TELAAH SIMBOL DAN METAFOR: ANTARA TRANSENDENTALISME DAN “SUFISME SEKULER” DALAM KARYA RALPH WALDO EMERSON

Albertine Minderop

doi:10.14421/ajbs.2015.14104

TELAAH SIMBOL DAN METAFOR: ANTARA TRANSENDENTALISME DAN “SUFISME SEKULER” DALAM KARYA RALPH WALDO EMERSON

Albertine Minderop

Abstract

The aim of this study is to show the essence of transcendentalism in the context of the "Divine Light" which is assessed through figurative language style (metaphors and symbols). The scope of research is the study of literature, such as essays, and style; from the point of Transcendentalism philosophy. The theory used is the science of literature -the concepts of figurative language. The point of view is philosophy of transcendentalism and Sufism. Stages in Sufism are Shari'a, congregations, nature, and ma'rifat. The results showed that Emerson’s essays called transcendentalism contains teachings as "Secular Sufism", focusing on human control efforts. In this case, Emerson Transcendentalism does not require any religious means, therefore he was called “Secular Sufism”; whereas the teachings of Sufism emphasizes the teachings of religion. Conclusion of the study is the benefit of achieving the "Light Divine," that is, a mental reform that produces "true happiness" and forms a "whole person."

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abullah Hadi, W.M. Prof. Dr. 2014. The Hermeneutics of Western and Eastern Literature. Jakarta: Sadra International Institute.

Cavanaugh, Cynthia A. 2002. “The Aeolian Beauty and Unity in the Poetry and Prose of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Rocky mountain Review of Language and Literature,” Vol. 56, No. (2002), pp 25-35. Accessed: 27/01/2015.

Cuddon, J.A. 1979. A Dictionary Of Literary Terms. USA: Penguin Books.

Dix, Dorothea. “An Explosion of New Thought” dalam (http://www.ushistory.org.us/26f.asp/ diakses tanggal 17 Januari 2015.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. 1980. “Nature, in Anthology of American Literature” (page 997-1024). New York: Macmillan Pubblishing Co., Inc.

------- 1980.” The American Scholar, in Anthology of American Literature” (page 1024-1036). New York: Macmillan Pubblishing Co., Inc.

------- 1980. “Self-Reliance, in Anthology of American Literature” (page 1048-1064). New York: Macmillan Pubblishing Co., Inc.

-------“The Over-Soul”, dalam ”http://www.emersoncentral. com/oversoul.htm/, diakses tanggal 20 Oktober 2014.

------ http://www.cliffnotes.com.literature/e/emerson-essays/ summary /diakses tanggal 22 Oktober 2014.

----- “Transcendentalism” dalam http://public.wsu.edu/-campbelld/amlit/amtrans.htm/ diakses tanggal 17 Januari 2015.

------ “The Over-Soul” dalam http://breeny25.tripod.com/ diakses tanggal 22 Oktober 2014.

Fauzi Muhammad Abu Zaid. 2006. Mistisisme dan Sufisme. Jakarta: Cendekia Sentra Muslim.

Frager, Robert. 2014. Psikologi Sufi (terj.), Jakarta: Penerbit Zaman.

Hamka, Dr. 2015. Tasawuf Modern. Jakarta: Penerbit Republika. Cetakan pertama 1939.

Hasrul, MA. 2015. Akhlak Tasawuf. Yogyakarta: Penerbit & Percetakan Aswaja Pressindo.

Hurth, Elisabeth. 2003. Between Faith and Unbelief: Ralph Waldo Emerson on Man and God Amerikastudien / American Studies, Vol. 48, No. 4 (2003), pp. 4483-495. Universitatsverlag WINTER Gmbh. Diakses: 27/01/2015.

Minderop, Albertine. 2011. Metode Karakterisasi Telaah Fiksi. Jakarta: Penerbit Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Pickering, James H, dan Hoper Jeffrey D. 1981. Concise Companion to Literature. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.

Reaske, Christopher Russel. 1966. How To Analyze Poetry. New York: Monarch Press.

Samsul Munir Amin, MA. 2014. Ilmu Tasawuf. Jakarta: Penerbit Amzah.

Saifuddin Aman dan Abdul Qadir Isa. 2014. Tasawuf Revolusi Mental – Zikir Mengolah Jiwa Dan Raga. Banten: Penerbit Ruhama.

Siroj, Said Aqil, Dr. 2006. Tasawuf Sebagai Kritik Sosial, Bandung: PT. Mizan Pustaka.

Syamsun Ni’am, M.Ag. 2014. Tasawuf Studies – Pengantar Belajar Tasawuf. Yogyakarta: Penerbit: Ar-Ruzz Media.

Shirazi, Hafez “Persian Language & Literature” dalam http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/hafez/hafez-php/ diakses tanggal 24 Januari 2015.

Thomas, Shamekia. “What Is Symbolism In Literature’. dalam http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-symbolism-in-literature-definition-types-examples.html. Diakses 24 Mei 2015.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2015.14104