PENGAKUAN BAHWA AKSI KELOMPOK-SENDIRI BISA MENGANCAM KELOMPOK-LAIN (ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS OF THREATENING INGROUP ACTIONS) DAN PERANNYA DALAM MEREDAM EKSTREMISME (EXTREMISM) DAN RADIKALISME KEKERASAN (VIOLENT RADICALISM)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/jpsi.v8i1.2019Keywords:
Acknowledgements of threatening ingroup actions, ingroup responsibility, anger against ingroup actions, ekstremisme, radikalisme kekerasanAbstract
Abstract. The present work aimed to examine the psychological mechanism by which an openness to accept ingroup actions that can threaten the existence of outgroups, which is simply referred to as acknowledgments of threatening ingroup actions, plays a role in tackling extremism and violent radicalism in the name of Islam in Indonesia. A correlational survey among a sample of 404 Muslim students from various universities in Indonesia in the present work revealed that acknowledgmenst of threatening ingroup actions contributed to the reduction of Muslims’ extremism and violent radicalism because of the role the concept had in increasing Muslims’ critical attitudes towards their group’s wrongdoings inflicted upon non-Muslims. These critical attitudes took shape via an acceptance of ingroup wrongdoings, ingroup responsibility, and feelings of anger against ingroup actions. These empirical findings imply that acknowledgments of threatening ingroup actions may facilitate Muslim reconciliatory cognitions and emotions, which in turn attenuate Muslims’ violent extremism and radicalism in their relationships with non-Muslims. The theoretical and practical implications of these empirical findings are elaborated in the discussion section, which also spotlights a number of shortcomings in the present work.
Keywords. Acknowledgements of threatening ingroup actions, ingroup responsibility, anger against ingroup actions, extremism, violent radicalism
Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji mekanisme psikologis mengapa keterbukaan untuk mengakui tindakan kelompok-sendiri (ingroup) yang bisa mengancam eksistensi kelompok-lain (outgroup), yang disingkat dengan istilah acknowledgement of threatening ingroup actions, berperan dalam meredam permasalahan esktremisme (extremism) dan radikalisme kekerasan (violent radicalism) yang mengatasnamakan Islam di Indonesia. Survei korelasional yang melibatkan 404 mahasiswa Muslim dari berbagai universitas di Indonesia dalam penelitian ini menemukan bahwa acknowledgement of threatening ingroup actions berkontribusi menangkal esktremisme dan radikalisme kekerasan karena perannya dalam meningkatkan sikap kritis terhadap kelompok-sendiri atas pelanggaran terhadap kelompok lain (ingroup wrongdoings). Sikap kritis ini mencakup penerimaan atas pelanggaran terhadap kelompok-lain (acceptance of ingroup wrongdoings), tanggungjawab atas pelanggaran terhadap kelompok-lain (ingroup responsibility), dan amarah atas aksi pelanggaran tersebut (anger against ingroup actions). Temuan-temuan empiris ini mengimplikasikan bahwa acknowledgement of threatening ingroup actions memfasilitasi kognisi dan emosi rekonsiliatif Muslim, yang selanjutnya berperan dalam meredam ekstremisme dan radikalisme kekerasan dalam hubungan mereka dengan non-Muslim. Implikasi teoretis dan praktis dari temuan-temuan empiris ini dielaborasi dalam bagian diskusi, yang juga menyoroti sejumlah kelemahan atau kekurangan dalam penelitian ini.
Kata kunci. Acknowledgements of threatening ingroup actions, ingroup responsibility, anger against ingroup actions, ekstremisme, radikalisme kekerasan
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