The Digital Phantasm of the National Future: Simulation and Sacralization in the Jagat Nusantara Metaverse
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Abstract
The development of Ibu Kota Nusantara (Indonesia’s new capital/IKN), is not merely a material project but also a symbolic construction of the nation’s future produced through digital space. This article examines how the Jagat Nusantara metaverse constructs IKN's imagined future and how this simulation contributes to a process of sacralization. The study draws primarily on Jean Baudrillard’s concepts of simulation, simulacra, and hyperreality, alongside Durkheim’s sociological conception of the sacred. Data were collected through qualitative digital observation and document analysis of Jagat Nusantara, official IKN documents, promotional materials, and relevant media reports. The findings show that Jagat Nusantara constructs a coherent image of the future capital through signs of national unity, technological progress, environmental harmony, cultural continuity, and collective participation. These signs do more than idealize IKN: they are symbolically separated from contradictory material realities, invested with exceptional collective meaning, and positioned as objects of shared aspiration. This process operates through selective visibility, whereby land disputes, environmental concerns, development uncertainties, and the experiences of affected indigenous communities receive limited representation within the virtual simulation. The article argues that simulation and sacralization are analytically distinct yet interconnected: simulation produces a hyperreal symbolic environment, while sacralization elevates selected signs into an exceptional, normative vision of the national future. The implication is that the sociology of religion can be extended into digital and political domains by showing how sacralizing processes may operate beyond explicitly religious institutions through symbolic separation and the collective valuation of imagined national futures.
Pembangunan Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) tidak hanya berlangsung sebagai proyek material, tetapi juga sebagai konstruksi simbolik mengenai masa depan Indonesia yang diproduksi melalui ruang digital. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana masa depan IKN dikonstruksi melalui metaverse Jagat Nusantara dan bagaimana simulasi tersebut berkontribusi terhadap proses sakralisasi. Penelitian menggunakan konsep Jean Baudrillard tentang simulasi, simulakra, dan hiperrealitas sebagai kerangka utama, serta konsepsi sosiologis Durkheim mengenai yang sakral. Data diperoleh melalui observasi digital kualitatif dan analisis dokumen terhadap Jagat Nusantara, dokumen resmi IKN, materi promosi, serta pemberitaan media yang relevan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Jagat Nusantara membangun gambaran koheren mengenai ibu kota masa depan melalui tanda-tanda persatuan nasional, kemajuan teknologi, harmoni lingkungan, keberlanjutan budaya, dan partisipasi kolektif. Tanda-tanda tersebut tidak hanya mengidealkan IKN, tetapi juga dipisahkan secara simbolik dari realitas material yang kontradiktif, diberi makna kolektif yang istimewa, dan ditempatkan sebagai objek aspirasi bersama. Proses ini berlangsung melalui visibilitas selektif, ketika konflik pertanahan, persoalan lingkungan, ketidakpastian pembangunan, dan pengalaman masyarakat adat memperoleh ruang terbatas dalam simulasi virtual. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa simulasi menghasilkan lingkungan simbolik hiperreal, sedangkan sakralisasi menjelaskan pengangkatan tanda-tanda tertentu menjadi visi normatif dan istimewa mengenai masa depan nasional. Implikasinya, kajian ini memperluas sosiologi agama ke ruang digital dan politik dengan menunjukkan bahwa proses sakralisasi dapat berlangsung di luar institusi keagamaan melalui pemisahan simbolik dan pemberian nilai kolektif terhadap masa depan nasional.
Keywords:
Digital Phantasm, Hyperreality, Sacralization, SimulationReferences:
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