Dari KUHAP 1981 Ke KUHAP 2025:Meneguhkan Advokat Sebagai Pilar Keseimbangan Kekuasaan Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Yang Modern
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/Keywords:
Advokat, akuntabilitas, due process, KUHAP 2025, peradilan pidana, praperadilanAbstract
Ketimpangan struktural dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia pada era KUHAP 1981 menunjukkan dominasi kewenangan aparat penegak hukum negara, khususnya penyidik dan penuntut umum, sementara advokat cenderung diposisikan sebagai pendamping formal yang berperan terbatas, terutama pada tahap penyidikan. Kondisi tersebut berdampak pada melemahnya due process of law, equality of arms, dan akuntabilitas penggunaan kewenangan negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis rekonstruksi kedudukan advokat dalam KUHAP 2025 sebagai pilar keseimbangan kekuasaan dalam sistem peradilan pidana modern. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KUHAP 2025 mempertegas advokat sebagai penegak hukum sejajar melalui penguatan pendampingan sejak tahap awal, perluasan hak akses terhadap berkas dan hasil pemeriksaan, pengakuan hak menyatakan keberatan yang wajib dicatat, penguatan mekanisme kontrol yudisial melalui praperadilan, serta modernisasi prosedural melalui perekaman pemeriksaan dan pengelolaan perkara berbasis elektronik. Reformasi ini menandai pergeseran orientasi dari pendekatan crime control menuju prosedur yang lebih berorientasi keadilan, perlindungan HAM, dan transparansi, meskipun masih memerlukan penguatan integrasi fungsional advokat tanpa mengurangi independensi profesi.
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