DETERMINAN INVESTASI NEGARA AMERIKA SERIKAT KE NEGARA ANGGOTA ORGANISASI KERJASAMA ISLAM TAHUN 1991-2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/EkBis.2018.2.2.1114Keywords:
Key words, market seeking, efficiency seeking, resource seeking, complementary and substitutionAbstract
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the factors that have become the motives and behavior of United States (US) outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) to four samples of member countries of Islamic Cooperation Organzation (OIC). The OFDI motives of US are classified into market seeking, efficiency seeking, and resource seeking. While OFDI behavior in US is divided into two, namely complementary to export or substitution to export. The analysis technique used is Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of this study indicate that in the long term there are known market seeking motives of US OFDI to Turkey and Malaysia. In the long term, there are known efficiency seeking motives of US OFDI to Saudi Arabia and Indonesia. In the short term, market seeking and efficiency seeking motives of US only exist in Turkey. Whereas resource seeking motives of Unite States OFDI are not found in four samples of OIC member countries both in the long term and in the short term. As for the behavior of US OFDI it is known that US in the long term and short-term complementary behavior toward US export to three samples of OIC member countries (Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, and Malaysia). On the contrary, US OFDI in the long term and short-term substitution toward the export of US to Turkey.
Key words : market seeking, efficiency seeking, resource seeking, complementary and substitution
JEL Classification: F20, F21, F23
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meganalisis faktor-faktor yang menjadi motif dan perilaku investasi asing langsung ke luar negeri (OFDI) Amerika Serikat ke empat sampel negara anggota Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI). Motif OFDI Amerika Serikat diklasifikasikan dalam market seeking, efficiency seeking, dan resource seeking. Sedangkan perilaku OFDI Amerika Serikat dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu komplementer terhadap ekspor atau substitusi terhadap ekspor. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Error Correction Model (ECM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada jangka panjang diketahui adanya motif market seeking OFDI Amerika Serikat ke negara Turki dan Malaysia. Pada jangka panjang diketahui adanya motif efficiency seeking dari OFDI Amerika Serikat ke negara Arab Saudi dan Indonesia. Pada jangka pendek motif market seeking maupun motif efficiency seeking dari OFDI Amerika Serikat hanya ada pada negara Turki. Sedangkan motif resource seeking dari OFDI Amerika Serikat tidak ditemukan pada empat sampel negara anggota OKI baik dalam jangka panjang maupun dalam jangka pendek. Adapun mengenai perilaku dari OFDI Amerika Serikat diketahui bahwa OFDI Amerika Serikat dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek berperilaku komplementer terhadap ekspor Amerika Serikat ke tiga sampel negara anggota OKI (Arab Saudi, Indonesia, dan Malaysia). Sebaliknya OFDI Amerika Serikat dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek berperilaku substitusi terhadap ekspor Amerika Serikat ke negara Turki.
Kata kunci: market seeking, efficiency seeking, resource seeking, komplementer dan substitusi.
JEL Classification: F20, F21, F23
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