual identity. Imagination, in Castoriadis's perspective, is the source of all social institutions, values and norms. This study will carry out an in-depth comparison between Kant's and Castoriadis' views regarding the role of imagination. It is hoped that this comparative analysis will reveal the points of contact and differences between the two philosophers, as well as provide a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of imagination in human life. This research uses a conceptual analysis approach to analyze and compare the ideas of the two philosophers. In this way, it is hoped that it can contribute to philosophical studies regarding epistemology, especially regarding the formation of knowledge and reality. Apart from that, this study is also relevant to the study of social philosophy, because imagination has a central role in the formation of society and collective identity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dinar Indah Guniarti, Komarudin Sassi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Telaah Hermeneutika Kritis terhadap Femisida dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an serta Relevansinya terhadapa Pendidikan Agama Islam
Gender injustice that seems to be legitimized by normative texts is seriously challenged by problems of interpretation. This research is a library research and qualitative. The author focuses on Femicide in the Perspective of the Qur'an: A Critical Hermeneutic Analysis and its Relevance to Islamic Religious Education. Femicide is a criminal act of sadistic murder based on hatred of women committed by men. In the Qur'anic perspective, it is substantially described in four verses, namely QS. al-An'am 6: 137, QS. At-Takwir 81: 8, QS. An-Nahl 16: 59 and QS. This is a historical fact as documented in several Prophetic traditions. Femicide behavior in pre-Islamic times should be reinterpreted according to the times. The word can be understood to mean sadistic behavior such as being mutilated, abused, burned, crushed, and so on. Femicide is relevant to discuss because PAI plays an important role in shaping human values and attitudes. PAI has the potential to be an effective tool in instilling aspects of humanity, justice, and respect for human rights, including women's rights.
Copyright (c) 2024 indal abror, Al-Faiz Muhammad Rabbany Tarman, Tri Wulandari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial (AI): Sebuah Eksplorasi Metaetika atas Kebijakan Regulasi AI di Indonesia dan Internasional
This article examines the regulation of AI development and usage at the national and international levels using a metaethical approach. The defended thesis is that AI cannot be positioned as a moral agent because it lacks the feature of consciousness (an epistemological problem). The subjective reality formed by human thought and consciousness differs from the reality formed by AI's computational processes (an ontological problem). This article is an articulation of research categorized as a literature study with qualitative data analysis, referring to key documents on AI ethics at the national and international levels. The conclusion drawn is that all AI actions are subordinate to human actions and are therefore never value-free. AI is not a moral agent, and the regulation of AI development, application, and usage requires an ethical framework that can accommodate moral progress in a manner that aligns linearly with the rapid innovation progress of AI over time. In other words, AI regulation must operate within a dialectical framework that allows space for evaluation and re-contextualization to remain relevant to the dynamics of social and cultural realities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Rodinal Khair Khasri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relasi Virtual Guru Dan Murid Di Ruang Digital: Studi Atas Laman Website Tarekat Syadziliyah dan Naqsyabandi Haqqani
Sufis believe that closeness to God cannot be learned alone through intellectual contemplation, but must be experienced through the guidance of a teacher (murshid). The relationship between a murshid and a salik, which they call a suhbah, is described as a friendly relationship that needs to be established in a friendly atmosphere. So with the spirit of such relationships, it is not surprising that Sufism is now being looked at as a solution to the problems of the contemporary social world. Two large Sufism orders, Naqshbandi Haqqani and Shadziliyah, are examples of orders that have successfully gained popularity. His courage in adapting elements of modernity is also one reason why he is increasingly accepted. This congregation not only allows music and dancing in various traditional celebrations, but also builds virtual spaces and provides online bay'at (initiation) services. This phenomenon then raises at least two questions that want to be addressed in this research: 1) how can digital space bridge tarekat practices, and 2) to what extent can the relationship between murshid and murid be established through digital space? This research is entirely qualitative, based on observations of two websites, sufilive.com (for the Naqsyabandi Haqqani congregation) and suficommunities.org (for the Shadziliyah congregation), as well as reading various literature. Apart from that, this research also wants to use Pierre Bourdieu's genetic structuralism approach as an analytical tool. Therefore, this research wants to evaluate the possibility of several vital changes that occur when a relationship that was initially built on the nuances of intimacy with God is mediated by technology. Although it can be considered that this relationship has found a more modern and rational space for manifestation, the transformation of this virtual relationship (suhbah) is important to be explored in depth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulloh Hanif http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun dalam Rumusan Filsafat Sejarah Nasional Muhammad Yamin
Penelitian ini mengkaji pemikiran filosofis Ibnu Khaldun, seorang sejarawan sekaligus sosiolog ternama, dan pengaruhnya terhadap perumusan filsafat sejarah nasional oleh Muhammad Yamin, seorang tokoh intelektual Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana konsep-konsep Ibnu Khaldun, seperti teori siklus sejarah dan peran solidaritas kelompok (asabiyyah), tercermin dalam karya-karya sejarah Yamin. Melalui analisis konten kualitatif terhadap karya-karya Yamin, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa gagasan-gagasan Ibnu Khaldun telah secara signifikan membentuk persepsi Yamin tentang sejarah Indonesia, khususnya dalam hal peran persatuan nasional dan perjuangan kemerdekaan. Temuan-temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa filsafat sejarah Yamin berakar kuat pada pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun, yang menekankan pentingnya memahami masa lalu untuk membangun bangsa yang kuat dan tangguh. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang warisan intelektual nasionalisme Indonesia dan hubungannya dengan tradisi filsafat Islam.
Copyright (c) 2025 Moch. Dimas Galuh Mahardika http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pemetaan Jejak Pengetahuan: Sebuah Catatan Kronologis Epistemologi Islam perspektif al-Jabiri
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemetaan yang cermat terhadap perjalanan dan perkembangan jejak pengetahuan yang telah menjadi bagian integral dari budaya penalaran dalam masyarakat Arab, yang pada gilirannya menjadi pondasi yang kuat dalam pembentukan penalaran dalam Islam secara menyeluruh. Seorang pemikir Islam yang terkenal dari wilayah Maghrib, yaitu al-Jabiri, telah mengembangkan sebuah kerangka pemikiran yang terdiri dari tiga tipologi sistem penalaran yang memengaruhi dan membentuk pengetahuan di kalangan masyarakat Arab tersebut; yakni bayan, ‘irfān, dan burḥān. Penelitian yang disajikan dalam artikel ini merupakan sebuah penelitian kualitatif yang berlandaskan pada sumber data dari penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menguraikan bahwa keberadaan ketiga sistem penalaran ini adalah hasil dari dinamika pergulatan ideologis-politis yang saling berkompetisi untuk mendominasi, daripada sekadar menjadi sesuatu yang bersifat transformatif. Epistemologi bayan dan ‘irfān hadir dalam keberagaman unsur pra-Islam yang telah meresap dan semakin berakar kuat pada masa kodifikasi dan gerakan penerjemahan. Sementara itu, epistemologi burḥān muncul pada masa kekuasaan Daulah Abbasiyah di bawah kepemimpinan al-Ma’mun, yang diinisiasi dengan tujuan untuk menekan kelompok-kelompok yang menentang negara, khususnya mereka yang berpegang teguh pada pemikiran 'irfān. Historisitas dari ketiga epistemologi ini saling bersilangan dan membentuk pola penalaran yang khas bagi bangsa Arab.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hani Fazlin, Hamka Hasan, Abd. Muid N http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
HERMENEUTIKA SEBAGAI AL-DAKHIL: KRITIK ATAS KONSEPSI MUHAMMAD SHAHROUR TENTANG BATAS AURAT WANITA
Seorang tokoh hermeneutika bernama Muhammad Shahrour menggagas sebuah penafsiran al-Qur’an yang harus disesuaikan dengan perkembangan zaman melalui metode tradisi dan modernitas. Dengan latar belakang yang ia miliki, ia membuat teori hudu>d sebagai acuan dalam sebuah penafsiran dan penetapan hukum. sebuah persoalan yang cukup ramai diperbincangkan adalah batasan aurat bagi seorang wanita. Beberapa kalangan berpendapat bahwa pakaian yang menutup seluruh tubuh selain wajah dan kedua telapak tangan bukanlah sebuah syari’at melainkan hanya sebuah tradisi yang diklaim sebagai pakaian syar’i. Muhammad Shahrour memetakan batasan aurat wanita ini dengan teori hudu>d yang ia buat. Untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang sistematik, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan analisis wacana. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan pada konsep Muhammad Shahrour tentang batas aurat wanita ini adalah konsep dan teori yang ia gunakan tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan karena teori yang digunakan adalah teori yang matematis yang digagas oleh seorang ilmuan non-muslim bernama Newton. Sebab lainnya adalah ia mengabaikan beberapa syarat penafsiran al-Qur’an seperti asba>b al-nuzu>l dan pemahamannya terkait kaidah kebahasaan juga sangat minim.
Hermeneutika, Ad-Dakhil, Konsepsi Muhammad Shahrour, Batas Aurat Wanita
Copyright (c) 2025 Analia Millah Audina Haq, Abdul Kadir Riyadi, Hasan Abdul Wafi, Nurfadilah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Hermeneutic’s Ibn Arabi: An Alternative in Understanding Texts for Islamic Moderation
The recent phenomenon of radicalism is attributed to rigid and intellectualistic interpretations of religious texts. Referring to the classical thought of Ibn Arabi, there is a common thread in understanding religious texts that involves not only a literal (dhahir) approach but also an inner (batin) approach. This inner approach creates a more inclusive and universal understanding of religious texts. The inner approach introduced by Ibn Arabi, known as ta’wil, is understood in philosophical studies as hermeneutics. Ibn ‘Arabi’s thought is particularly interesting for deeper examination because it introduces various essential themes in Sufism, such as Wahdat al-Wujud, the concept of prophethood, entities, and others. This is inseparable from his paradigm, rich in hermeneutics based on spiritual experience and distinctive mystical knowledge, setting him apart from other mystics. This study employs a literature review method with a hermeneutical approach to further explore Ibn Arabi’s hermeneutical concepts within the context of Islam. The findings indicate that the characteristics of Ibn Arabi’s knowledge paradigm can be observed through his hermeneutical methods, which are derived from the power of imagination, the use of symbols in understanding texts, and epistemology and sources of knowledge. These characteristics contribute to the development of epistemology in understanding religious texts, such as the Qur’an and Hadith.
Hermeneutics, Imagination, Symbols, Irfani Epistemology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Theguh Saumantri, Asep Usman Ismail http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploration of Al-Hallaj's Thought: Window on Religious Pluralism in Islam
This research aims to describe and explore the thinking of Wahdat al-Adyan al-Hallaj. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. The primary data used in this research are the works of al-Hallaj. Meanwhile, secondary data in this research are books, journal articles and other websites that discuss al-Hallaj's thoughts. The research results show that there are efforts to deconstruct Islamic Sufism al-Hallaj by pluralist circles. The accusation of al-Hallaj as the father of pluralism in Islam cannot be proven. This is due to misunderstanding and needing to be more comprehensive in understanding al-Hallaj's expressions in his verses and aimed at the interests of Western liberalization with efforts to interpret the text and misappropriation of language from Transcendent Unity of Religion become Wahdat al-Adyan. So, concept Wahdat al-Adyan what is claimed to be the concept of religious pluralism in the Western or Orientalist version of Islam is a misunderstanding. In Islam there is no such thing as religious unity (transcendent unity), what exists instead is al-Hallaj's experience in understanding religious differences. However, understanding Wahdat al-Adyan which was introduced by al-Hallaj, in essence, the existing religions have the same aim, namely to obtain calm, peace and happiness in their spiritual dimension by serving their God according to their respective beliefs. Therefore, it is not permissible to judge and criticize other religions, and instead recommend that someone be obedient and consistent in their respective religions, as well as open, tolerant and pluralist religious awareness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eliza, Nelmawarni, Efendi, Rahmad Tri Hadi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implikasi Postmodernisme Dalam Masyarakat Kontemporer (Analisis Paradigma Pemikiran Tokoh Jean Francois Lyotard)
This article aims to investigate the implications of postmodernism in contemporary society by analyzing the paradigm of thought of the figure Jean-François Lyotard. Lyotard is known as one of the leading thinkers in postmodern thought, and this research aims to understand how his idea of skepticism towards grand narratives influences and permeates the structures of power, knowledge, and language in the context of contemporary society. This study uses a qualitative approach with a focus on the analysis of key texts by Jean-François Lyotard, especially "The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge." Analysis is performed to identify key concepts such as grand narratives, language games, and changes in knowledge structure. In addition, literature studies on the application of these concepts in the context of contemporary society are also involved to support research findings. The research findings suggest that Lyotard's postmodern views have significant implications in contemporary society. Skepticism of grand narratives creates space for narrative plurality, uncertainty of knowledge, and diverse language games. These implications affect power structures by challenging central authority and paving the way for a diversity of values and views. In addition, Lyotard's concepts also had an impact on changes in the way society understood and conveyed knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2024 Erlina Erlina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Perdebatan Realisme-Antirealisme dalam Filsafat Agama Kontemporer
This article starts from the ontological problem in the discourse on the philosophy of religion, namely between the realist and anti-realist poles. The two are differentiated from the way of understanding the world, where realists believe that there is a world that is independent of mind and consciousness (mind-independent world) while anti-realists believe that the world, including perspectives on it, is completely dependent on the intentionality of the subject, so it is only a construction of mind and consciousness. Regarding religion, for realists, religion and its substance truly refer to objective reality, while anti-realists believe that religion is fictitious because it is only a construction of the mind and consciousness, not referring to objective reality. This debate also implies a disagreement between theism and atheism, especially in the context of the ontological status of religion and the epistemic status of religion. This article wants to explain that a believer is definitely a realist. This realist attitude is confirmed through an ontological commitment to the existence of God. However, the semantic construction of divinity is in the domain of mind and consciousness. The object of representation exists in a world independent of the mind, while the content of the representation exists within the influence and determination of the mind. This has consequences for the subject's plurality of meanings of the world. Regarding the theism-atheism dialogue pattern, this article offers a more analytical dialogue pattern, namely dialogue that is not theologically centric. This means that the debate is more directed at how to talk about God, not just about God's existence.
Epistimologi Burhani Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Rusyd: Studi Komparasi
Dalam penelitian ini nantinya akan menganalisis pemikiran Al-Ghazali berasal dari golongan Timur dan Ibnu Rusyd berasal dari golongan Barat tentang logika (Burhani), yang mana memiliki perbedaan antara kedua tokoh tersebut menyangkutkan tentang epistimologi burhaninya, menurut pandangan Al-Ghazali wahyu itu memiliki kredibilitas yang pasti dibandingkan dengan akal, karena wahyu bersumber dari tuhan, nah disini Ibnu Rusyd berpandanganbahwa wahyu dan rasional itu saling melengkapi satu sama lain, karena tanpa rasional akal wahyu tidak akan dapat di pahami. Tujuan penelitian ini memberikan jawaban secara ilmiah tentang pemikiran kedua tokoh tersebut dalam hal filsafat Islam, serta memberikan bacaan refleksi untuk khalayak masyarakat secara umum. Metode yang digunaka dalam penelitian ini adalah (Library Research). Hasil dari penelitian ini menghasilkan empat model paradigma, 1) mengenai penjabaran epistimologi burhani baik mengenai sumber, metode dan verifikasinya, 2) pemikiran burhani menurut pendangan al-ghazali baik mengenai sumber, metode, verifikasi dan kedudukan wahyu, 3) pemikiran burhani menurut Ibnu Rusyd baik mengenai sumber, metode, verifikasi dan kedudukan wahyu, lalu akan di sajikan mengenai epistimologi kedua tokoh tersebut baik persaman dan perbedaan yang menyangkut dalam ranah epistimologi burhani, serta kedudukan akal tersediri dalam perspektif kedua tokoh tersebut.
Copyright (c) 2024 Niki Sutoyib, Achmad Khudori Soleh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Penafsiran Konsep Kehadiran Tubuh dalam “Fenomenologi Persepsi” karya Merleau-Ponty
Artikel ini membahas penafsiran konsep kehadiran tubuh dalam salah satu karya utama fenomenologi, yaitu "Phenomenology of Perception" oleh Merleau-Ponty, serta mengulas signifikansi pentingnya dalam memahami pengalaman manusia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur, artikel ini mengeksplorasi latar belakang dan konteks historis konsep kehadiran tubuh dalam pemikiran filosofis. Kerangka pemikiran Merleau-Ponty tentang peran sentral konsep kehadiran tubuh, yang memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang pengalaman manusia, termasuk hubungan antara tubuh, pikiran, dan lingkungan, menjadi sorotan utama. Dengan menganalisis teks utama dan pemikiran sekunder yang relevan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam "Phenomenology of Perception," Merleau-Ponty menyoroti konsep kehadiran tubuh yang memengaruhi pandangan kita terhadap pengalaman manusia. Tubuh dianggap sebagai medium yang memfasilitasi pengalaman langsung terhadap dunia, berperan sebagai jembatan antara subjek dan objek. Penafsiran Merleau-Ponty menunjukkan bahwa tubuh tidak hanya menerima stimulus, tetapi juga bertindak sebagai subjek aktif dalam interaksi dengan lingkungan. Kompleksitas hubungan tubuh dengan ruang, waktu, dan kesadaran ditekankan, dan kehadiran tubuh tak terpisahkan dari norma-norma sosial dan budaya yang membentuk identitas dan persepsi manusia. Konsep kehadiran tubuh memiliki signifikansi filosofis yang mendalam dan dampak pada pemahaman manusia secara menyeluruh. Fokus pada peran penting tubuh dalam pengalaman manusia membantu memperluas wawasan kita terhadap manusia sebagai entitas holistik yang melibatkan dimensi fisik, mental, emosional, dan sosial. Penelitian ini tidak hanya menyoroti kompleksitas manusia sebagai makhluk yang merasakan dunia melalui berbagai dimensi terkait, tetapi juga menekankan pentingnya memahami bagaimana tubuh menjadi pusat dalam membentuk persepsi, emosi, dan identitas.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ayu Noer Afifah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Reconception of Environmental Ethics in Islam: A Review of the Philosophy and Applications of Husein Nasr's Thought
Wacana mengenai krisis dan etika lingkungan sangat penting untuk dikaji lebih mendalam. Hal ini karena kajian tersebut tidak pernah berhenti hanya sekedar konsep belaka dan selalu diperdebatkan. Tujuan tulisan ini ingin memahami gagasan Husein Nasr mengenai konsep etika lingkungan dalam bingkai ajaran tasawuf Islam (ekosufisme), aplikasi penerapan pemikiran Nasr, hingga gagasan filsafat etika lingkungan yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah pendekatan literatur berbasis deskriptif kualitatif berlandaskan teori atas pemikiran Husein Nasr mengenai Manusia, Tuhan, dan Alam. Adapun pengumpulan data dengan cara mengumpulkan beberapa teks-teks yang sesuai dengan topik yang dibahas berupa artikel dan buku dan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis keyword, abstrak, dan hasil atau kesimpulan pada sumber yang serupa. Hasil yang ditemukan 3 hal: Pertama, Husein Nasr menawarkan ajaran hubungan antara manusia dengan alam hablun min alam berupa ekosufime sebagai penghantar hubungan harmoni antara Tuhan, manusia, dan alam. Kedua, secara aplikatif, berupa integrasi antara rekonsepsi dan kesadaran manusia sebagai khalifah fil ardhi untuk menjaga bumi. Terakhir yaitu merekonsepsikan filsafat etika lingkungan yang bersifat inklusif dan berkelanjutan dengan melibatkan para stakeholder berpartisipasi untuk kedaulatan alam. Kata Kunci: Husein Nasr, Ekologi, Ekosufisme, Inklusif
Husein Nasr, Ecology, Ecosufism, Inclusive
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Syihabuddin, Kirwan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Konsep Pemimpin Ideal dalam Pemikiran Al-Farabi dan Al-Mawardi
Problematika tentang pemimpin ideal sudah ada sejak dahulu yang berlangsung dari zaman ke zaman. Berbagai kriteria dimunculkan untuk mewujudkan pemimpin yang ideal dalam suatu negara. Al-Farabi dan Al-Mawardi adalah dua konseptor yang telah merusmuskan konsep pemimpin ideal. Keduanya memiliki kesamaan dan perbedaan dalam mencantumkan kriteria pemimpin Ideal, meskipun keduanya hidup di bawah Dinasti yang sama. Penelitian ini adalah kualitif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (Library Research). Data dikumpulkan dengan membaca buku primer Al-Madinah Al-Fadilah milik Al-Farabi dan Al-ahkam Al-Sulthaniyyah karya Al-Mawardi. Fokus penelitian adalah mengkaji konsep kepemimpinan Al-Farabi dan Al-Mawardi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesamaan pemikiran Al-Farabi dan Al-Mawardi dalam mencatumkan kriteria pemimpin yaitu memilik tubuh dan pancaindera yang sehat dan lengkap, akal dan ilmu pengetahuan, akhlak dan budi pekerti, keberanian dalam membela negara. Perbedaannya ada pada kerincian syarat Al-Farabi yaitu tuturan yang baik dan jujur dan menjauhi kenikamatan dunia sedangkan Al-Mawardi yaitu bersuku Quraisy dan memiliki keseimbangan seluruh kriteria. Hasil lainnya Al-Farabi cenderung menyeimbangan hubungan vertikal dan horizontal pada konsep pemimpin idealnhya sedangkan Al-Mawardi lebih mengutamkan hubungan vertikal dari pada hubungan horizontal dalam prinsip pemimpin idealnya. Kata Kunci: Pemimpin Ideal, Al-Farabi, Al-Mawardi
Copyright (c) 2024 Hestyana Widya Pangesti, Muthiullah; Rahmat Hidayat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Konsep Ittiḥād dalam Fabel Mantiq at-Ṭair: Pemikiran Tasawuf Falsafi Farīduddīn ‘Aṭār (1145-1221 M)
This article focuses on Farīduddīn ‘Aṭār 's philosophy of Sufism, namely the concept of ittihad. His thoughts on ittihad can be explored through his work in the form of a fable entitled Mantiq at-Ṭair (The Deliberation of Birds). The fable tells the story of birds that gather and deliberate to find their King named Simurgh. Everything contained in the work is a reflection of ‘Aṭār 's own Sufistic experience in seeking God which is retold through fables. In general, the concept of ittihad was initiated by Abu Yazid al-Bustami, ‘Aṭār developed the concept through his work. Regarding the process of ittihad, in his work ‘Aṭār tells the story of the seven valleys that birds must pass through in search of Simurgh; ṭalab (search), ‘isyq (love), ma'rifat (knowledge), istighnā (the absurdity of things around), tawhīd (unity), hīraṭ (confusion), and fana. The valleys are described as challenges that must be overcome by a Sufi who wants to find his God. The journey ends with the transience of the birds (Sufis) towards other than the Simurgh (God) to cause devotion to Him. This research uses descriptive-analytic method with data obtained from relevant literature sources to build structured and systematic findings. The findings in this article show that the concept of ittihad developed by ‘Aṭār emphasizes the aspects of ‘isyq and fana to find God.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ihza Fazrian, A.Anjasyah, Sulistiyo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Status Ontologis Tuhan dalam Teologi Pembebasan Hassan Hanafi
Abstract This article attempts to analyze Hassan Hanafi's theology of liberation. Belief in God has a great influence on human life. The direction of human life in the world is determined by his belief and understanding of God. In his theology of liberation, Hanafi positions God not as "distant" and "inaccessible", but God exists in human life in the world. Broadly speaking, Hanafi's theology of liberation is boosted by the theory of existence which believes in the absolute "Existence" of God as the "Real" which does not erase the "Existence" of Humans in the world as well as "the real". Through this view, Hanafi criticizes the thinking of classical scholars, both theologians and Sufis, who think that "Nothing is Real" except God. Hanafi gives a different view of the ontological status of God in Islamic theological thought. Hanafi's thinking encourages human life in the world to be more real and in accordance with the proposition that God created humans seriously as khalifah fi al-ard. With this in mind, Hanafi proposes and tries to shift civilization from the classical divine frame to neo-humanism. Keywords: God, Liberation Theology, The Real Absrak Artikel ini berusaha menganalisis pemikiran teologi pembebasan Hassan Hanafi. Keyakinan kepada Tuhan memiliki pengaruh besar bagi kehidupan manusia. Arah hidup manusia di dunia ditentukan oleh keyakinan dan pemahamannya tentang Tuhan. Dalam teologi pembebasannya, Hanafi memposisikan Tuhan bukan sebagai “yang jauh” dan “tak terjangkau”, tapi Tuhan itu Ada dalam kehidupan manusia di dunia. Secara garis besar, teologi pembebasan Hanafi didongkrak oleh teori metafisika wujud yang meyakini “Ada-Nya” Tuhan sebagai “Yang Nyata” secara mutlak yang tidak menghapus “Ada-nya” Manusia di dunia juga sebagai “yang nyata”. Melalui pandangan ini Hanafi mengkritik pemikiran ulama klasik, baik kalangan teolog maupun sufi, yang beranggapan bahwa “Tidak Ada Yang Nyata” selain Tuhan. Hanafi memberi pandangan yang berbeda tentang status ontologis Tuhan dalam pemikiran teologi Islam. Pemikiran Hanafi mendorong hidup manusia di dunia semakin nyata dan sesuai dengan dalil bahwa Tuhan menciptakan manusia dengan sungguh-sungguh sebagai khalifah fi al-ard. Dengan pemikiran ini juga Hanafi mengusulkan dan berusaha untuk menggeser peradaban dari bingkai ketuhanan klasik ke neo-humanisme. Keywords: Teologi Pembebasan, Tuhan, Yang Nyata
Copyright (c) 2024 Adi Candra Wirinata http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Normalization of Gender Bias Regulations in Pondok Pesantren
Pesantren that has respective objective to produce pious person, in some aspect perpetuates differenrdiscriminativees for female studetns. This study shows mainstream gender constructionin Islamic boarding school regulations forms of gender discrimination and their implications. The object of study includes three pesantren in the Singosari, East Java, Indonesia. The regulations of the pesantren follows scholars’ ideology as written in the classical book (kitab kuning), which portrays men as family leader and the ideal position of women as male companions. The teaching of kitab kuning in the pesantren regulations has led female students to experience discrimination in carrying out their daily lives in the pesantren environment . Female students are not allowed to go outside the building at night, they are only allowed to go out during the day and even then it is limited to certain schools and streets. From the results of interviews, this study found that these rules had a great influence on their lives. Keywords: Normalization, gender, regulation, pesantren
Copyright (c) 2023 Isnaini Nuruddin Akbar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Teologi Modernitas : Muhammad Syahrur dan Gagasan-gagasan Fundamental Ketuhanan Untuk Rekonstruksi Islam
Secara historis, teologi dibangun dari konsepsi pembacaan Kitab Suci agama. Maka, produksi pemahaman mengenai teologi tidak pernah tunggal dan final, sebaliknya akan ada pembacaan dan reinterpretasi yang berkelanjutan. Atas dasar itu, melalui karyanya, al-Iman wa al-Islam Mandzumah al Qiyam, Muhammad Syahrur bermaksud mengkritik teologi klasik yang terlalu disakralkan dan melahirkan ortodoksi, sembari melakukan pembacaan ulang atas teologi Islam hari ini yang dibasiskan pada kesadaran akan adanya realitas kehidupan yang obyektif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membangun argumen pada apa yang penulis sebut sebagai teologi modernitas. Artikel ini menjadikan karya Syahrur, al-Iman wa al-Islam Mandzumah al Qiyam sebagai data utama dengan menggunakan pendekatan filsafat dan teori analisis hermeneutika menggunakan model analisis interpretatif-filosofis. Temuan dalam artikel ini menunjukkan gagasan dalam membangun teologi Islam modern yang lebih bersahabat dengan kehidupan kontemporer serta menjadikannnya sebagai spirit perubahan kehidupan ummat Islam. Syahrur memiliki gagasan fundamental mengenai teologi: 1) Tuhan sebagai dasar bagi kehidupan dunia: 2) Teologi berarti pembacaan dengan menjuktaposisikan wahyu, akal dan kehidupan: 3) Rukun dan syarat Islam ada tiga: meyakini adanya Tuhan, hari akhir dan beramal shaleh, amal soleh adalah manifestasi dari kehadiran Tuhan dalam kehidupan di dunia: dan 4) ketuhanan memainkan peran pada kehidupan ruhiyyah (al-hayat al-ruhiyyah) dan kehidupan material (al-hayat al-madiyyah), maka doktrin ketuhanan mesti dianalisis dengan nalar modernitas yang objektif. Kata Kunci: Teologi Modernitas, Muhammad Syahrur, al-Iman wa al-Islam Mandzumah al-Qiyam, Realitas Obyektif.
Copyright (c) 2023 Arfi Hidayat Arfi, Samsul Wathani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Abstract This article raises the issue of human fear of death. Fear of death will be a problem if it is excessive and does not encourage someone to prepare for death. Therefore, there is a need for study of death from sufism perspective to look again at the essence of death so that the unnatural fear of death can at least be reduced. This study uses a qualitative method with an irfani analysis technique that is adjusted to meet the need of sufism approach in this study. The result of this paper is that death is the separation of humans from what has been entrusted to humans in the world because of a moving from the world to a completely different realm. As for the destruction of body through death, it is not followed by the death of spirit. It causes spirit is created from God’s spirit, the human spirit by nature always yearns and always wants to return to where it came from. In order for the nature of spirit's longing for God to be maintained, a servant is required to always control or at least reduce worldly desires that can prevent a servant from having an inclination towards God. Keywords: Death, Body, Human Longing, Human Spirit
Copyright (c) 2023 Nurul Hikmah Sofyan, Anindya Aryu Inayati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Jalan Hidup Filosofis Muḥammad Ibn Zakariyyā Al-Rāzī dan Relevansinya dengan Problem Psikologis Manusia Modern
Abstract Materialistic life orientation in the modern era is the reason for the emergence of various life problems, especially psychological problems. One of the psychological problems that arise is the meaninglessness of life or an existential vacuum. If it does not receive serious attention, then the problem has the potential to cause mental health disorders that, in fact, now plague many modern humans. Those who are sober, gradually begin to seek to find solutions to overcome the psychological burden by turning to certain life paths. Among them are those who dive into the world of spirituality, some go through philosophical paths such as Stoicism, which is now widely loved. Therefore, digging into various traditions to find the right solution in overcoming mental health disorders is paramount. Such efforts can also be made through Islamic philosophy. One philosopher who paid special attention to mental health issues was al-Rāzī. This is contained in his thoughts on Philosophic Life. This is the main discussion in this study. The results of this study illustrate that although such thinking appears to defend misunderstood Socrates’ life paths, yet the real philosophic life—instead of imitating Socrates—is to imitate the attributes of God. As for al-Rāzī’s application of the Philosophic Life: training the control of passions; not hurting other beings; not hurting ourself; does not go beyond the extreme limits (defect or excess); and imitate the attributes of God to the extent of man’s abilities. Keyword: Al-Rāzī, Mental Health, Philosophic Life
Copyright (c) 2023 Muh. Bahrul Afif http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Contribution of Sufism in Building and Advancing Islamic Civilization in Indonesia
Sufism is accused of being a 'virus' that hinders progress and causes the Muslim world to lag in the arena of modern civilization. Sufism teachings and doctrines are considered irrelevant to the spirit of the global era and modernism. Likewise, puritan Islamic groups regard Sufism as a heresy and misleading superstition, as we have seen recently with the emergence of radical-puritan/salafi-Salafi-Wahabic groups. Sufism and Civilization. The two fields seem to be separate. Sufism is often perceived as an individual inner world, an ascetic activity that is super closed close material world. While civilization is something that requires the manifestation of progress, both physical and non-physical. Can the two of them meet, how is the relationship between the two, negate or affirm, if the answer is positive and affirmative, we can trace the relationship between Sufism and civilization from the relationship between Islam and civilization. Judging from the type of research, this research is included in qualitative research. It is said to be qualitative because this research emphasizes more on presenting the existing data descriptively. The results of this study explain that the important role of Sufism is awaited again to restore the glory of Islamic civilization, especially in Southeast Asia, in the mamidative views of some Muslims towards Sufism. Sufism is actually the of Islam being able to enter from various fields iing health, peace, economics, social, politics and culture. Keywords : Islamic civilization, sufism, advanced civilization
Copyright (c) 2023 mursalat mursalat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0