STUDI PERTUKARAN SOSIAL DAN PERAN NILAI AGAMA DALAM MENJAGA KERUKUNAN ANTAR KELOMPOK UMAT BERAGAMA DI MANADO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v11i1.1419Keywords:
harmony, religion values, social exchangeAbstract
Isu rasial memiliki potensi konflik yang sangat tinggi, khususnya di Indonesia yang memiliki keberagaman tinggi sehingga potensi akan konflik menjadi lebih tinggi. Keberagaman yang dimiliki Indonesia ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri dalam mewujudkan kerukunan. Setiap agama bahkan mengajarkan tentang pentingnya kerukunan. Sedangkan dalam teori pertukaran sosial diketahui bahwa interaksi manusia dilandaskan pada prinsip pertukaran, dimana penghargaan dimaksimalkan dan biaya dihindari. Kemudian dalam hal menjaga kerukunan faktor peran nilai agama atau faktor pertukaran sosial yang lebih memiliki peran dalam kerukunan di Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep dasar teori kerukunan, nilai agama, dan pertukaran sosial. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bawah kerukunan dapat tercipta di Manado karena faktor sejarah, pendidikan, peran orang tua yang mengajarkan nilai-nilai hidup orang Manado, nilai ajaran agama, serta peran dari para opinion leader yang turut menjaga kerukunan. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa antara Suku Minahasa dengan suku pendatang yang berbeda agama terjadi pertukaran sosial, dimana suku Minahasa melakukan pertukaran ini dengan dasar keuntungan terciptanya lingkungan yang damai dan rukun serta menaati nilai dan ajaran agama.
Racial issues have very high potential for conflict, especially in Indonesia which has high diversity, so the potential for conflict will be higher. The diversity of Indonesia is a challenge in creating harmony. Every religion even teaches about the importance of harmony. Whereas in social exchange theory it is known that human interaction is based on the principle of exchange, in which rewards are maximized and costs are avoided. Then in terms of maintaining the harmony factor of the role of religious values or social exchange factors that have more role in harmony in Manado. This study uses the basic concepts of the theory of harmony, religious values, and social exchange. The method used is qualitative method with data collection technique through interview and observation. The results show that harmony can be created in Manado due to historical factors, education, the role of parents who teach the values of the Manado life, the value of religious teachings, and the role of opinion leaders who helped maintain harmony. The study also shows that between the Minahasa tribe and the tribe of different religions occurs social exchanges, in which the Minahasa ethnic group exchanges this with the basis of the benefits of creating a peaceful and harmonious environment and adhering to religious values and teachings.
Downloads
References
Barack Obama Pamit, Pidatonya Emosional. (2017, Januari 12). Kompas, hal. 1.
Sairin, W. (2006). Kerukunan umat beragama pilar utama kerukunan berbangsa: butir-butir pemikiran. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Muria.
Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. A., & McDaniel, E. R. (2010). Komunikasi Lintas Budaya (7th ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Salemba Humanika.
Sulaiman. (2014). Nilai-Nilai Kerukunan dalam Tradisi Lokal (Studi Interaksi Kelompok Umat Beragama di Ambarawa, Jawa Tengah). Harmoni, 65-76.
West, R., & Turner, L. H. (2008). Pengantar Teori Komunikasi Analisis dan Aplikasi (3rd Ed.). Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Wood, J. T. (2004). Communication theories in action an introduction, 3rd Edition. USA: Wadswoth Thomson Learning.
Yin, R. K. (2006). Studi Kasus: Desain dan Metode. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persana.
Jurnal:
Paramita, S., & Sari, W. P. (2016). Komunikasi Lintas Budaya dalam Menjaga Kerukunan antara Umat Beragama di Kampung Jaton Minahasa. Jurnal Pekommas, 1(2), 153-166. Data diakses di: https://jurnal.kominfo.go.id/index.php/pekommas/article/view/463
Budiasa, Meistra. Mediatisasi Aksi Massa Islam 2 Desember 2016. Profetik Jurnal Komunikasi, Vol.10 no.1 2017
Website:
Diputra, R. (2016, Febuari 25). Dipetik Januari 18, 2017, dari www.okezone.com: http://news.okezone.com/read/2016/02/25/340/1320731/lima-konflik-sara-paling-mengerikan-ini-pernah-terjadi-di-indonesia
NTT Pertama, Sulut Peringkat Dua Kerukunan Umat Beragama. (2017, Januari 05). Retrieved Juni 02, 2017, from Manado Post Online: http://manadopostonline.com/read/2017/01/05/NTT-Pertama-Sulut-Peringkat-Dua-Kerukunan-Umat-Beragama/19719
Ihsanuddin. (2017, Januari 04). Pemerintah Akan Bentuk Dewan Kerukunan Nasional. Retrieved Juni 02, 2017, from Kompas Online: http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/01/04/19041911/pemerintah.akan.bentuk.dewan.kerukunan.nasional
Pawai Paskah Nasional, Pesona Kerukunan Umat Beragama. (2017, April 22). Retrieved Juni 02, 2017, from Tribun ManadoOnline: http://manado.tribunnews.com/2017/04/22/pawai-paskah-nasional-pesona-kerukunan-umat-beragama?page=1
Sari, W. P. (2015, Oktober). Pertukaran Sosial Dalam Komunikasi Antara Etnis Batak Dan Tionghoa Di Komunitas Gereja. Paper presented at Konferensi Nasional Komunikasi 2015, ISKI, Solo, Indonesia. Tersedia dari: https://works.bepress.com/wulan-purnamasari/3/
Suhada, A. (2017, April 23). Jusuf Kalla Buka Acara Pekan Kerukunan Umat Beragama di Manado. Retrieved Juni 02, 2017, from Tempo Online: https://nasional.tempo.co/read/news/2017/04/23/078868781/jusuf-kalla-buka-acara-pekan-kerukunan-umat-beragama-di-manado
Tendeken, F. (2016, Mei 19). FKUB Denpasar, Belajar Kerukunan Beragama di Kota Manado. Retrieved Juni 02, 2017, from Tribun Manado Online: http://manado.tribunnews.com/2016/05/19/fkub-denpasar-belajar-kerukunan-beragama-di-kota-
Kerukunan di Manado Jadi Contoh. (2017, Maret 17). Retrieved Mei 09, 2017, from Manado Post Online: http://manadopostonline.com/read/2017/03/17/Kerukunan-di-Manado-Jadi-Contoh/21345
Reza, J. I. (2017, Juni 01). Hari Pancasila, #SayaIndonesiaSayaPancasila Bergema di Twitter. Retrieved Juni 02, 2017, from Liputan 6 Online: http://tekno.liputan6.com/read/2973446/hari-pancasila-sayaindonesiasayapancasila-bergema-di-twitter
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Please find the rights and licenses in Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi by submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
2. Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User/Public Rights
Profetik's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Profetik permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and Profetik on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications. Unless otherwise stated, the authors are public entities as soon as their articles got published.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;
Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights, The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books, The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, The right to self-archive the article (please read out deposit policy), The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi).
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Profetik will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. Profetik will only communicate with the corresponding author.
6. Royalties
Being an open accessed journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons license term mentioned, author(s) aware that Profetik entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
7. Miscellaneous
Profetik will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. Profetik's editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers as mentioned in point 3.