Seeking Harmony over Punishment: Restorative Justice Approaches to Domestic Violence in Islamic and Indonesian Legal Frameworks

Inna Fauzi(1), Any Ismayawati(2), Azka Hanani(3)
(1) Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus,
(2) Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus,
(3) Utrecht University

Abstract

Domestic violence in its various forms occured, yet often victims of violence are reluctant to separate from their perpetrators. Reasons such as social, economic, and religious considerations to maintain the household make some victims of domestic violence withdraw their reports and forgive the perpetrators for the sake of household continuity. This research aims to answer what is the perspective of restorarive jastice in Islam and Indonesian national law in domestic violence cases? This research was conducted using a literature research method that explores relevant data in relation to this topic. This research used juridical-normative approach, which then analyzes the data using the concept of restorative justice in Islam and Indonesian national law.The results show that based on the restorative justice system, both in Islam and Indonesian national law, both provide opportunities for perpetrators and victims to restore conflict. The difference is that the concept of restorative justice in Islam emphasizes God's rights and human rights.So that the output can be in the form of victim forgiveness, as well as diyat (fine) sanctions for the perpetrator. Meanwhile, in the restorative justice system of Indonesian state law, it no longer focuses on the concept of imprisonment. Furthermore, this regulation aims for preventive, protective, repressive, and consolidative efforts. This article is limited to an overview of the comparison of restorative justice systems in Islam and Indonesian national law in handling domestic violence cases theoretically.

[Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) dalam berbagai bentuknya sering terjadi, namun seringkali korban kekerasan enggan untuk berpisah dengan pelaku. Alasan seperti kebutuhan sosial, ekonomi, dan pertimbangan agama untuk mempertahankan rumah tangga membuat beberapa korban KDRT mencabut laporan mereka dan memaafkan pelaku demi kelangsungan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab bagaimana perspektif restorarive jastice dalam Islam dan hukum nasional Indonesia dalam kasus kekerasan domestik?. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka yang menggali data relevan sehubungan dengan topik ini. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan yuridis-normatif secara umum, yang kemudian menganalisis data dengan menggunakan konsep restorative justice dalam Islam dan hukum nasional Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan sistem restorative justice, baik dalam Islam dan hukum nasional Indonesia, sama-sama memberikan kesempatan bagi pelaku dan korban untuk memulihkan konflik. Bedanya, dalam konsep restorative justice Islam lebih menekankan pada hak Tuhan dan Hak manusia. Sehingga outputnya dapat berupa pemaafan korban, maupun sanksi diyat (denda) bagi pelaku. Sedangkan dalam sistem restorative justice hukum negara Indonesia, tidak lagi fokus pada konsep pemenjaraan. Lebih jauh, peraturan ini bertujuan untuk upaya prefentif, protektif, represif, dan konsolidatif. Artikel ini terbatas pada gambaran mengenai perbandingan restorative justice sistem dalam Islam dan hukum nasional Indonesia dalam menangani perkara kekerasan domestik secara teoretis.]

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Alexander. “Berdamai, Istri Yang Laporkan Suami Hingga Tersangka Resmi Cabut Laporan.” RMOLBengkulu, 2022. https://www.rmolbengkulu.id/berdamai-istri-yang-laporkan-suami-hingga-tersangka-resmi-cabut-laporan.

Alfaruqy, Muhammad Zulfa, and Endang Sri Indrawati. "Kata Maaf, Apakah Berarti Damai? Relasi Pasangan Suami-Istri di Pusaran Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga." Insight: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi 18, no. 1 (2022): 16-30.

Alias, Muhammad Nazir. "A Review of Maslahah Mursalah and Maqasid Shariah as Methods of Determining Islamic Legal Ruling." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (2021): 2994-3001.

Ananda. “Data Kekerasan KDRT.” kemenppa, 2022.

Arifin, Ridwan, Lilis Eka Lestari. “PENEGAKAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI INDONESIA DALAM KONTEKS IMPLEMENTASI SILA KEMANUSIAAN YANG ADIL DAN BERADAB.” Junral Komunikasi Hukum 5, no. 2 (2019): 12–25.

Ariyani, Mira, and Maryam Qonita. "Perbandingan forgiveness pada wanita korban kdrt ditinjau dari kehadiran anak." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengukuran Psikologi: JPPP 7, no. 1 (2018): 20-25.

Brosi, Matthew, Emily Rolling, Christine Gaffney, and Brianna Kitch. "Beyond resilience: Glimpses into women’s posttraumatic growth after experiencing intimate partner violence." The American Journal of Family Therapy 48, no. 1 (2020): 1-15.

Carriere, Kevin. R. “Threats to Human Rights: A General Review.” Ournal of Social and Political Psychology 7, no. 1 (2019): 8–32.

Dalimunthe, Ahmad Rusdi and Luqman Hakim. “Determinan Persepsi Fraudulent Financial Reporting Dalam Fraud Pentagon.” In Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Akuntansi (KNEMA), 89–102, 2020.

Dan Anderberg, Helmut Rainer, Jonathan Wadsworth, Tanya Wilson. “Unemployment and Domestic Violence: Theory and Evidence.” The Economic Journal 126, no. 597 (2016): 1947–1979.

Emei Dwinanarhati Setiamandani, Agung Suprojo. “TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP UU NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA.” Reformasi: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 8, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33366/rfr.v8i1.924.

Faisyah, Ana Rochayati Nur. "PEREMPUAN DAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA." CONS-IEDU: Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal 2, no. 1 (2022): 23-32.

Fallon, Andrew. "Restoration as the spirit of Islamic justice." Contemporary Justice Review 23, no. 4 (2020): 430-443. https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2019.1700370

Ghifari, Ricobie al. “Berdamai, Istri Yang Laporkan Suami Ke Polisi Cabut Laporan.” Kanalkalimantan, 2020. https://www.kanalkalimantan.com/berdamai-istri-yang-laporkan-suami-ke-polisi-cabut-laporan/.

Goodmark, Leigh. “Should Domestic Violence Be Decriminalized.” Women’s L Journal 53 (2017): 54–67.

HILYATUL MASLAHAH, RIZA NOVIANA KHOIRUNNISA. “Resiliensi Pada Remaja Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga.” Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi 7, no. 2 (2020).

Hudaya, Hairul. “KEKERASAN PSIKIS DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (Perspektif Undang-Undang PKDRT Dan Hadis).” Musawa: Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam 16, no. 1 (2017): 53–65.

Irbathy, Shafa Alistiana. “Resiliensi Istri Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Sepanjang Tujuh Tahun Pernikahan.” Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah 10, no. 1 (2022): 2421–28.

jack Donnelly, Daniel J. Whelan. The Concept of Human Rights. New York: Routledge, 2020.

Karakuş, Cansu, and Aslı Göncü-Köse. "Relationships of domestic violence with bullying, silencing-the-self, resilience, and self-efficacy: Moderating roles of stress-coping strategies." Current Psychology 42, no. 16 (2023): 13913-13926.

Kashani, Mohammad Reza Akhzarian. "An introduction to Concepts of Justice in Islam." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 5, no. 11 (2018).

Katsir, Ismail bin Umar bin. Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Adzim juz 7, cet. ke 2 (Riyadh: Dar at-Thaybah, 1997), p. 76.

Katz, E. “Beyond the Physical Incident Model: How Children Living with Domestic Violence Are Harmed by and Resist Regimes of Coercive Control.” Child Abuse Rev. 25 (2016): 46–59.

Lloyd, M., Ramon, S., Vakalopoulou, A., Videmšek, P. Meffan, C., Roszczynska-Michta, J. “Women’s Experiences of Domestic Violence and Mental Health: Findings from a European Empowerment Project.” Psychol. Violence 7 (2017): 478–487.

Luczak, Konstantinos Tsirigotis & Joanna. “Resilience in Women Who Experience Domestic Violence.” Psychiatric Quartely Journal 89 (2018): 201–11.

Malonda, Jaclyene Rachel. “FUNGSI PSIKOLOGI HUKUM DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA.” Lex Crimen 8, no. 5 (2019): 129–42.

Mangasik, Silva, and Christiana Hari Soetjiningsih. "Analisis Forgiveness Istri Terhadap Suami yang Melakukan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga." Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Indonesia 7, no. 1 (2022): 54-62.

Myhill, Andy. “Measuring Domestic Violence: Context Is Everything.” Jounral of Gender-Based Violence 1, no. 1 (2017): 33–44.

Nasution, Hamidah. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor Dominan Forgiveness Pada Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT)." PhD diss., Universitas Negeri Padang, 2022.

Nurdiansyah, Rifqi, and Kaukabilla Alyaparangu. "Kaffārah Rules on Having Intercourse During Ramaḍān: Gender Analysis of Imam Nawāwī and Ibn Qudāmah’s Opinions." Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum 9, no. 1 (2021): 43-62.

Nurhasanah, Siti. “Pencabutan Pengaduan Oleh IStri Atas Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Yang Dilakukan Oleh Suami.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 7, no. 1 (2020): 89.

Nurisam, Eko. “Risalah Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Pasca Lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 4, no. 2 (2022): 170–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v4i2.170-196.

R. Zainul Musthofa, Siti Aminah. “Tinjauan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga.” Josh: Journal Of Sharia 1, no. 2 (2022).

Rizky Amalia, Hafrida, Elizabeth Siregar. “Perbandingan Pengaturan Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia Dan Hukum Pidana Malaysia.” Pampas: Journal Of Criminal Law 2, no. 2 (2021).

Rozak, Abdul, and Diky Faqih Maulana. "Pengaruh Pandemi Covid 19 terhadap Perceraian Masyarakat Rembang Berdasarkan Aspek Sosial dan Angka di Pengadilan." Al-Ahkam Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum 6, no. 2 (2021): 161-181.

S, Erik. “Istri Polisi Yang Jadi Korban Kekerasan Seksual Suaminya Cabut Laporan, Ini Alasan.” Tribunnews, 2022. https://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2023/01/10/istri-polisi-yang-jadi-korban-kekerasan-seksual-suaminya-cabut-laporan-ini-penyebabnya.

Sangaji, Ardian. “2 Istri Polisi Korban KDRT Cabut Laporan, Ada Apa?” tandaseru.com, 2022. https://www.tandaseru.com/2022/01/13/2-istri-polisi-korban-kdrt-cabut-laporan-ada-apa/.

Sani, Ana Isabel, and Dora Pereira. "Mothers as victims of intimate partner violence: The decision to leave or stay and resilience-oriented intervention." Social Sciences 9, no. 10 (2020): 174.

Sari, Ardila Arumita, Sularto. “KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ISTRI (MARITAL RAPE) BERBASIS KEADILAN GENDER DI INDONESIA.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 1, no. 1 (2019): 117–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v1i1.117-127.

Sartika, Dewi, and Nur Fadilah Amalia. "Forgiveness in wives experiencing domestic violence." International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 4, no. 3 (2014): 238-241.

Susanto, Anthon Freddy. “Pendekatan Restoratif Dalam Kekerasan Rumah Tangga Menurut Perspektif Hukum Pidana.” Pagaruyuang Law Journal 4, no. 2 (2021).

Sodiqin, Ali. “Legal, Moral, and Spiritual Dialectics in the Islamic Restorative Justice System,” AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 21, no 2 (2021): 357-378.

Wardhani, Karenina Aulery Putri. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) Pada Tingkat Penyidikan Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (UUPKDRT).” Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum 1, no. 1 (2021): 70–83.

Wong, Christopher Dowling; Anthony Morgan; Shann Hulme; Matthew Manning; Gabriel. “Protection Orders for Domestic Violence: A Systematic Review.” Informit 551, no. 1 (2018): 1–19.

Authors

Inna Fauzi
innafauz11@gmail.com (Primary Contact)
Any Ismayawati
Azka Hanani
Seeking Harmony over Punishment: Restorative Justice Approaches to Domestic Violence in Islamic and Indonesian Legal Frameworks. (2023). Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum, 11(2), 183-204. https://doi.org/10.14421/al-mazaahib.v11i2.3192

Article Details

How to Cite

Seeking Harmony over Punishment: Restorative Justice Approaches to Domestic Violence in Islamic and Indonesian Legal Frameworks. (2023). Al-Mazaahib: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum, 11(2), 183-204. https://doi.org/10.14421/al-mazaahib.v11i2.3192