Negosiasi Adat dan Agama dalam Tradisi Tuor Perkawinan Mandailing: Perspektif Generasi Muda Muslim Mandailing di Yogyakarta

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the perceptions, meanings, and sociological factors influencing young Mandailing Muslim migrants in Yogyakarta regarding the existence of the tuor tradition (customary dowry) in modern traditional marriages. This qualitative field research integrates sociological and anthropological approaches, analyzed through the lens of Max Weber's Social Action Theory. Primary data were gathered through in-depth interviews with eight young Mandailing migrants in Yogyakarta, while secondary data were drawn from literature studies and reputable scientific publications. The findings demonstrate that the tuor tradition continues to exist and is perceived not merely as a material transaction, but as a symbol of respect for women and their families, a manifestation of the groom's seriousness and readiness, and a means to strengthen inter-clan kinship ties (dalihan na tolu). The majority of informants distinguish tuor as a customary symbolic norm from mahr in Islamic law, although a minority views them as having overlapping functions. These perceptions are dynamically influenced by family socialization background, higher education, economic conditions in migration, as well as cross-cultural interactions and digital media. Within Weber's theoretical framework, this phenomenon reflects an interplay among traditional, instrumentally rational, and value-rational actions. Shifts in perception among young migrants do not indicate the loss of tradition, but rather a process of social reinterpretation and cultural resilience, ensuring that the noble philosophical values of tuor remain relevant and harmonized with Islamic principles amidst modern societal dynamics.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi, pemaknaan, serta faktor-faktor sosiologis yang memengaruhi pandangan generasi muda Muslim Mandailing perantau di Yogyakarta terhadap eksistensi tradisi tuor (mahar adat) dalam perkawinan adat era modern. Penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi lapangan ini mengintegrasikan pendekatan sosiologis dan antropologis, yang dibedah melalui pisau analisis Teori Tindakan Sosial Max Weber. Data primer dihimpun melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap delapan informan generasi muda perantau Mandailing di Yogyakarta, sedangkan data sekunder bersumber dari studi kepustakaan dan literatur ilmiah bereputasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi tuor tetap eksis dan dimaknai bukan sekadar transaksi materi, melainkan sebagai simbol penghormatan terhadap perempuan dan keluarganya, wujud kesungguhan dan kesiapan calon suami, serta sarana untuk mempererat tali kekerabatan antarklan (dalihan na tolu). Mayoritas informan membedakan tuor sebagai norma adat-simbolik dengan mahar dalam hukum Islam, kendati sebagian kecil memandangnya memiliki fungsi yang beririsan. Pemaknaan tersebut dipengaruhi secara dinamis oleh latar belakang sosialisasi keluarga, jenjang pendidikan tinggi, tantangan kondisi ekonomi di perantauan, serta maraknya interaksi lintas budaya dan media digital. Dalam kerangka teori Max Weber, fenomena ini merefleksikan keterkaitan antara tindakan tradisional, tindakan rasional-instrumental, dan tindakan berorientasi nilai. Pergeseran pemaknaan di kalangan generasi muda perantau tidak mengindikasikan hilangnya tradisi, melainkan proses reinterpretasi dan adaptasi sosial (cultural resilience) agar nilai-nilai filosofis luhur tuor tetap relevan dan harmonis dengan ajaran Islam di tengah dinamika masyarakat modern.