Reinterpretasi Poligami Dalam Diskursus Islam: Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Siti Musdah Mulia dan Asghar Ali Engineer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2023.222.161-179Keywords:
Asghar Ali Engineer, Feminisme Islam, Poligami, Siti Musdah MuliaAbstract
Dari dulu hingga saat ini, poligami merupakan suatu diskursus yang masih memiliki perbedatan baik kalangan ulama klasik maupun ulama kontemporer. Mayoritas pelaku yang melakukan praktik poligami tidak memikirkan dampak buruk terhadap perempuan dengan alasan dan rujukan praktik tersebut telah dilegitimasi oleh Al-Qur’an. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini memiliki kedudukan untuk menjelaskan kedua pemikiran tokoh feminis Islam yang kontra terhadap praktik poligami penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara studi kepustakaan. Sementara teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah inventarisasi data, menyajikan data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kedua tokoh menyetujui dalam beberapa hal, diantaranya untuk memahami ayat poligami tentu tidak boleh lepas dari ayat-ayat yang berhubungan dengan Q.S. An-Nisa ayat 3, poligami merupakan bentuk diskriminasi terhadap kaum perempuan, dan keadilan dalam poligami tidak akan pernah tercapai walaupun telah diusahakan. Namun, dalam menyimpulkan praktik poligami, kedua tokoh tersebut memiliki perbedaan. Musdah menyatakan bahwa praktik poligami adalah praktik yang haram karena lebih banyak mendatangkan kerugian dibandingkan keuntungan. Sedangkan Asghar Ali Engineer membolehkan praktik poligami namun dengan pertimbangan menegakan keadilan terhadap anak yatim dan janda serta sesuai apa yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW.
[The purpose of this study is to explain the two thoughts of Islamic feminist figures who are against the practice of polygamy. This research uses a descriptive analysis method with a feminist approach. Data collection was carried out using a literature study. The data analysis technique used is the theory of Shulamit Reinhartz, namely deconstructing the dominant way of reading. The results of this study are that the two figures agree on several things, including understanding the verses of polygamy, of course, cannot be separated from the verses related to Q.S. An-Nisa verse 3, polygamy is a form of discrimination against women, and justice in polygamy will never be achieved even if efforts have been made. However, the two figures have differences in concluding the practice of polygamy. Musdah stated that the practice of polygamy is unlawful because it causes more harm than profit. Meanwhile, Asghar Ali Engineer allows the practice of polygamy but with the consideration of upholding justice for orphans and widows and according to what was done by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. However, it should be remembered that the condition for polygamy that a man cannot fulfill is to be fair. Therefore, the practice of monogamy is a form of marriage that achieves justice and prosperity. ]
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