Law, Media, and Democracy in the Digital Era: Freedom of Expression and ITE Regulation in Indonesia
Abstract
The digital era presents complexity in the discursive relationship between law, media, and democracy. This research analyzes the interconnection of these three aspects within the context of Indonesian identity. The study employs a literature review approach utilizing the framework of media discourse, focusing on three key areas: agenda setting, framing, and gatekeeping. Data sources include Article 28 of the 1945 Constitution and several articles within the ITE Law. The research reveals that in the practical application of law, media plays a significant role in conveying information and even shaping citizens' understanding of democracy. Several key findings surfaced from this investigation. Firstly, agenda-setting informs the public about the crucial significance of these matters within democracy. Secondly, by utilizing framing discourse, the media can influence public sentiment, whether by underscoring the importance of safeguarding privacy or portraying internet regulations as impeding freedom of expression. Lastly, this study unveiled how media organizations wield substantial control over the topics covered, thus determining what garners public attention. This control not only directs the agenda but also shapes public perceptions of laws related to democracy, underscoring the profound influence of media on societal comprehension.
Era digital menampilkan kompleksitas dalam hubungan diskursif antara hukum, media, dan demokrasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis keterkaitan ketiga aspek tersebut dalam konteks keindonesiaan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan pustaka dengan memanfaatkan kerangka wacana media, dengan fokus pada tiga area kunci: penentuan agenda, pembentukan narasi, dan pengaturan akses informasi. Sumber data meliputi Pasal 28 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan beberapa pasal terkait dengan konten internet, cyberbullying dan ujaran kebencian dalam Undang-Undang ITE. Penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa dalam praktik penerapan hukum, media memainkan peran yang signifikan dalam menyampaikan informasi bahkan membentuk pemahaman warga negara tentang demokrasi. Beberapa temuan utama muncul dari penelitian ini. Pertama, penentuan agenda berfungsi untuk memberi informasi kepada publik tentang pentingnya masalah-masalah ini dalam ranah demokrasi. Kedua, dengan menggunakan wacana pembentukan narasi, media dapat memengaruhi opini publik, baik dengan menekankan pentingnya perlindungan privasi maupun menggambarkan regulasi internet sebagai batasan kebebasan berekspresi. Terakhir, penelitian ini mengungkap bagaimana organisasi media memiliki kendali yang signifikan atas topik-topik yang dibahas sehingga menentukan apa yang menarik perhatian publik. Kendali ini tidak hanya mengarahkan agenda, tetapi juga membentuk persepsi publik tentang hukum-hukum terkait demokrasi, menegaskan pengaruh mendalam media dalam pemahaman masyarakat.
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Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 Tahun 2019 tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang ITE
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