New Historicism: Kajian Sejarah dalam Karya Imajinatif Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal’un Saddam Hussein
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/jkii.v4i2.1102Keywords:
new historicism, teks imajinatif, dunia realitasAbstract
Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kajian kesusastraan dengan menggunakan new historicism mampu mengungkap pelbagai kekuatan budaya, sosial, ekonomi, dan politik yang menyetubuh dan menyelinap dalam setiap sela teks sastra yang merupakan ranah estetik (aesthetic richness). Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa karya sastra tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan pelbagai konteks zaman dan praksis budaya, sosial, ekonomi, serta politik yang melingkupinya. Penelitian ini tidak sependapat dengan konsep new criticism John Crowe Ransom (The New Criticism, 1941 dan Criticism as Pure Speculation, 1971) dan William K. Wimsatt dan Monroe Beardsley (The Intentional Fallacy, 1946 dan The verbal Icon, 1954) yang mengatakan bahwa karya sastra merupakan autotelic artefact. Sehingga menjadi tidak tepat ketika pemahaman terhadap sastra dikaitkan dengan pengarang, pembaca, maupun konteks di luar karya sastra. Penelitian ini mendukung konsep new historicism Stephen Greenblatt (Practicing New Historicism, 2000) yang menyatakan bahwa dunia imajinatif-estetis tidak pernah terlepas dari relasi kekuasaan dunia realitas yang termanifestasi dalam karya sastra sebagai apresiasi estetis individu dan praksis budaya, sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Berdasarkan interpretasi kritis new historicism Greenblatt terhadap novel Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal’un diperoleh hasil penelitian berupa pemahaman karya imajinatif yang penuh dengan simbol yang lebih lengkap dan dalam (deeper understanding of value) dengan melibatkan konteks ekstrinsikalitas karya sastra di dalamnya dan novel Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal’un hadir sebagai tanggapan reflektif-imajinatif Saddam Hussein sebagai pengarangnya.
[This research proves that literary studies using new historicism can reveal the various cultural, social, economic, and political forces that intercourse and sneak in every literary text: aesthetic richness. This research reveals that literary works cannot be separated from the various contexts of the era and the cultural, social, economic, and political praxis that surround them. This study disagrees with the concept of new criticism John Crowe Ransom (The New Criticism, 1941 and Criticism as Pure Speculation, 1971) and William K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley (The Intentional Fallacy, 1946 and The verbal Icon, 1954) literature is an autotelic artifact. So it is not appropriate when the understanding of literature is associated with authors, readers, and contexts outside of literary works. This research supports Stephen Greenblatt's new historicism concept (Practicing New Historicism, 2000), which states that the imaginative-aesthetic world is never separated from the power relations of the world of reality which are manifested in literature as an individual aesthetic appreciation and cultural, social, economic, and political praxis. Based on the critical interpretation of Greenblatt's new historicism of the Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal'un novel, the research results are in the form of a deeper understanding of imaginative works of symbols (deeper understanding of value) involving the context of the extrinsicality of literary works in it and the novel Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal. 'un appears as the reflective-imaginative response of Saddam Hussein as the author.]
Downloads
Abstract viewed: 1792 times
|
PDF downloaded = 1258 times
References
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London: Verso, 1991.
Brannigan, John. New Historicism and Cultural Materialism, London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 1998.
Cuddon, J.A. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory , London: Penguin Books, 1999.
Damono, Sapardi Djoko. Sastra, Politik, dan ideologi, Depok: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia, 1994.
______________, “Beberapa Catatan Tentang New Criticism”, PPKB-UI, PPPG Bahasa, 27-30 Mei 2002.
Gallagher, Catherine dan Stephen Greenblatt, Practicing New Historicism, Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Hickman, Miranda B. dan John D. McIntyre, Rereading The New Criticism, USA: Ohio State University Press, 2012.
Hussein, Saddam, Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal’un, Baghdad.
Jancovich, Marx. The Cultural Politics of The New Criticism, Britain: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Litz, A. Walton. Louis Menand, dan Lawrence Rainey, The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism: Modernism and New Criticism UK: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
McCleery, Alistair dan Benjamin A. Brabon, The Influence of Benedict Anderson, Norwich: Merchiston Publishing, 2007.
Payne, Michael. The Greenblatt Reader: Stephen Greenblatt, Australia: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2005.
Ransom, John Crowe, Criticism as Pure Speculation. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1971.
________________. The New Criticism: An Examination of the Critical Theories of I.A. Richards, T.S. Eliot, Yvor Winters, William Empson, USA: Praeger Publishers Inc, 1941.
Rodiah, Ita. Perempuan dan Narasi dalam Kekusastraan Kontemporer Indonesia, Jakarta: Cinta Buku Media, 2014.
_________. Perspektif Oksidentalisme Hanafi dalam Novel Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal’un Karya Saddam Hussein, Tesis Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Universitas Indonesia, 2010.
Salim, Erwin Y. “Novel Terakhir Saddam Hussein Tarian Setan”, Gatra, No. 7, Kamis 28 Desember 2006.
Wimsatt Jr, William K. dan Monroe C. Beardsley, “The Intentional Fallacy”, The Sewanee Review, Vol.54, No.3, Jul-Sept 1946.
__________________. The Verbal Icon: Studies In The Meaning of Poetry Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1954.
