LOGIKA EMPIRISME IBNU TAIMIYYAH DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP STABILITAS EPISTEMOLOGI ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v7i1.5165Abstract
Islamic civilization in its golden age is a civilization built by the Islamic intellectual tradition with all its developments in intuitive, textual, rational, and empirical areas. However, while Islamic knowledge in the intuitive, textual, and rational areas can be witnessed today, it is not the case with knowledge concerning the empirical area which seems to sink from the paradigm of Islamic thought. Therefore, this research aims to explore the logical structure of Ibn Taymiyyah's empiricism and see its relevance to the stability of Islamic epistemology. To answer these questions, this study uses a qualitative method with the type of library research that refers to two works of Ibn Taymiyyah "Naqdh al-Manthiq" and "al-Radd 'ala al-Manthiqiyyin", while the theory used is the framework of empiricism epistemology. This study found that Ibn Taymiyyah's criticism of Aristotelian formal logic (deductive-syllogistic) which is deeply rooted in the Islamic intellectual tradition is the thing that led to the formulation of the empiricism logic. While Ibn Taymiyyah deconstructed the deductive style of thought, indeed at the same time he had formulated the logic of empiricism, that the essence of natural reality is everything as far as it is particular-concrete, which to capture it requires inductive reasoning in the form of sensory observation, particular syllogism, and analogical reasoning. Finally, this finding has its urgency and contribution to the stability and comprehensiveness of Islamic epistemology.
Keyword: Epistemology; Naqdh al-Manthiq; al-Radd ‘ala al-Manthiqiyyin; Deductive; Inductive.
Peradaban Islam pada masa keemasannya adalah peradaban yang dibangun oleh tradisi intelektual Islam dengan segala perkembangannya baik dalam wilayah intuitif, tekstual, rasional, maupun empiris. Namun demikian, sementara ilmu pengetahuan Islam dalam wilayah intuitif, tekstual, dan rasional dapat disaksikan perkembangannya hingga dewasa ini, tidak halnya dengan pengetahuan yang menyangkut wilayah empiris yang seakan tenggelam dari paradigma pemikiran Islam. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali struktur logika empirisme Ibnu Taimiyyah dan melihat relevansinya terhadap stabilitas epistemologi Islam. Untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan model library research yang mengacu pada dua karya Ibnu Taimiyyah “Naqdh al-Manthiq” dan “al-Radd ‘ala al-Manthiqiyyin”, sementara teori yang digunakan adalah kerangka epsitemologi empirisme. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kritik Ibnu Taimiyyah terhadap logika formal Aristotelian (deduktif-silogistik) yang mengakar kuat dalam tradisi intelektual Islam adalah hal yang melatarbelakangi gagasan logika empirismenya. Sementara Ibnu Taimiyyah mendekonstruksi corak pemikiran deduktif tersebut, sungguh pada saat yang sama ia telah merumuskan logika empirismenya, bahwa hakikat dari realitas kealaman adalah segala sesuatu sejauh ia bersifat partikular-konkret, yang untuk menangkapnya diperlukan penalaran induktif yang berupa observasi indrawi, silogisme partikular dan penalaran analogis. Pada akhirnya, temuan ini memiliki urgensi dan kontribusinya tersendiri terhadap stabilitas dan komperhensifitas epistemologi Islam.
Kata kunci: Epistemologi; Naqdh al-Manthiq; al-Radd ‘ala al-Manthiqiyyin; Deduktif; Induktif.
Abstract viewed: 683 times
|
pdf downloaded = 272 times
References
Abdullah, M. Amin. Falsafah Kalam Di Era Postmodernisme. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1995.
Al-Wardi, Ali. Manthiq Ibn Khaldun. Beirut: Kufaan Publishing, 1994.
Bagus, Lorens. Kamus Filsafat. Jakarta: Gramedia, 2002.
Bakar, Osman. Hierarki Ilmu Membangun Rangka-Pikir Islamisasi Ilmu. Bandung: Mizan, 1997.
Bakhtiar, Amsal. Filsafat Ilmu. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2016.
Copi, Irving M. Reading on Logic. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1964.
Copi, Irving M, Carl Cohen, and Kenneth McMahon. Introduction To Logic. 14th Editi. London and New York: Routledge, 2016.
Daqiqah, Mahmud Abu. Al-Qaul as-Sadid Fi ’Ilmi at-Tauhid. Cairo: Al-Azhar as-Syarif al-Idarah al-’Ammah li Ihya at-Turats, n.d.
Fakhry, Majid. A History of Islamic Philosophy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.
Firdaus, Jemil. “Kritik Terhadap Logika Aristoteles (Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Ibn Taimiyah Dan Francis Bacon).” Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2014.
Gibb, H A R. Mohammedanism an Historical Survey. 2nd Editio. New York: Oxford University Press, 1966.
Hadi Kusuma, Wira. “Epistemologi Bayani, Irfani Dan Burhani Al-Jabiri Dan Relevansinya Bagi Studi Agama Untuk Resolusi Konflik Dan Peacebuilding.” Jurnal Ilmiah Syi’ar 18, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.29300/syr.v18i1.1510.
Hallaq, Wael B. Ibn Taimiyya Against the Greek Logicians. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Hardiman, F Budi. Pemikiran Modern Dari Machiavelli Sampai Nietzsche. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius, 2019.
Hoodbhoy, Pervez. Islam Dan Sains Pertarungan Menegakkan Rasionalitas. Edited by Luqman and Thohiruddin Lubis. Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka, 1997.
Iqbal, Imam. “Logika Keilmuan Kalam: Tinjauan Filsafat Ilmu.” Esensia 16, no. 2 (2015).
Iqbal, Muhammad. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Dodo Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1177/003463733503200421.
Ismail, Roni. Menuju Hidup Islami. Yogyakarta: Insan Madani, 2009.
Kartanegara, Mulyadhi. Menembus Batas Waktu: Panorama Filsafat Islam. Bandung: Mizan, 2005.
Khaldun, Ibn. “Muqaddimah.” edited by Abdullah Muhammad Al-Darwisy. Damaskus, 2004.
Kuntowijoyo. Islam Sebagai Ilmu Epistemologi, Metodologi, Dan Etika. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 2007.
Kurnianto, Rido. “Perbandingan Konsepsi Epistemologi Empirisisme Ibnu Taymiyyah Dan John Locke.” Tsaqafah 10, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v10i1.68.
Loperz-Farjeat, Luis Xavier, and Richard C Taylor. “Reasoning in the Quran.” In The Routledge Companion to Islamic Philosophy. New York: Routledge, 2016.
Madjid, Nurcholish. “Ibn Taymiyya on Kalam and Falsafa (a Problem of Reason and Revelation in Islam).” The University of Chicago, 1984.
———. Karya Lengkap Nurcholish Madjid Keislaman, Keindonesiaan, Dan Kemodernan. Edited by Budhy Munawar Rachman. Jakarta: Nurcholish Madjid Society (NCMS), 1986.
Maghribi, Hamdan, and Alfina Hidayah. “Between Salafi and Sufi: Ibn Taimiyyah’s Critique of Al-Qusyairi’s Views on Sufism.” Tsaqafah 19, no. 2 (2023).
Mahmud, Abdul Halim. Al-Islam Wa Al-’Aql. Cairo: Dar al-Ma’arif, 2017.
Manan, M Azzam. “Pemikiran Pembaruan Dalam Islam: Pertarungan Antara Mazhab Konservatif Dan Aliran Reformis.” Masyarakat Indonesia, no. 2 (2011): 187–207. http://ejournal.lipi.go.id/index.php/jmi/article/view/653.
Mundiri. Logika. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2011.
Na’im, Zaedun. “Epistimologi Islam Dalam Perpsektif M. Abid Al Jabiri.” Jurnal Transformatif 5, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.23971/tf.v5i2.2774.
Nadvi, Syed Sulaiman. “Muslims and Greek Schools of Philosophy.” Islamic Studies 51, no. 2 (2012).
Nadwi, Abu Hasan Ali. Rijal Al-Fikr Wa Ad-Da’wah Fi Al-Islam. Damaskus dan Beirut: Dar Ibnu katsir, 2007.
Nafiu Arikewuyo, Ahmed. “A Comparative Study of Al-Ghazali’s and Ibn Taymiyyah’s Views on Sufism.” International Journal of Islamic Thought 17, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.24035/IJIT.17.2020.166.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Sains Dan Peradaban Di Dalam Islam. Edited by J. Mahyudin and Ahmad Noe’man. Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka, 1997.
Nasysyar, Ali Sami. Manahij Al-Bahts ’inda Mufakkiri Al-Islam. Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-’Arabi, 1947.
Nurcholis, Moch. “Integrasi Islam Dan Sains: Sebuah Telaah Epistemologi.” Falasifa 12, no. 1 (2021).
OFM, Alex Lanur. Logika Selayang Pandang. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2007.
Rayan, Sobhi. “Criticism of Ibn Taymiyyah on the Aristotelian Logical Proposition.” Islamic Studies 51, no. 1 (2012). http://www.jstor.org/stable/23643925.
———. “Ibn Taymiyya’s Criticism of the Syllogism.” Der Islam 86, no. 1 (October 2011). https://doi.org/10.1515/islam.2011.016.
Rusyd, Ibnu. “Filsafat Islam Dan Masalah Kemunduran Peradaban Islam.” Jurnal Al-Aqidah 13, no. 2 (2021).
Saleh, Isman. “Penalaran Profetik Perspektif Ibnu Taimiyyah (Kritik Ibnu Taimiyyah Terhadap Silogisme Yunani).” Tsaqafah 15, no. 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3006.
Taimiyyah, Ibnu. Ar-Raddu ’ala Al-Manthiqiyyin. Beirut: Muassasah ar-Rayan, 2005.
———. Naqdh Al-Manthiq. Cairo: Mathba’ah al-Sunnah al-Muhammadiyah, 1951.
Thayyib, Ahmad. Ahlu As-Sunnah Wa Al-Jama’ah. Cairo: Dar al-Quds al-’Arabi, 2018.
Vera, Susanti, and R. Yuli A. Hambali. “Aliran Rasionalisme Dan Empirisme Dalam Kerangka Ilmu Pengetahuan.” Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ushuluddin 1, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.15575/jpiu.12207.
Zahrah, Muhammad Abu. Ibnu Taimiyyah Hayatuhu Wa ’Ashruhu Arauhu Wa Fiqhuhu. Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-’Arabi, n.d.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Aviv Nafiudin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
