Optimizing Personal Data Protection Legal Framework in Indonesia (a Comparative Law Study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/sh.v11i2.2729Keywords:
Cyber Law, Personal Data Protection, Indonesia, RegulationsAbstract
This study explores the protection of personal data-appealing discourse these days. Globally, 132 countries already have special arrangements to protect personal data. The Bill on the Protection of Personal Data in Indonesia is already in the National Legislation Program. Indonesia does not yet have special regulations regarding protecting personal data. Furthermore, it also discussed personal data protection regulations in several countries, both Europe and Asia. This study uses a comparative study that compares personal data protection among countries for further studies on what matters should be included in the Data Protection Bill for Indonesia. The study showed that personal data protection arrangements certainly differ. Most Data Privacy Protection regulates the same stuff, such as principles, protection mechanisms, rights of data subjects, transfers to third countries, and sanctions. It also showed that the regulation of Personal Data Protection in Indonesia is still not adequately controlled compared to the regulations in other countries
References
A. Muh. Ibnu Aqil, 'Alleged Breach Of BPJS Data Points To Indonesia's Weak Data Protection: Experts' (thejakartapost.com, 2021) <https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/05/23/alleged-breach-of-bpjs-data-points-to-indonesias-weak-data-protection-experts.html> accessed 16 April 2022.
Ali ALibeigi and others, "Right to Privacy, a Complicated Concept to Review"" [2019] Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) 3
Amigo L. Xie and others, 'What Is Required Under The PIPL: A PRC-Based Representative Or A Personal Information Protection Officer?' (https://www.klgates.com/, 2022) <https://www.klgates.com/What-is-Required-Under-The-PIPL-A-PRC-Based-Representative-or-a-Personal-Information-Protection-Officer-1-7-2022> accessed 10 April 2022.
Anjali C. Das, 'China’s New Personal Information Protection Law' (natlawreview.com, 2021) <https://www.natlawreview.com/article/china-s-new-personal-information-protection-law> accessed 10 April 2022.
Asian Development Bank Ministry of Finance of Republic of Indonesia, Innovate Indonesia: Unlocking Growth Trough Technological Transformation (1st edn, Asian Development Bank 2020) 4-6
Benjamin Wong Yong Quan, 'Data Privacy Law In Singapore: The Personal Data Protection Act 2012' (2017) 7 International Data Privacy Law.
Carolyn Doyle and Mirko Bagaric, "The right to privacy: appealing, but flawed" (2006) 9 The International Journal of Human Rights 10-12
China Briefing, 'The PRC Personal Information Protection Law (Final): A Full Translation' (china-brifieng.com, 2021) <https://www.china-briefing.com/news/the-prc-personal-information-protection-law-final-a-full-translation/> accessed 15 April 2022.
Chinese Personal Information Protection Law
Condé Nast, 'Ignore China’s New Data Privacy Law At Your Peril' (www.weird.com, 2021) <https://www.wired.com/story/china-personal-data-law-pipl/> accessed 18 April 2022.
Cooley Alert, 'China’s New National Privacy Law: The PIPL' (cooley.com, 2022) <https://www.cooley.com/news/insight/2021/2021-11-30-china-new-national-privacy-law> accessed 16 April 2022.
Daniel J. Solove, "Conceptualizing Privacy" (2002) 90 California Law Review 1087
DataReportal Global Digital Insights, 'Digital 2020: Indonesia’ (datareportal.com, 2020) accessed 18 April 2022.
Deutsche Welle, 'Yahoo Pulls Out Of China Over 'Challenging' Environment' (dw.com, 2022) <https://www.dw.com/en/yahoo-pulls-out-of-china-over-challenging-environment/a-59695571> accessed 18 April 2022.
Edison Tabra, 'Corporate Governance In The Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development (OECD) And Its Influence On The Code Of Good Corporate Governance For Peruvian Corporations' (2020) 22 Journal of Applied Business and Economics.
Eliza Watt, "‘The right to privacy and the future of mass surveillance’" (2017) 21 The International Journal of Human Rights 775-776
European Parliament, "Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council Regulation (EU)" (Official Journal of the European Union 2016)
European Union Commission 'GDPR User Friendly Guide To General Data Protection Regulation' (gdpreu.org, 2020) <https://www.gdpreu.org/#lawfulness-fairness-transparency> accessed 17 April 2022.
Flora Y Wang, "Cooperative Data Privacy: The Japanese Model of Data Privacy and the EU-Japan GDPR Adequacy Agreement" (2020) 33 Harvard Journal of Law & Technology 670
GDPR, 'Art. 83 GDPR – General Conditions For Imposing Administrative Fines' (gdpr-info.eu, 2021) <https://gdpr-info.eu/art-83-gdpr/> accessed 16 April 2022.
Graham Greenleaf, "2014-2017 Update to Graham Greenleaf's Asia Data Privacy Laws – Trade and Human Rights Perspectives" [2017] University of New South Wales Law Research Series 5
GR 71/2019, Paragraph 29, Article 1.
Hong Kong Government, 'The Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance' (Pcpd.org.hk, 2022) <https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/data_privacy_law/ordinance_at_a_Glance/ordinance.html> accessed 27 May 2022.
Ian J Lloyd, Information Technology Law (1st edn, Oxford University Pers 2014).
Indonesian Human Rights Law No. 39 of 1999.
Indra Arief P and Mecca Yumna, 'President Jokowi Highlights Grave Concern For Personal Data Protection' (antaranews.com, 2021) <https://en.antaranews.com/news/203849/president-jokowi-highlights-grave-concern-for-personal-data-protection> accessed 18 April 2022.
Jonathan Saul and Eduardo Baptista, 'Off The Grid: Chinese Data Law Adds To Global Shipping Disruption' (www.reuters.com, 2021) <https://www.reuters.com/world/china/off-grid-chinese-data-law-adds-global-shipping-disruption-2021-11-17/> accessed 18 April 2022.
Josh Horwitz and Kim Coghill, 'China's Market Regulator Fines Alibaba, Tencent For Failing To Report Deals' (www.reuters.com, 2022) <https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-market-regulator-fines-alibaba-tencent-failing-report-deals-2022-01-05/> accessed 18 April 2022.
Juyoen Lee and Eric Yong Joong Lee, "Personal data protection of academic journals in the age of the European General Data Protection Regulation: guidelines for Korean journals" (2019) 6 Science Editing 73-77
Kang Taeuk and Park Susan, "Transfer of Personal Information in a Corporate Structural Change" (2017) 17 Journal of Korean Law 101-113
Karen Weise and Paul Mozur, 'Linkedin To Shut Down Service In China, Citing ‘Challenging’ Environment' (nytimes.com, 2021) <https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/14/technology/linkedin-china-microsoft.html> accessed 18 April 2022.
Kwang Bae Park and others, "Main Issues in Korea Regarding Consent for the Processing of Personal Information, with Emphasis on Recent Supreme Court Cases" (2017) 17 Journal of Korean Law 61-63
Laura He, 'China's 'Unprecedented' Crackdown Stunned Private Enterprise. One Year On, It May Have To Cut Business Some Slack' (www.cnn.com, 2021) <https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/02/tech/china-economy-crackdown-private-companies-intl-hnk/index.html> accessed 18 April 2022.
Lori N. K. Leonard and Timothy Paul Cronan, "Illegal, Inappropriate, and Unethical Behavior in an Information Technology Context: A Study to Explain Influences" (2001) 1 Journal of Association for Information Systems 3
Mark Tunick, "Privacy Rights: Moral and Legal Foundations by Adam D. Moore" (2011) 37 Social Theory and Practice 511-512
Martin Campbell-Kelly and Daniel D Garcia-Swartz, "The History of the Internet: The Missing Narratives." (2013) 28 Journal of Information Technology 20-21
Matt Bower and Clement Sung, 'Data Privacy & Transfer In Investigations: Hong Kong - Global Investigations Review' (globalinvestigationsreview.com, 2021) <https://globalinvestigationsreview.com/insight/know-how/data-privacy-and-transfer-in-investigations/report/hong-kong> accessed 27 May 2022.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 'Amended Act On The Protection Of Personal Information' (Personal Information Protection Commission 2020).
Newley Purnell, 'Facebook, Twitter, Google Threaten To Quit Hong Kong Over Proposed Data Laws' (wjs.com, 2021) <https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-twitter-google-warn-planned-hong-kong-tech-law-could-drive-them-out-11625483036> accessed 17 April 2022.
Nicholas Doyle, "The ASEAN Human Rights Declaration and the Implications of Recent Southeast Asian Initiatives in Human Rights Institution-Building and Standard-Setting" (2014) 63 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 69-70
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD, 'OECD Guidelines On The Protection Of Privacy And Transborder Flows Of Personal Data - OECD' (Oecd.org, 2018) <https://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/oecdguidelinesontheprotectionofprivacyandtransborderflowsofpersonaldata.htm> accessed 27 May 2022.
Paul Mozur, 'Grindr Is Pulled From Apple’S App Store In China.' (nytimes.com, 2022) <https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/02/business/grindr-apple-app-store-china.html> accessed 18 April 2022.
Personal Data Protection Act 2012, Section 56
Personal Data Protection Commissioner Malaysia, 'PDP Code Of Practice - For Licensees Under The Communications And Multimedia Act 1998' (pdp.gov.my, 2017) <https://www.pdp.gov.my/jpdpv2/assets/2019/09/Communications-Sector-PDPA-COP.pdf> accessed 27 May 2022.
Peter Mahmud Mazurni, Penelitian Hukum (1st edn, Prenada Media 2015).
Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA), Section 5, Article 1.
Public Sector Governance Act 2018, Section 7
Rizki Fachriansyah, 'Lion Air Leak Puts Data Protection In Spotlight' (thejakartapost.com, 2019) <https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/09/19/lion-air-leak-puts-data-protection-in-spotlight.html> accessed 18 April 2022.
Rogier Creemers and Graham Webster, 'Translation: Personal Information Protection Law Of The People's Republic Of China-Effective Nov. 1, 2021-Digichina' (digichina.stanford.edu, 2021) <https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/translation-personal-information-protection-law-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china-effective-nov-1-2021/> accessed 17 April 2022.
Ruth Gavison, "Privacy and the Limits of Law" (1980) 89 The Yale Law Journal 421
Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, "The Right to Privacy" (1890) 4 Harvard Law Review 195-197
Sangchul Park and others, "Information Technology–Based Tracing Strategy in Response to COVID-19 in South Korea—Privacy Controversies" (2020) 323 JAMA 21-24
Selina Cheng, 'Hong Kong Moves To Ease Fears As Industry Group Says Facebook, Google, Twitter May Pull Out Of City Over New Privacy Law - Hong Kong Free Press HKFP' (hongkongfp.com, 2021) <https://hongkongfp.com/2021/07/06/hong-kong-moves-to-ease-fears-as-facebook-google-twitter-threaten-to-pull-out-of-city-over-new-privacy-law/> accessed 13 April 2022.
Sinta Dewi, ‘Model Regulation for Data Privacy in the Application of Biometric Smart Card’ (2017) 4 Brawijaya Law Journal
Sinta Rosadi, 'Protecting Privacy On Personal Data In Digital Economic Era : Legal Framework In Indonesia' (2018) 5 Brawijaya Law Journal.
Sionaidh Douglas-Scott, "Privacy, Intimacy and Isolation. by Julie Inness" (1993) 102 Oxford University Press 655–658
Sugeng and Annisa Fitria, "Legal Protection of E-Commerce Consumers Through Privacy Data Security" (2021) Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights 2020 (ICLHR 2020) 2-4.
Terence Lee and Howard Lee, 'Tracing Surveillance And Auto-Regulation In Singapore: ‘Smart’ Responses To COVID-19' (2020) 177 Media International Australia.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 'Personal Data (Privacy) (Amendment) Bill 2021' (Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau 2021).
Vili Lehdonvirta, 'European Union Data Protection Directive: Adequacy Of Data Protection In Singapore' (2004) Singapore Journal of Legal Studies.
World Shipping Council, 'Top 50 Ports' (www.worldshipping.org, 2019) <https://www.worldshipping.org/top-50-ports> accessed 18 April 2022.
Yang Feng, "The future of China’s personal data protection law: challenges and prospects" (2019) 27 Asia Pacific Law Review 70.
Younsik Kim, "Uncertain future of privacy protection under the Korean public health emergency preparedness governance amid the COVID-19 pandemic" (2022) 8 Cogent Social Sciences 10-11.