IMMORTAL HUMAN: TINDAKAN MANUSIA UNTUK ABADI DALAM PANDANGAN MUHAMMAD IQBAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/ref.v21i1.3186Keywords:
Iqbal, Eternal, Human, Metaphysics, behaviorAbstract
This study aims to find the concept of immortality in Iqbal's view by making it relevant to human action in the world. Human action that leads to morality is needed to provide awareness that human perfection can only be achieved by maximizing actions in accordance with the enhancement of his self-concept. To achieve this goal, this study uses qualitative methods with the type of literature study. As an analysis tool, this study uses content analysis techniques. Based on the data generated, this study found that conscious and free human action is the key for humans to achieve perfection. The resulting perfection can lead humans to immortality by absorbing the surrounding reality, including the absorption of the great ego of the Most Perfect. The offer of perfection given by Iqbal reconstructs the concept of timelessness in the views of classical Islamic thinkers that lead to life after death. Eternal in Iqbal's view does not refer to a place but to a state so that Heaven and Hell which are considered places of eternity are conditions related to the process of human attainment towards immortality.
Abstract viewed: 520 times
|
PDF downloaded = 182 times
References
Abdillah, Aam, and A. Bachrun Rifai. “Perkembangan Pemikiran Konsep Pendidikan Diri Dalam Perspektif Tasawuf Muhammad Iqbal.” Al-Tsaqafa: Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam 16, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 135–58. https://doi.org/10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v16i1.4838.
Abduh, Muhammad. Risalah Tauhid. Translated by Firdaus AN. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 1965.
Abidin, Zaenal. “Perbandingan Tujuan Pendidikan Untuk Membentuk Manusia Ideal Menurut Paulo Freire Dan Muhammad Iqbal.” Suhuf 30, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 1–18.
Ahmad, Sarham. “A Brief Sketch of Allama Iqbal.” In Annual Hall Magazine Iqbal, edited by M. Kashif Mir. Aligarh: International Printing Press, 2002.
Al-Mujahid, Syarif. Allam Iqbal. Islamabad: Qaid A’dhom Akademi, 1986.
Aristyasari, Yunita Furi. “Pendidikan Islam Progresif Muhammad Iqbal.” Al Ghazali 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 32–50.
Budiyanto, Tenda. “Hermeneutika Hadist: Studi Pemikiran Muhammad Iqbal.” Khulasah : Islamic Studies Journal 2, no. 1 (November 15, 2020). http://ojs.staisdharma.ac.id/index.php/kisj/article/view/28.
Choiriyah, Choiriyah. “Muhammad Iqbal; Pemikiran Politik Dan Sumber Hukum Islam.” MIZAN 3, no. 1 (March 27, 2017). http://ejournal.uika-bogor.ac.id/index.php/MIZAN/article/view/365.
El-Ehwany, Ahmed Fouad. “Al-Kindi.” In A History of Muslim Philosophy, edited by M.M. Sharif. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1963.
Elvira Purnamasari. “Kebebasan Manusia Dalam Filsafat Eksistensialisme (Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Muhammad Iqbal Dan Jean Paul Sartre).” Manthiq 2, no. 2 (November 12, 2017): 119–32. https://doi.org/10.29300/MTQ.V2I2.667.
Hasan, Muhammad. A New Approach to Iqbal. New Delhi: Publication Division Ministry of Information, 1909.
Iqbal, Muhammad. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1934.
———. The Secrets of The Self. Translated by Reynold A. Nicholson. Lahore: Ashraf Press, 1983.
Khasanah, Nur, Achmad Irwan Hamzani, and Havis Aravik. “Hermeneutics on Hadith; Study on Muhammad Iqbal Thought.” SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I 7, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 105–16. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i2.14896.
Kholidah, Zakiyah. “Relevansi Pemikiran Muhammad Iqbal Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa Di Era Millenium.” TA’LIM : Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 288–308. https://doi.org/10.29062/TA’LIM.V1I2.953.
Kurniawan, Asep. “Filsafat Islam Metafisika Muhammad Iqbal Tentang Tuhan Sebagai Ego.” JURNAL YAQZHAN: Analisis Filsafat, Agama Dan Kemanusiaan 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.24235/jy.v3i1.2082.
Leaman, Oliver. Pengantar Filsafat Islam (Abad Pertengahan). Translated by M. Amin Abdullah. Jakarta: Rajawali, 1989.
Lidinillah, Mustofa Anshori. “Agama Dan Aktualisasi Diri Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938).” Jurnal Filsafat. Vol. 10, 2000. https://doi.org/10.22146/JF.31349.
Maftukhin, M. “Reposisi Konsep Ketuhanan: Tanggapan Muhammad Iqbal Dan Said Nursi Atas Perjumpaan Islam Dan Sains.” Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 12, no. 1 (June 17, 2017): 77–102. https://doi.org/10.21274/epis.2017.12.1.77-102.
Maimun, Ach. “Filsafat Dinamis Integralistik Epistemologi Dalam Pemikiran Muhammad Iqbal.” KABILAH : Journal of Social Community 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 142–56. https://doi.org/10.35127/kbl.v3i2.3402.
Masruri, Muhammad Muhammad. “Konsep Khudi Iqbal Dalam Pengembangan Kreatifitas Pembelajaran Di Madrasah.” JURNAL PENELITIAN KEISLAMAN 16, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 46–59. https://doi.org/10.20414/jpk.v16i1.2220.
Mayring, Philipp. Qualitative Content Analysis: Theoretical Faoundation, Basic Procedures and Sofware Solution. Austria: Gesis, 2014.
Munir, Muchamad Agus. “Studi Kritis Filsafat Pendidikan Islam Muhammad Iqbal.” EL TARBAWI 10, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.20885/tarbawi.vol9.iss1.art2.
Muthahhari, Murtadha. Perspektif Al-Qur’an Tentang Manusia Dan Agama. Translated by Muhammad Bagir. Bandung: Mizan, 1991.
Nasution, Harun. Muhammad Abduh Dan Teologi Rasional Mu’tazilah. Jakarta: UI Press, 1987.
Nurmaliyah, Yayah. “Hakikat Manusia Menurut Muhammad Iqbal.” TAJDID : Jurnal Ilmu Keislaman Dan Ushuluddin 21, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 95–107. https://doi.org/10.15548/tajdid.v21i1.253.
Puspitasari, Rini. “Pendidikan Islam Menurut Muhammad Iqbal.” Manhaj: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat 6, no. 3 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1161/MHJ.V5I3.740.
Rafid, Rahmad. “Konsep Kepribadian Muslim Muhammad Iqbal Perspektif Pendidikan Islam Sebagai Upaya Perngembangan Dan Penguatan Karakter Generasi Milenial.” E- Jurnal Mitra Pendidikan 2, no. 7 (July 30, 2018): 711–18.
Raha Bis Bistara. “Dimenso Feminisme Dalam Pembaharuan Islam: Menilik Pemikiran Muhammad Iqbal.” TAJDID: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin 19, no. 1 (2020).
Sadra, Mulla. Manifestasi-Manifestasi Ilahi, Risalah Ketuhanan Dan Hari Akhir Sebagai Perjalanan Pengetahuan Menuju Kesempurnaan. Translated by Irwan Kurniawan. Jakarta: Sadra Press, 2011.
Saiyidain, K.G. Iqbal’s Educational Philosophy. Lahore: Kashmiri Bazaar, 1945.
Sari, Herlini Puspika. “Rekonstruksionisme Pendidikan Islam Menurut Muhammad Iqbal.” Al-Fikra : Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman 19, no. 1 (August 7, 2020). https://doi.org/10.24014/af.v19i1.10076.
Schimmel, Annemarie. Gabriel’s Wing: A Study into The Religious Ideas of Sir Muhammad Iqbal. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1963.
Shafique, Khurram Ali. Iqbal: An Illustrated Biography. Lahore: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2010.
Sing, Iqbal. The Ardent Pilgrim: An Introduction to the Life and Work of Mohammed Iqbal. London: Oxford University Press, 1951.
Singh, Nagendra Kr. Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: I-M. Bangladesh: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, 2001.
Sudarminta, J. Filsafat Proses: Sebuah Pengantar Sistematik Filsafat Alfred North Whitehead. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius, 1991.
Vahid, Syed Abdul. Glimpses of Iqbal. Karachi: Iqbal Academy, 1974.
———. Iqbal: His Art and Thought. London: John Murray, 1959.
Widyastini, Widyastini. “Konsep Pemikiran Filsafati Muhammad Iqbal Tentang Pendidikan Dan Relevansinya Dengan Pembangunan Karakter Bagi Bangsa Indonesia.” Jurnal Filsafat 27, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 125. https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.22089.
Zar, Sirajuddin. Filsafat Islam: Filosof Dan Filsafatnya. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2004.
Zubaidah, Aida. “Integrasi Komunikatif Pendidikan Islam Muhammad Iqbal Dan HAMKA.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Communication 1, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 50–75. https://doi.org/10.35719/ijic.v1i2.46.
