The Niqab Among Pattani, Salafi, and Nahdliyin Students: Piety, Safety, and Identity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2021.201.69-82Keywords:
face covering, Islamic campus, radicalism, moderate, conservativeAbstract
Saat ini pengguna niqab atau cadar tidak hanya berasal dari Muslimah konservatif melainkan juga dari kalangan Muslimah moderat. Maraknya pengguna cadar membuat resah komunitas termasuk institusi pendidikan Islam karena dikaitkan dengan pertumbuhan radikalisme Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengungkap fenomena penggunaan cadar di IAIN Purwokerto pada tahun 2018-2019. Subjek penelitian diseleksi berdasarkan gender-based yaitu para mahasiswi pengguna cadar yang terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu mahasiswi Pattani, mahasiswi Nahdliyin, dan mahasiswi Salafi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan cadar di IAIN Purwokerto memiliki beberapa tujuan. Mahasiswi Pattani menganggap cadar sebagai media untuk meraih akhlak yang lebih baik. Mereka tidak menyetujui cadar sebagai tolok ukur kesalehan seseorang. Hal tersebut juga diamini oleh mahasiswi Nahdliyin yang menyatakan bahwa religiusitas lebih ditunjukkan oleh ketaatan dan akhlak. Dia memakai cadar dengan alasan kenyamanan. Sementara mahasiswi Salafi menyatakan cadar sebagai identitas, kesalehan, serta kesempurnaan perempuan. Ketiga kelompok mahasiswi tersebut mengakui bahwa cadar memiliki fungsi perlindungan diri bagi pemakainya meskipun hanya pseudo-safety. Pengguna cadar di IAIN Purwokerto sama sekali tidak terafiliasi dengan organisasi ekstremis. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi pihak kampus dalam mengeluarkan kebijakan terkait pengguna cadar di kampus.
[Recently, the niqabi (women who wear niqab) come not only from the conservative but also the more moderate Muslim women. The increasing use of the veil has unsettled communities, including Islamic educational institutions, because it is associated with the rise of radicalism. This qualitative research aims to describe the phenomenon of niqabi student in the Islamic State Institute of Purwokerto (IAIN Purwokerto) between 2018 and 2019. The data were collected thorugh in-depth interviews and observation to three groups of informants: Pattani students, Nahdliyin students, and Salafi students. The data were subjected to Creswell's phenomenological research. The result showed that the niqabi at IAIN Purwokerto had several motives. While Pattani students expected wearing niqab as a medium to achieve better morals, they refused to believe that niqabi women were more pious than their non-niqabi counterparts. Likewise, the Nahdliyin student admitted that the niqab was not necessarily demonstrating individual level of religiosity which is exhibited through their submission to Islamic tenets and good behavior. Meanwhile, Salafi students considered the niqab to be a woman's identity, piety, and perfection. All niqabi students expressed that the niqab has a self-safety function although pseudo safety. Niqabi students at IAIN Purwokerto were not affiliated with radicalism. The result of the study can be used for the campus in issuing policies related to niqabi on campus.]
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