Mengungkap Dinamika Hukum Islam: Telaah Kritis terhadap An Introduction to Islamic Law Karya Wael B. Hallaq"
Abstract
An Introduction to Islamic Law by Wael B. Hallaq offers a critical review of the evolution of Islamic law from the classical period to the modern era. The book summarizes Hallaq's broader work, Sharīʿa: Theory, Practice, Transformations, with a focus on simplifying concepts to make them accessible to general readers. In his study, Hallaq highlights how Sharia developed historically as a flexible legal system based on the interpretation of scholars, before undergoing drastic changes due to colonialism and modernity. The first part of the book discusses the foundations of Islamic law, including the role of the legal school, legal education, and the interaction of law with society and politics in pre-modern systems of government. Hallaq explained that in the traditional context, Islamic law is not just a written rule, but also reflects moral and social values. The second part highlights how the modern state and colonialism changed Islamic law, limiting its application to the realm of family law, as well as weakening the role of the ulama as the main legal authority. Hallaq criticizes how the modern state tries to fit Islamic law within the framework of a secular legal system, which often ignores the moral and social aspects of Sharia. This book contributes to academic discussion by offering a new perspective on the relationship between Islamic law and the modern state. With a historical and analytical approach, Hallaq not only debunks misconceptions about Islamic law, but also invites readers to consider its relevance in today's social and political context.
An Introduction to Islamic Law karya Wael B. Hallaq menawarkan tinjauan kritis mengenai evolusi hukum Islam dari masa klasik hingga era modern. Buku ini merangkum karya Hallaq yang lebih luas, Sharīʿa: Theory, Practice, Transformations, dengan fokus pada penyederhanaan konsep agar dapat diakses oleh pembaca umum. Dalam kajiannya, Hallaq menyoroti bagaimana Syariah berkembang secara historis sebagai sistem hukum yang fleksibel dan berbasis pada interpretasi para ulama, sebelum mengalami perubahan drastis akibat kolonialisme dan modernitas. Bagian pertama buku ini membahas fondasi hukum Islam, termasuk peran mazhab hukum, pendidikan hukum, dan interaksi hukum dengan masyarakat serta politik dalam sistem pemerintahan pra-modern. Hallaq menjelaskan bahwa dalam konteks tradisional, hukum Islam bukan hanya sekadar aturan tertulis, tetapi juga mencerminkan nilai-nilai moral dan sosial. Bagian kedua menyoroti bagaimana negara modern dan kolonialisme mengubah hukum Islam, membatasi penerapannya hanya dalam ranah hukum keluarga, serta melemahkan peran ulama sebagai otoritas hukum utama. Hallaq mengkritik bagaimana negara modern mencoba menyesuaikan hukum Islam dalam kerangka sistem hukum sekuler, yang sering kali mengabaikan aspek moral dan sosial dari Syariah. Buku ini berkontribusi dalam diskusi akademik dengan menawarkan perspektif baru mengenai hubungan antara hukum Islam dan negara modern. Dengan pendekatan historis dan analitis, Hallaq tidak hanya membongkar kesalahpahaman tentang hukum Islam, tetapi juga mengajak pembaca untuk mempertimbangkan relevansinya dalam konteks sosial dan politik saat ini.
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