Plastic Waste Management Model in Yogyakarta City: A Study of Its Regulation and Mas Jos Program Implementation

Abstract

This study aims to analyze plastic waste management policies within the framework of the Masyarakat Jogja Olah Sampah (Mas Jos) Program in Yogyakarta City, identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation, and formulate a community-based plastic waste management model. The permanent closure of the Piyungan’s Sanitary Landfill since May 1, 2024, triggered a waste emergency in Yogyakarta City, with waste lot reaching 332 tonnes per day (TPD). The Mas Jos Program, launched through Mayor of Yogyakarta City Circular Letter Number 100.3.4/2783 of 2025, became the government's strategic response with five pillars: sorting waste, channeling inorganic waste to waste banks, processing organic waste, finishing food, and using reusable containers. The research employed a mixed-methods approach with data collected through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), surveys, and documentation. Results show that: (1) the Mas Jos Program is protected by a regulatory hierarchy from Law Number 18 of 2008 to local regulations; (2) waste bank units serve as the central institution in the plastic waste supply chain; (3) public interest in the program reaches 78.06%; and (4) the plastic waste management model in Mas Jos adopts circular economy principles by integrating regulatory policy, community participation, waste bank institutions, and recycling industries. Key inhibiting factors include fluctuating plastic waste prices, inconsistent sorting habits among some residents, and limited infrastructure.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebijakan pengelolaan sampah plastik dalam kerangka kerja Program Masyarakat Jogja Olah Sampah (Mas Jos) di Kota Yogyakarta, mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasinya, serta merumuskan model pengelolaan sampah plastik berbasis masyarakat. Ditutupnya Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Piyungan sejak 1 Mei 2024 memicu kondisi darurat sampah di Kota Yogyakarta dengan timbulan sampah mencapai 332 ton per hari (TPD). Program Mas Jos yang diluncurkan melalui Surat Edaran Wali Kota Yogyakarta Nomor 100.3.4/2783 Tahun 2025 menjadi respon strategis pemerintah dengan lima pilar: memilah sampah, menyalurkan sampah anorganik ke bank sampah, mengolah sampah organik, menghabiskan makanan, dan menggunakan wadah berulang. Penelitian menggunakan metode campuran (mixed method) dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), survei, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Program Mas Jos dilindungi oleh hierarki regulasi mulai dari UU Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 hingga peraturan daerah setempat; (2) Bank sampah unit menjadi kelembagaan sentral dalam rantai pasok pengelolaan sampah plastik; (3) Tingkat minat masyarakat terhadap program mencapai 78,06%; dan (4) Model pengelolaan sampah plastik dalam Mas Jos mengadopsi prinsip ekonomi sirkular dengan mengintegrasikan kebijakan regulatif, partisipasi masyarakat, kelembagaan bank sampah, dan industri daur ulang. Faktor penghambat utama meliputi harga sampah plastik yang fluktuatif, kebiasaan sebagian masyarakat yang belum konsisten memilah sampah, serta keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana.