Judicial Transformation and Institutional Independence in Early Islam: Evidence from The Rightly Guided Caliphs. Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 1 Juni, p. 163–192, 2025. DOI: 10.14421/tpd3mj40. Disponível em: https://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/pasca/jkii/article/view/1503. Acesso em: 7 jun. 2026.