Jaringan Islam dan Transformasi Otoritas Sosial diJawa: Analisis Historis dari Islam Maritim MenujuIslam Agraris
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/thaq.2026.25104Keywords:
Islamisasi, Otoritas Sosial, Islam Maritim, Islam Agraris, Jaringan IslamAbstract
Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas proses Islamisasi di Jawa dengan fokus pada transformasi otoritas sosial melalui analisis jaringan Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pergeseran historis otoritas keagamaan dari model Islam maritim yang berbasis di kawasan pesisir menuju model Islam agraris di wilayah pedalaman. Argumen utama yang diajukan adalah bahwa Islamisasi di Jawa merupakan proses negosiasi budaya jangka panjang yang menghasilkan sintesis kultural unik, bukan sekadar transfer doktrin keagamaan yang kaku. Jaringan Islam, yang mencakup relasi ulama, pedagang, dan institusi pendidikan, berperan sebagai sumber otoritas simbolik yang terus bertransformasi seiring dengan perubahan konteks ekonomi dan politik. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melemahnya kota-kota pelabuhan akibat perubahan jalur perdagangan global dan intervensi kolonial memicu perpindahan pusat dinamika Islam ke pedalaman. Dalam fase agraris ini, legitimasi otoritas beralih dari mobilitas perdagangan ke institusi pesantren dan kepemimpinan personal kiai yang berakar kuat dalam struktur sosial masyarakat pedesaan. Transformasi ini menandai perubahan mendasar dalam struktur kekuasaan simbolik di mana Islam menjadi bagian integral dari identitas kolektif dan kohesi sosial masyarakat Jawa.
Abstract: This article examines the process of Islamization in Java, focusing on the transformation of social authority through an analysis of Islamic networks. This research aims to analyze the historical shift in religious authority from a maritime model of Islam based in coastal areas to an agrarian model of Islam in the interior. The main argument put forward is that Islamization in Java was a long-term process of cultural negotiation that resulted in a unique cultural synthesis, not simply the transfer of rigid religious doctrine. Islamic networks, encompassing relationships between ulama, merchants, and educational institutions, served as sources of symbolic authority that continuously transformed along with changing economic and political contexts. The research findings indicate that the weakening of port cities due to changes in global trade routes and colonial intervention triggered a shift in the center of Islamic dynamics to the interior. In this agrarian phase, the legitimacy of authority shifted from trade mobility to the institution of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) and the personal leadership of kiai (Islamic scholars), deeply rooted in the social structure of rural communities. This transformation marked a fundamental shift in the structure of symbolic power, with Islam becoming an integral part of the collective identity and social cohesion of Javanese society.
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