Pendidikan Islam pada Masa Kerajaan Mataram: Pembentukan Moral dan Sosial Masyarakat Jawa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/thaq.2026.25201Keywords:
Kerajaan Mataram, Moralitas Jawa, Pendidikan Islam, Sinkretisme BudayaAbstract
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji pendidikan Islam pada masa Kerajaan Mataram dan bagaimana pendidikan tersebut berperan dalam pembentukan moral serta struktur sosial masyarakat Jawa. Kajian ini menjadi penting karena nilai-nilai pendidikan yang berkembang pada periode itu tidak hanya mencerminkan proses islamisasi, tetapi juga memperlihatkan bagaimana ajaran agama dapat menyatu dengan budaya lokal tanpa kehilangan inti ajarannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami peran pesantren, langgar, dan surau sebagai pusat pembinaan akhlak dan sosial, terutama di tengah kuatnya pengaruh sinkretisme Jawa. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka melalui penelusuran literatur historis, jurnal ilmiah, dan temuan akademik terkait pendidikan Islam pada masa Mataram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan Islam berfungsi sebagai sarana dakwah, pembentukan karakter, dan penguatan solidaritas sosial melalui pengajaran kitab kuning, pembiasaan adab, dan keteladanan ulama.
Abstract: This study examines the dynamics of Islamic education during the Mataram Kingdom period and its role in shaping the moral values and social structure of Javanese society. This issue is significant because the educational values that developed during this era not only reflect the process of Islamization but also demonstrate how religious teachings were able to integrate with local culture without losing their essential principles. The objective of this research is to understand the role of pesantren, langgar, and surau as centers for moral and social development, particularly amid the strong influence of Javanese syncretism. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach by examining historical sources, academic journals, and scholarly findings related to Islamic education during the Mataram period. The findings indicate that Islamic education functioned as a medium of daʿwah, character formation, and the strengthening of social solidarity through the teaching of classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning), the cultivation of ethical conduct, and the exemplary leadership of religious scholars.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Firmansyah, Zaafarani Nabila Zahra, Dzulkifli Hadi Imawan

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