Strategi Modifikasi Perilaku terhadap Perilaku Seksual Bermasalah pada Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus: Studi Kasus Kualitatif di SLB N Magelang
Keywords:
modifikasi perilaku, perilaku seksual bermasalah, Positive Behavior Support, pendidikan luar biasaAbstract
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi strategi modifikasi perilaku yang diterapkan oleh guru dalam menangani perilaku seksual bermasalah (PSB) pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus di SLBN Magelang. Teori yang digunakan meliputi modifikasi perilaku berbasis prinsip behavioristik (Skinner), social learning (Bandura), serta pendekatan Positive Behavior Support (PBS). Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus intrinsik. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-struktur, observasi partisipatif terbatas, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru menerapkan lima strategi utama: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement melalui pengalihan energi, punishment yang etis dan berbasis kesadaran emosional, extinction, serta shaping melalui pendampingan bertahap dan pelibatan orang tua. Pendekatan ini tidak berdiri sendiri, melainkan membentuk ekosistem intervensi yang humanistik, etis, dan kontekstual. Kontribusi penelitian ini memperkaya literatur tentang PBS dalam pendidikan luar biasa di Indonesia dan menawarkan model praktik yang dapat direplikasi. Kesimpulan menekankan pentingnya pelatihan guru SLB berbasis etika behavioristik dan pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan seks yang inklusif bagi siswa ABK.
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