Transformasi Spiritual Masyarakat Jawa Kontemprer

Eksistensi dan Makna Ritual di Parangkusumo

Abstract

The life of the Javanese people is full and attached to the mystical world. They are associated with supernatural things, and always do the 'other way'. How to understanding life they perform various rituals, one of which is the ritual on Selasa (Tuesday) Kliwon and Jumat (Friday) Kliwon nights in Parangkusumo. The ritual is an attempt to seek clarity and guidance from the ancestors, namely Panembahan Senopati as the first Islamic Mataram King and Kanjeng Ratu Kidul. This ritual is the embodiment of an 'ingrained' myth about the existence of Kanjeng Ratu Kidul, a spirited creature with powerful powers, the ruler of the southern seas who has enormous supernatural powers, who are believed to be able to give peace to the Javanese people. As a traditional cultural phenomenon, the rituals of the Selasa (Tuesday) Kliwon and Jumat (Friday) Kliwon nights in Parangkusumo are difficult to separate from the daily life of the Javanese. How the ritual process takes place, what is the meaning of the ritual, and is it true that religious identity struggles continue among the Javanese, are the questions that will be answered through this research. This research is a qualitative research using a phenomenological. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of participatory observation and in-depth interviews. The data analysis was done interpretively. Another thing, this research will try to see the common thread between the concept of Islam and the Javanese religion which is considered to have a lot to influence the behavior of the Javanese people.

[Kehidupan masyarakat Jawa, penuh dan lekat dengan dunia mistis. Mereka berhubungan dengan hal-hal gaib, dan senantiasa melakukan ‘jalan lain’. Dalam memahami kehidupan mereka melakukan berbagai ritual, salah satunya ritual malam Selasa Kliwon dan Jumat Kliwon di Parangkusumo. Ritual tersebut merupakan upaya mencari kejernihan dan petunjuk dari leluhur, yakni Panembahan Senopati sebagai Raja Mataram Islam pertama dan Kanjeng Ratu Kidul. Ritual tersebut merupakan perwujudan mitos yang ‘mendarah daging’ tentang keberadaan Kanjeng Ratu Kidul, sosok makhluk halus berkekuatan sakti, penguasa laut selatan yang memiliki kekuatan gaib maha besar, yang diyakini dapat memberi ketentraman bagi masyarakat Jawa. Sebagai fenomena kebudayaan tradisional, ritual malam Selasa Kliwon dan Jumat Kliwon di Parangkusumo sulit dilepaskan dari kehidupan sehari-hari orang Jawa. Bagaimana proses ritual itu berlangsung, apa makna ritual, dan benarkah terus terjadi pergulatan identitas religius pada orang Jawa, adalah pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang akan dijawab melalui penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan perspektif fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi partisipasi dan wawancara mendalam. Adapun analisis data dilakukan secara interpretif. Hal lain, penelitian ini akan coba melihat benang merah antara konsep Islam dengan Agama Jawa yang dianggap banyak mempengaruhi perilaku kehidupan masyarakat Jawa.]