Tinjauan Perspektif Islam dan Sains: Penggunaan Kulit Ikan Nila sebagai Alternatif Bahan Baku Gelatin Halal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/kaunia.3363Keywords:
Gelatin halal, Kulit ikan nilaAbstract
Produk gelatin impor secara umum belum terjamin status kehalalannya karena menggunakan bahan babi dalam proses pembuatannya. Limbah kulit ikan nila di Indonesia masih belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal, padahal kandungan protein pada kulit ikan nila cukup tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menjelaskan potensi pemanfaatan kulit ikan nila sebagai gelatin halal yang ditinjau dalam perspektif Islam dan sains. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bahan dasar merupakan salah satu faktor kehalalan gelatin dan berdasarkan QS. Al Maidah: 96 bahwa kehalalan semua ikan termasuk ikan nila sudah terjamin halal bahkan ketika menjadi bangkai sekalipun. Protein yang terkandung pada ikan nila sebagai sumber gelatin memiliki persentase yang lebih tinggi dari jenis ikan lainnya sebesar 1,5% yang menyebabkan rendemen ikan nila lebih tinggi terutama pada bagian kulit. Metode penelitian berdasarkan hasil dari studi literatur. Ikan nila memiliki kekuatan gel gelatin sebesar 178,11 bloom. The Gelatin Manufacturers Institute of America GMIA (2019) menyatakan nilai kekuatan gel, viskositas, pH gelatin yang memenuhi standar sebesar 50-300 bloom, 15-75 mps dan 3,8-7,5. Kekentalan pada gel gelatin ikan nila sangatlah baik yang didukung dengan rendahnya tingkat kerapuhan dan ekstensibel gelatin yang terjaga, dapat dilihat pada nilai viskositas dengan hasil 66,33±3,51 sehingga kulit ikan nila sangat berpotensi sebagai alternatif bahan baku gelatin halal.
[In general, imported gelatin products are not guaranteed halal status because they use pork in the manufacturing process. Tilapia skin waste in Indonesia is still not used optimally, even though the protein content in tilapia skin is quite high. This study aims to explain the potential use of tilapia skin as halal gelatin which is reviewed from the perspective of Islam and science. The results of this study indicate that the basic ingredient is one of the halal factors of gelatin and is based on QS. Al Maidah: 96 that the halalness of all fish including tilapia is guaranteed to be halal even when it becomes a carcass. The protein contained in tilapia as a source of gelatin has a higher percentage than other types of fish by 1.5% which causes higher fish yields, especially in the skin. The research method is based on the results of the literature study. Tilapia has a gelatin gel strength of 178.11 blooms, the Gelatin Manufacturers Institute of America GMIA (2019) stated that the gel strength, viscosity, pH values of gelatin meet the standards are 50-300 bloom, 15-75 mps, and 3.8-7, 5. The viscosity of the tilapia gelatin gel is very good which is supported by the low level of brittleness and extensibility of the gelatin that is maintained, it can be seen in the viscosity value with the results of 66.33±3.51 so that tilapia skin is very potential as an alternative raw material for halal gelatin.]
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