Ragam Makna Kesahihan Hadis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14421/livinghadis.2018.1437Keywords:
kesahihan hadis, Muhammad Haqqi al-Nāzili, Khazīnatul AsrārAbstract
The scholars of hadith have standards and criteria for determining the validity of the hadith. Therefore, their standards vary and through the different criteria are different in interpreting the authentic hadith. This difference of meaning must be explained in relation to the practice of hadith and its use as an argument. The true meaning according to Muhammad Haqqi al-Nāzilī is a continuous hadith, not narrated through the siqah narrator, in spite of syaż and 'illat and his traditions conveying the privileges of the sunna practices that can motivate someone to carry out the practices of the sunna. So someone who performs these deeds based on authentic hadith and get a reward that doubled because it already knows the virtue of the hadith.
The validity of the traditions contained in the book of Khazīnat al-Asrār Jalīlat al-Ażkār based on the criteria of the jumhur ulama of hadith states that these traditions do not reach the valid degree. But the traditions in it are dominated by hadith hasan and ḍa'īf. From a number of hadiths sampled in this study proves that there are 14 Hadiths, Hadiths that have ḍa'if degree of hadith 24 hadith, and hadith reaching degree ṣaḥīḥ only 8 hadith. However, according to al-Nāzili hadith in the book of Khazīnat al-Asrār are authentic hadiths based on the standard of criteria that he possesses.
Para ulama hadis mempunyai standar dan kriteria untuk menentukan kesahihan hadis. Maka dari itu, standar mereka berbeda-beda dan melalui perbedaan kriteria tersebut maka berbeda pula dalam memaknai hadis sahih. Perbedaan makna ini harus dijelaskan terkait dengan pengamalan hadis dan penggunaannya sebagai hujah. Makna sahih menurut Muhammad Haqqi al-Nāzilī adalah hadis yang sanadnya bersambung, tidak diriwayatkan melalui perawi yang ṡiqah, tidak terhindar dari syaż dan ‘illat dan hadis-hadisnya menyampaikan keistimewaan dari amalan-amalan sunah yang dapat memotivasi seseorang untuk melaksanakan amalan-amalan sunah. Sehingga seseorang yang melaksanakan amalan-amalan tersebut berdasarkan hadis sahih dan mendapatkan pahala yang berlipat ganda karena sudah mengetahui keutamaannya dari hadis tersebut.
Kesahihan hadis yang terdapat dalam kitab Khazīnat al-Asrār Jalīlat al-Ażkār berdasarkan standar kriteria jumhur ulama hadis menyatakan bahwa hadis-hadis tersebut tidak mencapai derajat sahih. Melainkan hadis-hadis di dalamnya didominasi oleh hadis hasan dan ḍa’īf. Dari sejumlah hadis yang dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa hadis yang berderajat hasan ada 14 hadis, hadis yang berderajat ḍa’if ada hadis 24 hadis, dan hadis yang mencapai derajat ṣaḥīḥ hanya 8 hadis. Tetapi, menurut al-Nāzili hadis dalam kitab Khazīnat al-Asrār merupakan hadis-hadis sahih berdasarkan standar kriteria yang ia miliki.
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