TAHAPAN PEMIKIRAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PANDANGAN IBN KHALDUN
https://doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v11i2.1346
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Abstract
This research discusses the ideas of a Muslim sociologist, Ibn Khaldun, on “society’s life cycles and the stage of human reasons”. The main sources of this research are the works of IbnKhaldun, especially the social history part of the Muqadimah. This research employs hermeneutics method as proposed by Garcia. The research found that, according to Ibn Khaldun, the social and political life of society is developed through several steps, which are: badui (barbaric), awakening and civic society (al-thur al bawdy, al-thur al-ghazwy, and al-thur al-hadlary). Meanwhile, the reasons of society is developed through several phases, which are: theology, metaphysics, and positive (al-‘aql al-tamyiz, al-‘aql al-tajriby and al-‘aql al-nadzary).
Tulisan ini sedikit memberikan paparan pemikiran tokoh sosiologi Ibn Khaldun tentang “siklus kehidupan masyarakat dan tahapan perkembangan akal budi manusia”. Data tulisan ini murni bersumber dari teks buku Muqadimah Ibn Khaldun dalam kategori sejarah sosial. Dalam hal ini penulis mencoba menggunakan pisau analisis hermeneutika (takwil) teks yang ditulis oleh Gracia. Dari analisis ini penulis menyimpulkan bahwa: menurut Ibn Khaldun, secara sosiologis (kehidupan sosial dan politik) masyarakat berkembang melalui tahapan badui, kebangkitan dan sipil (al thûr al badwy, al thûr al ghazwy dan al thûr al ĥadlary). Sedangkan melalui akal budinya, masyarakat akan berkembang melalui fase teologi, metafisik dan positif (al ‘aql al tamyîzy, al ‘aql al tajriby dan al ‘aql al nadzary).
Key words: Ibn Khaldun, social life’s cycle and stages of human reasons
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