Balancing Democracy and Adz-Dzari'ah Principles: Legal Reasoning on Term Limits for Political Party Chairpersons in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/sh.v12i2.3171Keywords:
Terms Limit, Political Party, Leadership, Democracy, Adz-Dzari’ahAbstract
This study explores the issue of term limits for political party chairpersons from the perspective of democracy and the principles of az-zari'ah. In 2022-2023, there was a surge in lawsuits to the Constitutional Court regarding the absence of rules regarding the term of office of political party chairpersons in Indonesia. The number of lawsuits shows that the absence of such rules has caused considerable problems, both within and outside political parties and the state. Various political diseases have become increasingly apparent, such as the perception that public officials only follow the direction of party leaders (bossism), and this has the potential to lead to abuse of power by political party chairmen in the context of public policy. Using a qualitative literature review methodology, this study uses a comparative philosophical approach, namely by paying attention to the principles of democracy and applying methods derived from az-zari'ah. Both of these are used because, on the one hand, Indonesia is a country that applies the principles of democracy; on the other hand, many Indonesian people believe in the truth of Islamic law, including the principles of az-zari'ah. It was found that, from the perspective of az-zari'ah, the term of office of the party chairman must be limited (closed) so as not to become a vehicle for political disease. By Az-zari'ah, limiting the term of party leaders becomes a crucial matter, as it helps mitigate potential harms that may arise in the absence of such limitations. Meanwhile, from a democratic perspective, it also has the same value implications, namely the need to limit the term of office of the chairman. Democracy has the basic function of limiting political power in a person and not expanding or giving unlimited power like a monarchical system. This is because democracy believes that power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts. So, since Indonesia uses the philosophy of democracy in its country, every political institution, in this case, political parties, must abide by the same rules.
References
Admaja, Fito Adji Satria. "Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Presiden Dan Wakil Presiden Di Indonesia Perspektif Maqāṣid Asy-Syarī ‘Ah." PhD diss., UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2019.
Aisah Putri Budiatri, Syamsuddin Haris, Lili Romli, Sri Nuryanti, Moch. Nurhasim, Luky Sandra Amalia, Devi Darmawan, Ridho Imawan Hanafi, Personalisasi Partai Politik di Indonesia Era Reformasi (Jakarta: yayasan pustaka obor, 2018), hlm. xiv.
Al Kautsar, Muhammad, and Kurniawan Kurniawan. "Pembatasan Periodesasi Masa Jabatan Anggota Legislatif." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bidang Hukum Kenegaraan 3, no. 3 (2019): 361-371.
Alkostar, Artidjo. "Korelasi korupsi politik dengan hukum dan pemerintahan di negara modern (Telaah tentang praktik korupsi politik dan penanggulangannya)." Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum (2009).
Arifianto, Rafiq. "Urgensi Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Ketua Umum Partai Politik: Perspektif Maslahah." PhD diss., UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2022.
Azhari, Fadil. "Perkembangan Pengaturan Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Presiden Dan Wakil Presiden Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945." PhD diss., Universitas Andalas, 2020.
Baroroh, Nurdhin. "Metamorfosis “Illat Hukum” Dalam Sad Az-zari’ah Dan Fath Adz-Dzariah (Sebuah Kajian Perbandingan)." Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum 5, no. 2 (2017).
Budiatri, Aisah Putri, Syamsuddin Haris, Lili Romli, Sri Nuryanti, Moch Nurhasim, Luky Sandra Amalia, Devi Darmawan, and Ridho Imawan Hanafi. Personalisasi partai politik di Indonesia era reformasi. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2018. Hlm. 27.
Ekawati, Esty, Donna Sweinstani, and K. Mouliza. "Dampak Personalisasi Partai Terhadap Demokrasi Internal Partai Di Indonesia Pasca Orde Baru." Jurnal Wacana Politik 5, no. 2 (2020).
Ferdian, Ridho, et al. Model Kaderisasi Partai Politik melalui Sayap Partai. Wacana Publik 14.1 (2020) 35-40
Ferdinandus, Leonard Umbu Saingu. "UUD 1945 Sebagai Konstitusi Normatif (Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden)." SUPREMASI HUKUM 19, no. 02 (2023): 19-26.
Fitriyah, Fitriyah. "Partai Politik, Rekrutmen Politik dan Pembentukan Dinasti Politik pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada)." Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 11.1 (2020): 1-17.
Gregory B. Poling and Murray Hiebert, “Vietnam Party Congress Meets to Choose Leaders, Set Policy Direction,” CSIS dalam https://www.csis.org/analysis/vietnam-party-congress-meets-choose-leaders-set-policy-direction diakses 7 Oktober 2023.
Hakim, Dani Amran, and Muhamad Rusjana. "Wacana Perpanjangan Masa Jabatan Presiden Perspektif Pemikiran Hukum Progresif." Viva Themis: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora 6, no. 1 (2023): 85-103.
Hallaq, Wael. The impossible state: Islam, politics, and modernity's moral predicament. Columbia University Press, 2012.
Hamrin, Hamrin, and Cucuk Endratno. "Masa Jabatan Lembaga Legislatif Di Indonesia Guna Menegakan Prinsip Konstitualisme." NATIONAL JOURNAL of LAW 6, no. 1 (2022): 704-719.
Harahap, Insan Harapan. "Kaderisasi Partai Politik dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepemimpinan Nasional." (2017).
https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=19298
https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=19298
https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=19330
https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=19330
https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=19377
https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=19377
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2OiXPH4nL0
Imansyah, Teguh. "Regulasi partai politik dalam mewujudkan penguatan peran dan fungsi kelembagaan partai politik." Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 1.3 (2012): 375-395.
Irawan, Sahirah. "Elite Dan Partai Politik (Kekuasaan Megawati Soekarnoputri Di Kursi Ketua Umum Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan [PDI PERJUANGAN] Dalam Lima Periode)." Bachelor's thesis, Program Studi Ilmu Politik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Jeffery A. Winters, Oligarki (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2011), hlm. 51.
Junadi, Yudi, Dedi Mulyadi, M. Rendi Aridhayandi, and Christopher Surya Salim. "Urgensi Pembatasan Periodisasi Masa Jabatan Anggota Legislatif dalam Perspektif Konfigurasi Politik Hukum Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 7, no. 2 (2021): 140-159.
Juniar, Afif. "Redesain demokrasi internal partai politik: Upaya mencegah oligarki dan korupsi partai politik." Jurnal Politikom Indonesiana 6, no. 1 (2021): 17-39.
Karvonen, Lauri. The personalisation of politics: A study of parliamentary democracies. Ecpr Press, 2010.
Maharani, Cahya. "Konstitusionalisme Dalam Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Presiden." Jurnal Rechten: Riset Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia 2, no. 1 (2020): 14-20.
Muhammad Thahir Ibn Asyur, Maqasid Syari’ah al-Islamiyyah (Malaysia: Dar An-Nafais, 2001), hlm. 365.
Muksin, Ayub. "Partai Politik dan Sistim Demokrasi di Indonesia." Populis: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 3.2 (2018): 777-788.
Nailatul Lulu Atum Mabruroh, “Suksesi Kepemimpinan dalam Parpol,” dalam https://cilacap.bawaslu.go.id/2022.09.21/09:44/suksesi-kepemimpinan-dalam-parpol/ diakses 7 Oktober 2023.
Nge, Herri Junius. "Oligarki partai politik dalam rekrutmen calon kepala daerah." Academia Praja: Jurnal Ilmu Politik, Pemerintahan, dan Administrasi Publik 1, no. 01 (2018): 59-84.
Nishan Khatiwada, “Age, term limits in political parties contingent on top leaders’ whims,” The Kathmandu Post, dalam https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2023/06/10/age-term-limits-in-political-parties-contingent-on-top-leaders-whims diakses 7 Oktober 2023.
Nurhasim, Moch. "Kegagalan Modernisasi Partai Politik di Era Reformasi." Jurnal Penelitian Politik 10, no. 1 (2013): 17-28.
Pasaribu, Payerli. "Peranan Partai Politik dalam Melaksanakan Pendidikan Politik." JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik UMA (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA) 5, no. 1 (2017): 51-59.
Pin, Pin, Jannus Timbo Halomoan Siahaan, Bertha Nellya, and Matius Bangun. "Presiden Indonesia Tiga Periode." Jurnal Darma Agung 29, no. 2 (2021): 267-272.
Prakoso, Danny Widodo Uji, and Laila Kholid Alfirdaus. "Analisis Rekrutmen dan Kaderisasi Partai Politik Pada Fenomena Calon Tunggal Petahana Studi Kasus: Pilkada Kabupaten Pati 2017." Journal of Politic and Government Studies 7, no. 2 (2018): 181-190.
Pratiwi, Juang Intan, Neneng Salama, and Siti Ulfah. "Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Presiden di Indonesia." Jurnal Rechten: Riset Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia 3, no. 1 (2021): 18-26.
Riqiey, Baharuddin, Adella Anggia Pramesti, and Alif Cahya Sakti. "Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Ketua Umum Parpol Dalam Perspektif Demokrasi." Jurnal Mengkaji Indonesia 1.1 (2022): 1-17.
RKT, M. Yunus. "Limitasi Kepemimpinan di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Politik Islam." IN RIGHT: Jurnal Agama dan Hak Azazi Manusia 4, no. 1 (2017).
Rofila, Rofila. "Pembatasan masa jabatan Presiden di Indonesia dalam pasal 7 UUD 1945 Perspektif Fiqih Siyasah." PhD diss., Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Achmad Siddiq Jember, 2023.
Syahputra, Muhammad Rizki, and T. Darmansah. "Fungsi Kaderisasi Dalam Meningkatan Kualitas Kepemimpinan." Journal Of Education And Teaching Learning (JETL) 2, no. 3 (2020): 20-28.
Syaputra, Muhammad Yusrizal Adi. "Koalisi Partai Politik di Kabinet: Antara Penguatan Lembaga Kepresidenan atau Politik Balas Budi." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 9, no. 1 (2020): 111-131.
Thohir, Muhammad. "Dinamika Partai Politik Indonesia untuk Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia yang Demokratis." Jurnal Studi Sosial Dan Politik 1.2 (2017): 145-154.
Wahbah az-Zuhaili, al-Wajiz fi Ushul al-Fiqh al-Islami, cet. ke-2 (Beirut: Dar al-Khair, 2006), hlm. 280.
Wahbah az-Zuhaili, Usul al-Fiqh al-Islami, Juz II (Beirut: Dar al-Fikri al-Muasir, 1986), hlm. 173.
Wahyu Suryana, “Di hadapan Mahfud, Bambang Pacul Akui Juragan Anggota DPR adalah Bos Parpol,” Republika, 1 April 2023, dalam https://news.republika.co.id/berita/rseyca377/di-hadapan-mahfud-bambang-pacul-akui-juragan-anggota-dpr-adalah-bos-parpol diakses 16 September 2023.
Witianti, Siti. "Peran Ketua Umum Partai Politik Dalam Pencalonan Kepala Daerah pada Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak Di Indonesia." Jurnal Wacana Politik 4, no. 1 (2019).
Yudhistira, Elsan. "Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Presiden Sebagai Upaya Menghindari Terjadinya Abuse Of Power." Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 23, no. 2 (2020): 132-154.
Zidani, Rifki. Urgensi Pembatasan Periode Jabatan Ketua Umum Partai Politik Perspektif Demokrasi Dan Maslahah mursalah. Diss. UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2022.