Etika Perang dalam Islam: Pemikiran Hermeneutika Kontekstual Abdullah Saeed
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/tq8r8e36Keywords:
Etika Perang, Hermeneutika Kontekstual, Abdullah Saeed, Hak Asasi ManusiaAbstract
Artikel ini membahas etika perang dalam Islam melalui perspektif hermeneutika kontekstual Abdullah Saeed, yang diposisikan sebagai sintesis epistemologis atas dua arus besar pemikiran Islam progresif kontemporer: restorasi moral Khaled Abou El Fadl dan reformasi struktural Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im. Keduanya berangkat dari visi humanistik Islam, tetapi berbeda dalam fondasi metodologis dan orientasi praksisnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi pustaka untuk menelaah struktur hermeneutik Saeed terutama prinsip dual contextualism dan konsep hierarchy of values dalam merumuskan etika perang Islam yang selaras dengan nilai keadilan, perlindungan jiwa, dan martabat manusia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Saeed menawarkan model pembacaan evolusioner terhadap ayat-ayat perang yang menempatkan regulasi partikular masa klasik sebagai produk kontekstual, bukan norma transhistoris. Melalui pendekatan ini, legitimasi tindakan bersenjata dibatasi secara ketat oleh nilai etis Al-Qur’an dan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Hermeneutika kontekstual Saeed, dengan demikian, menghadirkan paradigma etika perang Islam yang humanis, rasional, dan kompatibel dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum humaniter modern tanpa kehilangan akar tradisionalnya.
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