Subduction and Local Fault Earthquake Analysis Using ST-DBSCAN Clustering Algorithm in The Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY)

Wuri Handayani; Irfan Pratama; Nugroho Budi  Wibowo

doi:10.14421/kaunia.5347

Authors

Wuri Handayani Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta
Irfan Pratama Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta
Nugroho Budi Wibowo Stasiun Geofisika Sleman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14421/kaunia.5347

Keywords:

earthquakes, subduction, local faults, Davies-Bouldin Index, Silhouette Score

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of subduction and local fault earthquakes in the Special Region of Yogyakarta using the ST-DBSCAN (Spatio-Temporal Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) algorithm. A total of 5,403 earthquake events from 2019 to 2024 were clustered using spatial parameters (2–5 km) and a temporal window of 10 days. The results were evaluated using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) and Silhouette Score. In the subduction zone, nine clusters were identified with a DBI of 3.23 and a Silhouette Score of 0.18, indicating moderate separation. Meanwhile, 25 clusters were detected in the local fault zone, particularly around the Opak and Oyo Faults, with a higher DBI of 3.82 and a negative Silhouette Score (-0.14), suggesting overlapping clusters and weak structure. The clustering outcomes correlate with geological features and offer insights for improving earthquake hazard assessment and early warning systems in Yogyakarta.

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