Transformasi Ekspansi Militer Turki Usmani Masa Sultan Salim I dan Sultan Sulaiman I (1512-1566 M)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/thaq.2025.24205Keywords:
Ekspansi Militer, Sultan Salim I, Sultan Sulaiman I, Transformasi, Turki UtsmaniAbstract
Abstract: This study examines the transformation of military expansion within the Ottoman Empire during the reigns of Sultan Selim I and Sultan Suleiman I. It aims to delineate the expansions across various Eastern and Western regions under their leadership, while analyzing the shifting strategic orientations and the resulting impacts. Utilizing a political approach, this research identifies patterns of change in Ottoman military expansion. The study employs the historical method, consisting of four stages: heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography, conducted through qualitative library research. The findings indicate that Selim I’s expansion solidified the Ottoman Empire as the most dominant political and religious power in the Islamic world, particularly in the Middle East. Conversely, Suleiman I’s expansion established the Empire as a major global power formidable to Europe. Consequently, the Ottomans secured political legitimacy, notably through recognition from the Abbasid Caliphate. The impacts of these territorial expansions included the containment of the spread of Christianity and Catholicism, which significantly influenced ideological competition across Eurasia, and the strengthening of Sunni ideology by consolidating Ottoman authority in the East.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang transformasi ekspansi militer Kekhalifahan Turki Usmani pada masa Sultan Salim I dan Sultan Sulaiman I. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguraikan ekspansi di berbagai wilayah Timur dan Barat oleh Sultan Salim I dan Sultan Sulaiman I, menganalisis perubahan orientasi dan dampak yang terjadi akibat ekspansi wilayah oleh kedua sultan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan politik untuk mengetahui pola perubahan ekspansi militer Turki Usmani era Sultan Salim I dan Sultan Sulaiman I. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yang mencakup empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan studi pustaka (library research). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekspansi Sultan Salim I memperkuat posisi Turki Usmani sebagai kekuatan politik dan keagamaan yang paling mendominasi di dunia Islam, khususnya di Timur Tengah. Sementara itu, ekspansi Sultan Sulaiman I memperkuat posisi Turki Usmani sebagai kekuatan besar yang patut diperhitungkan oleh Eropa. Dengan demikian, Turki Usmani meraih legitimasi kekuasaan, yaitu mendapat pengakuan dari kekhalifahan Abbasiyah. Dampak ekspansi wilayah tersebut yaitu Turki Usmani mampu membendung penyebaran agama Kristen dan Katolik yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap persaingan ideologi di wilayah Asia Eropa, dan memperkuat ideologi Sunni dengan menanamkan kekuasaan Turki Usmani di wilayah Timur.
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