Merajut Hidup Bahagia dan Bermakna pada Lansia melalui Reminiscence Therapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/hum.v1i1.2557Abstract
The elderly have many decreased abilities in many aspects of their development, therefore they have limitations in their activities and social interactions in meeting their needs. Those limitations make the elderly feel useless and worthless which may evoke anxiety, stress, and even depression. This study aims to determine the process and the advantages of reminiscence therapy in increasing the happiness and meaning in life in elderly people. The method used in this empirical investigation was literature study, namely by filtering several published scientific articles which are related to the topic of this study. 72 articles relevant and published between 2012 and 2022 were found. The result of the literature study shows that reminiscence therapy is a therapeutic process that guides elderly people to review their past positive and negative experiences, and then they interpret and take lesson from all those events to build a positive view and acceptance towards themselves. This will be able to increase the happiness and meaning in life in the elderly until ego integrity is achieved.
Keywords: Elderly, Happiness, Meaning in life, Reminiscence Therapy.References
Abdel-Aziz, H. R., & Ahmed, H. A. A. (2021). The effect of group reminiscence therapy on self-esteem and emotional well-being of older adults. Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 12(4), 513–520. https://doi.org/10.15452/cejnm.2021.12.0027
Ageing. (2020). WHO | World Health Organization. Retrieved Juni 30, 2022, from https://www.who.int/health-topics/ageing#tab=tab_1
Aglozo, E. Y., Akotia, C. S., Osei-Tutu, A., & Annor, F. (2021). Spirituality and subjective well-being among Ghanaian older adults: Optimism and meaning in life as mediators. Aging & Mental Health, 25(2), 306–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1697203
Ardhani, A. N., & Kurniawan, Y. (2020). Kebermaknaan hidup pada lansia di panti wreda. Jurnal Psikologi Integratif, 8(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpsi.v8i1.1978
Aritonang, J. M. P., Soewadi, S., & Wirasto, R. T. (2018). Korelasi tingkat kebermaknaan hidup dengan depresi pada lansia di Posyandu Lansia Padukuhan Soro Padan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Duta Wacana, 3(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.21460 /bikdw.v3i1.77
Ayu, N. M. S., & Kurniawaty, D. (2018). Analisis domain fungsi kognitif lansia dengan demensia melalui reminiscence therapy di Panti Werdha Anugerah Tanjungpinang. Jurnal Keperawatan, 8(2), 847–856.
Bahkruddinsyah, R. (2016). Makna hidup dan arti kebahagiaan pada lansia di Panti Werdha Nirwana Puri Samarinda. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 4(1), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo .v4i1.3931
Barfarazi, H., Pourghaznein, T., Mohajer, S., Mazlom, S. R., & Asgharinekah, S. M. (2018). Evaluating the effect of painting therapy on happiness in the elderly. Evidence Based Care Journal, 8(3), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.22038/ebcj.2018.31572.1785
Bastaman, H. D. (2007). Logoterapi: Psikologi untuk menemukan makna hidup dan meraih hidup bermakna. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Bazooband, A., Baghbanian, A., & Torkfar, G. (2016). A study of group reminiscence therapy and emotional intelligence among elderly members. Geriatric Care, 2(2), 24–28. https://doi.org/10.4081/ gc.2016.5927
Bernard, Dirawan, G. D., & Nurlita. (2018). Social interactions and elderly quality of life in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 23(2), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.97 90/0837-2302107783
Bharathi, A. R. (2021). Evaluate the Effectiveness of Reminiscence Therapy. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(46A), 447–452. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i46A32887
Br Ginting, L. A. U., Puji Mulyani, W., & Muta’ali, L. (2019). Pemetaan lansia di Indonesia ditinjau dari karakteristik sosial, ekonomi, dan status kesehatan. Sosio Informa, 5(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.33007 /inf.v5i1.1664
Ching-Teng, Y., Ya-Ping, Y., Chia-Ju, L., & Hsiu-Yueh, L. (2020). Effect of group reminiscence therapy on depression and perceived meaning of life of veterans diagnosed with dementia at veteran homes. Social Work in Health Care, 59(2), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389 .2019.1710320
Dahliana., HS, I., & Nurhasanah. (2019). Social support dengan depresi pada lansia di panti werdha. Idea Nursing Journal, 10(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.52199/inj.v10i2.13942
Damirchi, E. S., Mohammadi, N., Ramezani, S., & Amanzad, Z. (2018). The effectiveness of spirituality group therapy on happiness and hardiness in elderly women. Journal of Research on Religion & Health, 4(2), 42–53.
Feldman, R. S. (2018). Development across the life span (Eight edition, global edition). Pearson.
Firdaus, E. S., Widyarini, N., & Mustika, M. D. (2019). The Effectiveness of Reminiscence Therapy in Improving Elderly’s Well-Being. Humaniora, 10(3), 191–196. https://doi.org/10.21512/humaniora .v10i3.5874
Frankl, V. E. (2017). Man’s search for meaning (Alih bahasa: Haris Priyatna). Jakarta: Noura Books.
Gati, N. W., Mustikasari, & Putri, Y. S. E. (2016). Peningkatan integritas diri lansia melalui terapi kelompok terapeutik dan reminiscence. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 4(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj .4.1.2016.31-39
Gillies, C., & James, A. (1994). Reminiscence work with old people (1. ed). Chapman & Hall.
Harini, I. (2018). The effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive function in the elderly in Abiansemal 1 Public Health Center on 2018. Jurnal Gema Keperawatan, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33992/jgk .v11i1.242
Heidari, F., Amiri, A., & Amiri, Z. (2016). The effect of person-centered narrative therapy on happiness and death anxiety of elderly people. Asian Social Science, 12(10), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass .v12n10p117
Hermawati, E., & Permana, I. (2020). Manfaat terapi reminiscence dalam mengatasi depresi pada lansia. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa, 3(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.32584/jikj.v3i1.447
Hidayati, L. N., Mustikasari, M., & Eka Putri, Y. S. (2015). Individual reminiscence therapy can decrease depression level on elderly at social homes. Jurnal Ners, 10(2), 222–232. https://doi.org/10.20473/ jn.v10i2.1297
Hidayatulloh, A. I., Valency, E., & Rahmawati, A. (2021). Pengaruh terapi reminiscence terhadap harapan hidup lansia. Jurnal Mitra Kencana Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan, 5(2), 18–24.
Hoseimi, J., & Zadehmohammadi, A. (2021). The effect of music therapy on self-esteem and meaning of life in the elderly. Journal of Applied Psychology, 15(3), 497–510. https://doi.org/10.52547/apsy.2021 .220924.1010
Hosseini, F. S., Sharifi, N., & Jamali, S. (2021). Correlation anxiety, stress, and depression with perceived social support among the elderly: A cross-sectional study in Iran. Ageing International, 46(1), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-020-09376-9
Hurlock, E. B. (2015). Psikologi perkembangan: Suatu pendekatan sepanjang rentang kehidupan (edisi kelima, alih bahasa: Istiwidayanti dan Soedjarwo). Jakarta: Erlangga.
Ildarabadi, E., Khorashadizadeh, F., Zafaranlou, N. R., & Shamsabadi, A. A. (2020). Effectiveness of group reminiscence therapy on mental health status and levels of happiness among elderly patients on hemodialysis: A randomized clinical trial. Aging Medicine and Healthcare, 11(4), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.33879/AMH.114 .2020.04011
Juniarni, L., Lindayani, L., Nurdina, G., & Hendra, A. (2020). Effectiveness of reminiscence therapy on depression level among elderly. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa, 3(4), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.32584/jikj .v3i4.546
Kaharingan, E., Bidjuni, H., & Karundeng, M. (2015). Pengaruh penerapan terapi okupasi terhadap kebermaknaan hidup pada lansia di Panti Werdha Damai Ranomuut Manado. Jurnal Keperawatan, 3(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.35790/jkp.v3i2.8141
Kail, R. V., & Cavanaugh, J. C. (2019). Human development: A life-span view (8e, eight edition ed.). Cengage.
Karisna, N. D., & Pihasniwati, P. (2019). Peningkatan kebahagiaan lansia dengan pelatihan relaksasi dzikir di Rumah Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Terlantar Budhi Dharma. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Media Pemikiran Dan Dakwah Pembangunan, 3(1), 141–160. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2019.031-07
Kartika, I. R. (2016). Pengaruh reminiscence therapy terhadap penurunan tingkat stres pada lansia. Human Care Journal, 1(1). http://dx.doi.org /10.32883/hcj.v1i1.32
Kaunang, V. D., Buanasari, A., & Kallo, V. (2019). Gambaran tingkat stres pada lansia. Jurnal Keperawatan, 7(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.35790/ jkp.v7i2.24475
Kim, H. G. (2014). Effects of a cinema therapy-based group reminiscence program on depression and ego integrity of nursing home elders. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 23(4), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2014 .23.4.233
Kim, M., & Oh, M. (2018). The effect of reminiscence-oriented group arts therapy on the ego integrity, depression and quality of life for the elderly patients with dementia in a nursing home. Journal of Arts Psychotherapy, 14(1), 249–271. https://doi.org/10.32451/KJOAPS .2018.14.1.249
Kokom, K., & Edwina, T. N. (2020). Relationship between social support families with meaningfulness of life in the elderly in rural kebandungan. Jurnal Psikologi TALENTA, 5(2), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.26858/talenta.v5i2.9859
Lara, R., Vázquez, M. L., Ogallar, A., & Godoy-Izquierdo, D. (2020). Optimism and social support moderate the indirect relationship between self-efficacy and happiness through mental health in the elderly. Health Psychology Open, 7(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/2055102920947905
Liu, Z., Yang, F., Lou, Y., Zhou, W., & Tong, F. (2021). The effectiveness of reminiscence therapy on alleviating depressive symptoms in older adults: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 709853. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.709853
Lök, N., Bademli, K., & Selçuk‐Tosun, A. (2019). The effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive functions, depression, and quality of life in Alzheimer patients: Randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/ gps.4980
Lutzman, M., & Sommerfeld, E. (2021). The role of meaning in life as a protective factor in suicidal ideation among elderly men with physical illnesses. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02332-z
Macleod, F., Storey, L., Rushe, T., & McLaughlin, K. (2021). Towards an increased understanding of reminiscence therapy for people with dementia: A narrative analysis. Dementia, 20(4), 1375–1407. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301220941275
Maydinar, D. D., Effendi, S., & Tusholehah, A. (2019). Pengaruh terapi kelompok reminiscence terhadap depresi pada lanjut usia di BPPLU Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Sains Kesehatan, 26(3), 50–58.
Mishra, K., Misra, N., & Chaube, N. (2021). Expressive arts therapy for subjective happiness and loneliness feelings in institutionalized elderly women: A pilot study. Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 12(1), 38–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507686.2021 .1876116
Moral, J. C. M., Terrero, F. B. F., Galán, A. S., & Rodríguez, T. M. (2015). Effect of integrative reminiscence therapy on depression, well-being, integrity, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in older adults. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(3), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 17439760.2014.936968
Motamedi, A., Mostafapour, V., & Farokhi, H. (2018). The Effectiveness of Hope Group therapy on Enhancement of Happiness and Quality of Life in Elderly Women in tasouj. Journal of Aging Psychology, 3(4), 243–252.
Mulyaningsih, S. A., Pamungkas, I. C., Ramadhany, A., & Sulandari, S. (2020). Permasalahan lansia di era 4.0: Peran keluarga dan lansia. Abdi Psikonomi, 1(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.23917/ psikonomi.v1i1.73
Narimani, M., & Samadifard, H. (2018). Social health in the elderly: The role of self-esteem, self-efficiency and happiness. Journal of Aging Psychology, 3(3), 199–206.
Nancye, P. M., Husni, A., & Sawitri, D. R. (2022). Peningkatan integritas diri lansia melalui life review. Jurnal Keperawatan, 14(1), 163–170.
Pae, K. (2017). Perbedaan tingkat depresi pada lansia yang tinggal di panti werdha dan yang tinggal di rumah bersama keluarga. Jurnal Ners LENTERA, 5(1), 21–32.
Parvaneh, E., Azizi, K., & Karimi, P. (2015). The effectiveness of hope-therapy on the enhancement of happiness in elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 1(1), 41–47.
Pramono, L. A., & Fanumbi, C. (2012). Permasalahan lanjut usia di daerah pedesaan terpencil. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal, 6(5), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v6i5.85
Pratomo, A. W., Liftiah, & Dahriyanto, L. F. (2014). Kebermaknaan hidup dan subjective well-being pada lanjut usia Bersuku Jawa Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Intuisi : Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah, 6(2), 74–78. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.15294/intuisi.v6i2.13315
Pourlayavali, R. N., Alikhani, M., Hoseynian, S., Soheylizadeh, S., & Mohammadifar, M. (2016). The effect of group reminiscence on happiness and life expectancy of elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 1(3), 147–156.
Rahayuni, N. P. N., Utami, P. A. S., & Swedarma, K. E. (2015). Pengaruh terapi reminiscence terhadap stres lansia di Banjar Luwus Baturiti Tabanan Bali. Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya, 2(2), 130–138.
Rahcmawati, D. H., & Febriana, B. (2017). Efektifitas logoterapi dalam meningkatkan konsep diri dan kemampuan memaknai hidup pada lansia. Jurnal Perawat Indonesia, 1(1), 26–31. https://doi.org/ 10.32584/jpi.v1i1.6
Rahman, S. (2016). Faktor-faktor yang mendasari stres pada lansia. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 16(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpp.v16i1 .2480
Rahmaniza, & Permanasari, I. (2022). Peningkatan harga diri lansia menggunakan terapi reminiscence pada harga diri rendah lansia yang tinggal di PSTW Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru. Jurnal Menara Medika, 4(2), 246–251. https://doi.org/10.31869/mm.v4i2.3175
Rokayah, C., Kusnandar, K., & Putri, M. H. (2019). Pengaruh terapi reminiscence terhadap penurunan tingkat depresi pada lansia. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal, 9(2), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.32583/pskm.9.2.2019.73-78
Sales, A., Pinazo-Hernandis, S., & Martinez, D. (2022). Effects of a reminiscence program on meaning of life, sense of coherence and coping in older women living in nursing homes during COVID-19. Healthcare, 10(2), 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020188
Saneesh, A., Thomas, M., Hena, N. N., & Phil, M. (2015). Effectiveness of video assisted reminiscence therapy (VART) on subjective wellbeing of institutionalized elderly. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science Ver. III, 4(4), 2320–1940.
Santrock, J. W. (2018). A topical approach to life-span development (Ninth Edition). McGraw-Hill Education.
Sari, M. K. (2016). Peningkatan kualitas hidup lansia menggunakan reminiscence affirmative therapy berbasis Teori Lazarus (Improving quality of life in elderly using reminiscence affirmative therapy based on Lazarus Theory). Jurnal Ners LENTERA, 4(1), 81–90.
Sari, N. P. W. P., & Manungkalit, M. (2019). The best predictor of anxiety, stress, and depression among institutionalized elderly. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 8(4), 419–426. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v8i4.20359
Sari, N. R., Maylasari, I., Dewi, F. W. R., Putrianti, R., Nugroho, S. W., & Wilson, H. (2021). Statistik penduduk lanjut usia 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/12/21/0fc02322196 5624a644c1111/statistik-penduduk-lanjut-usia-2020.html
Shah, L. K., Rashmi, S., & Nanjundappa, D. (2018). Effectiveness of reminiscence therapy on health related quality of life among the old age people residing at a selected old age home, Bengaluru, India. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science, 6(2), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v6i02.22060
Sheykhi, A., Navidian, A., Keykha, R., & Rezaee, N. (2019). Effect of reminiscence on the happiness the retired elderly members of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army. Iran Journal of Nursing, 32(119), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.29252/ijn.32.119.1
Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2015). Life-span human development (8e [edition]). Cengage.
Sigelman, C. K., De George-Walker, L., Cunial, K., & Rider, E. A. (2019). Life span human development. Cengange.
Susanto, T. I., Soetjiningsih, C. H., & Samiyono, D. (2020). Terapi reminiscence: Memberdayakan lansia untuk mencapai successful aging. Buletin Psikologi, 28(1), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.22146/ buletinpsikologi.49339
Tian, Q. (2016). Intergeneration social support affects the subjective well-being of the elderly: Mediator roles of self-esteem and loneliness. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(6), 1137–1144. https://doi.org/10. 1177/1359105314547245
Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K). (2020). The situation of the elderly in Indonesia and access to social protection programs: Secondary data analysis. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Tsao, Shu, & Lan. (2019). Development of a reminiscence therapy system for the elderly using the integration of virtual reality and augmented reality. Sustainability, 11(17), 4792. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su11174792
Ukus, V., Bidjuni, H., & Karundeng, M. (2015). Pengaruh penerapan logoterapi terhadap kebermaknaan hidup pada lansia di Badan Penyantunan Lanjut Usia Senjah Cerah Paniki Bawah Manado. Jurnal Keperawatan, 3(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.35790/ jkp.v3i2.8140
Uraningsari, F., & Djalali, M. A. (2016). Penerimaan diri, dukungan sosial dan kebahagiaan pada lanjut usia. Persona:Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 5(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v5i01.738
Voicu, F. (2021). Meaning in life in elderly. Archiv Euromedica, 11(5), 66–68. https://doi.org/10.35630/2199-885X/2021/11/5.18
Widowati, I., Hidayati, S., & Harnany, A. S. (2018). Pengaruh logotherapy dan aktivitas spiritual terhadap makna hidup lansia. Jurnal Litbang Kota Pekalongan, 14, 71–81. https://doi.org/10.54911/litbang .v14i0.67
Wu, L.-F., & Koo, M. (2016). Randomized controlled trial of a six-week spiritual reminiscence intervention on hope, life satisfaction, and spiritual well-being in elderly with mild and moderate dementia: Spiritual reminiscence and dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(2), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.1002/ gps.4300
Yen, H.-Y., & Lin, L.-J. (2018). A systematic review of reminiscence therapy for older adults in Taiwan. Journal of Nursing Research, 26(2), 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000233
Young-sook, K., & Ji-Hyang, I. (2015). A Study on Effects of Group Art Therapy Applying Pictures to Reminiscence Function and Ego-Integrity of the Elderly. Korean Journal of Art Therapy, 22(1), 249–261. https://doi.org/10.35594/KATA.2015.22.1.012
Yousefi, Z., Sharifi, K., Tagharrobi, Z., & Akbari, H. (2015). The effect of narrative reminiscence on happiness of elderly women. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 17(11), e19612. https://doi.org/10.5812/ ircmj.19612
Zadeh, A. C., Ardakani, Z. A., & Ardakani, N. K. A. (2018). The Effectiveness of Hope Therapy on Happiness and Quality of Life of Older Women Residing in the Nursing Home. Journal of Gerontology, 2(4), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.29252/joge.2.4.36
Zhang, L., Li, Y., Kou, W., Xia, Y., Yu, X., & Du, X. (2021). Reminiscence therapy exhibits alleviation of anxiety and improvement of life quality in postoperative gastric cancer patients: A randomized, controlled study. Medicine, 100(35), e26821. https://doi.org/10.1097/ MD.0000000000026821
