Kepercayaan Diri dalam Perspektif Psikologi Umum dan Islam: Kajian Pemikiran Peter Lauster dan Malik Badri

Abstract

Self-confidence is a crucial element in the lives of modern individuals, where challenges such as social media pressure, fierce competition, and economic uncertainty often lower self-confidence, thereby increasing cases of anxiety and depression among the younger generation. Previous studies have discussed self-confidence from a general Islamic perspective, such as how to build it or Qur'anic factors, but there is still a significant research gap in the form of a lack of in-depth comparative analysis and a holistic integrative model between Peter Lauster's general psychological thinking—which emphasizes a realistic positive attitude through experience—and Malik Badri's Islamic perspective, which integrates tawakkal, gratitude, and ma'rifatun nafs. This study aims to compare the similarities and differences between the two concepts of self-confidence, integrate them into an Integrative Model of Self-Confidence (MIKD), and describe the theoretical, practical, and methodological implications for Islamic psychology. The method used is a descriptive-interpretative qualitative literature study through an in-depth review of books, articles, and academic sources related to Lauster (2015) and Badri (1994), with systematic analysis to explore the meaning and interrelationship of ideas. The results of the study show similarities in positive attitudes, internal-external factors, and the adaptive role of self-confidence, but fundamental differences in Badri's spiritual dimension that complements Lauster's empirical approach; the integration resulted in a holistic MIKD that combines realistic-spiritual self-concept, tafakkur-optimism process, and tawakkal-external factors, with implications such as the enrichment of Islamic psychology theory, CBT-dzikir-based counseling workshops, and recommendations for empirical testing.